scholarly journals From Euphemism to Verbal Aggression in British and Armenian Cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Anoush Ayunts ◽  
Shushanik Paronyan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Mediated Communication

The topic of the present article concerns verbal aggression and focusses on the verbal expression of the emotional mind; specifically, the expression of negative feelings, emotions and attitudes. Since computer-mediated communication is widely used to shape and reshape public opinion, the analysis of hate speech on the material of internet discourse may shed light on the manipulative communicative tactics that are used in online media and social networking sites to spread hostility and negativity globally. Hence, the examination of the language strategies and tactics that are used to formulate hate speech becomes essential in communicatively oriented linguistic studies. The present article provides a comparative analysis of manifestations of hate speech and euphemisms in Armenian and British online media outlets and social sites targeted towards people's sexual orientation. The aim of the paper is to show the close connection between hate speech and culture. The research, which embarks on two basically different cultures – British and Armenian – is carried out within the framework of cross-cultural pragmatics and discourse analysis. A qualitative research method is applied to analyse samples of hate speech. Social sites and online media outlets were searched through search engines, using certain keywords (LGBT, sexual minorities, etc.). For the purpose of the study, language resources from English and Armenian – words, expressions, constructions, speech acts expressing hostile attitudes towards sexual orientation – have been picked out and analysed.

scholarly journals The Speech Act of Request in Computer-Mediated Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Miwita Rosari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Discussion Forum ◽  
Law School ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Online Discussion Forum ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Politeness Strategies

Through conversation ones establish relationship with others and keep channels open for further relationships. Politeness strategies and issues have been the focus of a number of studies. The way ones request for something to others depends on some factors such as the context they are in and the interlocutors they talk to. This article aims at developing the latest discussion on politeness phenomena by paying attention to the specifics of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) settings specifically an online discussion forum. This article attempts to identify how speech act of request is performed in Top Law School (TLS) online discussion forum. The data were analyzed to observe the forms of speech act of request and the types of speech act of request performed in the online discussion forum. The findings of this paper revealed that the forms of speech act of request are expressed by declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentence. Moreover, the types of speech act of request employed by the users are directive, indirective, and literal speech acts. The writer believes that the study will be beneficial and a good reference for future researchers in conducting research on pragmatics under the same topic. Hopefully, it will enrich readers’ knowledge and understanding of the speech act of request and the politeness in CMC.

Making and Sharing YouTube Videos, History, and YouTube Economics and Advertising

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-62
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Youtube Videos

Less than 2 years after YouTube was created, the search engine giant Google bought the start-up for 1.65 billion dollars. According to the Associated Press, the announcement “came just a few hours after YouTube unveiled three separate agreements with media companies to counter the threat of copyright infringement lawsuits” (Liedtke, 2006). Years later, YouTube's legal concerns continue, as Google has recently lost a court battle, forcing it to remove content from YouTube. Google is appealing the decision to a higher court (Landau & Marquez, 2014). The recent lawsuit is just one example of YouTube's significant and global influence and its deep and abiding connection with larger social concerns and institutions, such as freedom of expression, the power of democracy, and computer-mediated communication. YouTube's history, corporate ownership and influence, cultural recognition as a place that can promote hate speech and bullying tactics, and the continued legal challenges that threaten individual rights to fair use and freedom of expression all define YouTube's power as part of the new evolution of the Internet and Web 2.0. Tempering YouTube's democratic potential and cultural importance is YouTube LLC's predetermined economic goal to increase revenue streams through advertising and content creation. To those ends, YouTube provides detailed instructions on how to make videos and how to advertise. A detailed case-study of one video's path through the creation and advertising process on YouTube illustrates how user-generated videos become YouTube videos.

Virtual Hate Communities in the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Tsunokai ◽  
Allison R. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Function

Technological innovations in computer-mediated communication have helped hate groups to transform themselves into virtual communities. Likeminded individuals are now able to unite from all parts of the globe to promote hatred against visible minorities and other out-groups. Through their online interactions, a sense of place is often created. In this chapter, we explore the content and function of online hate communities. Since bigotry tends to be the cornerstone of virtual hate communities, we highlight the legal debate surrounding the regulation of Internet hate speech; in particular, we address the question: Does the First Amendment protect virtual community members who use the Internet to advocate hate? Next, using data collected from the largest hate website, Stormfront.org, we also investigate how Stormfront members utilize interactive media features to foster a sense of community. Finally, we direct our attention to the future of online hate communities by outlining the issues that need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Making sense of danmu: Coherence in massive anonymous chats on Bilibili.com

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502
Author(s):  
Leticia-Tian Zhang ◽  
Daniel Cassany
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technological Constraints

Although coherence has been widely studied in computer-mediated communication (CMC), insufficient attention has been paid to emergent multimodal forms. This study analyzes a popular commentary system on Chinese and Japanese video-sharing sites – known as danmu or danmaku – where anonymous comments are superimposed on and scroll across the video frame. Through content and multimodal discourse analysis, we unpack danmu-mediated communication analyzing the newest interface (on Bilibili.com), the comments, the interpersonal interactions and the unusual use of the second-person pronoun. Results show that despite the technological constraints (hidden authorship, unmarked sending date and lack of options to structure comments), users construct order in interactions through repetition, danmu-specific expressions and multimodal references, while using playful language to make fun. This study provides an up-to-date analysis on an increasingly popular CMC medium beyond well-studied social networking sites, and broadens the understanding of coherence in contemporary CMC.

scholarly journals Hate Speech: The Phenomenon of Offensive Language

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti ◽  
Zulfan . ◽  
Andi Pratama Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Multicultural Community ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Offensive Language

A characteristic inherent in a democratic State is a guarantee of freedom of opinion and expression by every citizen. However, the space for freedom cannot be misused to express various ideas or views so that it becomes a tool to attack human rights and the freedom of others manifested in the form of hate speech. Acts of hate speech are currently getting more and more attention from various circles, not only for law enforcers and practitioners, politicians, information and communication technology experts. But it is also a very serious concern for the Indonesian government to form and give birth to regulations concerning to handling of hate speech. Moreover, caring for diversity and harmonization in diversity in the era of globalization of information technology is the biggest challenge today. In this study, phenomenology is used as research design whereas purposive sampling from online media is used to collect the data. The aim is to maintain unity in the midst of a multicultural community life such as Batu Bara. On the other hand, the emergence of discussions about hate speech actually gave the object of a new study for linguistics. Based on the linguistic perspective, hate speech is a phenomenon of offensive language that can present linguistic data and can be analyzed linguistically. Therefore, this article conceptually describes the role of linguistics and linguists in understanding and explaining the subject of hate speech.

scholarly journals Network Literacy and Utilization of Electronic Resources Among University Students: The Case of Kabarak University, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Fredrick Omondi Owidi ◽  
Rose Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
The University

Libraries acquire and facilitate access to electronic information resources that support core functions of universities they serve. Despite substantial investments by universities in infrastructures and resources to facilitate access to electronic resources, studies have revealed that these resources are at times not optimally utilized as expected. Network literacy is defined as the knowledge of web-based information resources, ability to effectively use ICT tools to access resources available online, ability to judge the relevance of information retrieved, and capability to use computer-mediated communication tools to manage or utilize the accessed information. The purpose of this study was to assess network literacy and utilization of electronic resources among Kabarak University students in Kenya and consequently provide some insight into usage of networked resources at the university. Objectives of the study entailed assessing users’ awareness of internet applications and utilization of electronic resources; assessing users’ awareness of Social Networking Sites (SNS) and utilization of electronic resources, establishing the levels of user awareness of electronic resources available at Kabarak University, evaluating users’ competencies in using electronic resources and establishing challenges encountered in utilizing electronic resources at Kabarak University.  The study was anchored on the Digital Library model that depicts users’ interaction with networked environments, taking into consideration the various systems involved. The study was undertaken at Kabarak University main campus library. Stratified sampling was used to segregate students and librarians whose opinions were also sought on matters covered by the study. Simple random sampling was used to select students for the study while purposive sampling was employed to select resourceful librarians for the research. The study adopted a descriptive research design and used an approach where qualitative and quantitative data were gathered using a set of structured questionnaires that contained open and close ended questions based on objectives that guided the study. The questionnaires were first pilot – tested at Moi University Eldoret Town campus to determine their validity and also subjected to Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test to determine that acceptable internal reliability levels were attained. These questionnaires were then directly issued to the selected respondents. Analysis of the collected data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 23 and thereafter, responses arranged in themes as appropriate. Frequencies and percentage distributions were used to highlight patterns in the data and facilitate interpretation. Among the findings was that students were aware of existence of electronic resources though some of them were not aware of what these electronic resources entailed specifically, and that among the greatest challenges they faced in using the electronic resources were slow internet connectivity speeds and inadequate points of accessing the internet. The study also established that the library relied majorly on orientation to sensitize students on electronic resources. Reinforcement and regularly conducting orientation programmes were recommended as a means of promoting network literacy at the University.

The Effect of CMC and FTF on Negotiation Outcomes between R&D and Manufacturing Partners in the Supply Chain: An Anglo/Nordic/Latin Comparison

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lincke ◽  
Jan Ulijn
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Latin Culture

AbstractThe growing significance of global electronic commerce has led to the increased use of computer support during negotiation of deals, which until now has been carried out almost exclusively via face-to-face (FTF) communication or other high-feedback media (e. g., telephone), but not via computer-mediated communication (CMC). To analyze this process and its outcomes, the following research questions were examined in this study: How do CMC and FTF contribute to a win-win strategy in negotiation? How do CMC and FTF affect the participants' ability to empathize with each other? Are the negotiation strategies of Anglo, Nordic, and Latin negotiators affected differently depending on the medium? Is the ability of Anglo, Nordic, and Latin negotiators to empathize with each other affected differently depending on the medium? On the basis of our results, we surmise that CMC does not allow negotiators to employ a cooperative win-win strategy (as recommended by negotiation-strategy training). We see significant differences when we examine the use of personal pronouns and speech acts by the Anglo, Nordic, and Latin culture clusters. When we look at the use of cooperative speech acts, a similar situation occurs: in contrast to Anglos, who behave in a cooperative way, Latins are significantly less cooperative and Nordics use many more general speech acts in the CMC setting.

Cyber Rhetoric and Online Ethos

2011 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Kirk St. Amant
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Formal Rules

Online media often create new communication situations. That is, few formal rules govern cyberspace exchanges. For this reason, participants in online forums must often develop “rules of engagement” as they interact. Research in computer-mediated communication (CMC), however, reveals certain discourse trends—particularly related to establishing one’s credibility, or ethos—emerge in these online forums. Such trends might have important implications for how to communicate in the increasingly global environment of cyberspace.

Мовленнєвий код сайтів новин: презентативність та персоналізація

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Наталія Акімова
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Computer Mediated

У статті розглянуто елементи мовленнєвого коду сайтів новин, реалізовані засобами презентативності та персоналізації. Для цього використані методи аналізу та синтезу; описового, лінгвокультурного та концептуальнного аналізу тексту, моделювання, метод семантичних і прагматичних інтерпретацій, контекстне спостереження та порівняльний аналіз. Надано дефініції презентативності та персоналізації, наведено приклади з найбільш популярних новинних сайтів укрнету (Корреспондент.net, LB.ua) та рунету (РосБизнесКонсалтинг, РИА Новости). Висвітлено питання, яким чином ці риси ускладнюють розуміння текстів новин, які вони зумовлюють психологічні та нейролінгвістичні труднощі, які психолінгвістичні механізми залучено в процесі розуміння таких новинних анонсів. Зазначено, що при цьому порушується традиційний комунікативний кодекс та відбувається маніпулювання свідомістю читачів. Користувач несвідомо звертає увагу на такі тексти, мимовільно їх запам’ятовує і потім використовує як кліше або моделі у власному мовленні. У свою чергу, зміна мовленнєвої поведінки призводить до зміни способу мислення і розуміння реальності. Дослідження здійснюється в контексті теорії девіантних мовленнєвих одиниць, досягнень сучасної лінгвістики, когнітивістики, психології та нейронауки. References Akіmova, N. Movlennevі devіacії u movі ukraїns’kih іnternet-ZMІ: tendencіja movy epohi chi zasіb manіpuljuvannja [Speech deviation in the language of Ukrainian online media: the tendency of epoch’s language or means of manipulation]. Retrieved from http://mentalnist-2016.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_49.html.  Kompantseva, L. (2007) Іnternet-Komunіkacіya: Kognіtyvno-Prahmatychnyi ta lіngvokul’turologіchnyi Aspekty [Internet Communication: Cognitive Pragmatic and Linguistic and Cultural Aspects] Extended Abstract of Doctoral dissertation. Kyiv. Filatova, O. G. (2004) Internet kak mass-media [Internet as a media]. Aktual’nye Problemy Teorii Kommunikacii, 232-240. Shchipitsyna, L. (2011). Kompleksnaya Lingvisticheskaya Kharakteristika KompyuternoOposredovannoy Kommunikacii (Na Materiale Nemetskogo Yazyka) [Complex Linguistic Features of Computer-Mediated Communication (Based on the German Language)]. Extended abstract of Doctoral dissertation. Voronezh. Sources Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови / В. Т. Бусел. Київ, Ірпінь: Перун, 2005. Velykyi Tlumachnyi Slovnyk Suchasnoї Ukraїns’koї Movy [Big Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Ukrainian]. (2005). V. Busel, Ed. Kyiv; Irpin: Perun. БТСРЯ – Большой толковый словарь русского языка / Гл. ред. С. А. Кузнецов. СПб. : Норинт, 2009. BTSRYA Bol’shoj Tolkovyj Slovar’ RusskogoYazyka [Big Explanatory Dictionary of Russian]. (2009). S. Kuznetsov, (Ed.). S.-Petersburg: Norint. LB.ua – Новини України від LB.ua: оперативна аналітика української політики, економіки, новини культури та спорту. Retrieved from: http://ukr.lb.ua/ Корреспондент.net – Останні новини України та світу. Корреспондент.net – свіжі новини дня. Retrieved from: http://korrespondent.net/Korrespondent.net РБК – РосБизнесКонсалтинг – новости, акции, курсы валют, погода, доллар, евро. Retrieved from: http://www.rbc.ru/ РИА – Главные новости часа. Лента новостей «РИА Новости». Retrieved from: http://ria.ru/

scholarly journals ‘I refuse to respond to this obvious troll’: an overview of responses to (perceived) trolling

Corpora ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hardaker
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Over Time

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) provides many benefits, including quick, efficient communication over time and space. At the same time, however, the anonymity it offers can give a sense of impunity, an illusion that behaviour is less hurtful than it really is, and a suppression of empathy. In short, CMC can be a fertile ground for conflict, and one particular manifestation of this is trolling. Trolling involves deliberately attacking others online, typically for amusement's sake. In some cases, it can be taken to such an extreme that it clearly violates UK legislation on hate-speech, abuse and menace. Whilst forensic linguistic research into threatening and abusive language is, however, gradually growing ( Carney, 2014 ; Chakraborti, 2010 : 99–123; and Fraser, 1998 ), there is a shortage of research into linguistic aggression online, and particularly research into trolling (see, however, Binns, 2011 ; Herring et al., 2002 ; and Shin, 2008 ). In endeavouring to contribute to this under-researched area, this paper seeks to address the question, ‘How do users respond to (perceived) trolling?’ The answer to this is elaborated through the creation of a working taxonomy of response types, drawn from 3,727 examples of user discussions and accusations of trolling which were extracted from an eighty-six million word Usenet corpus. I conclude this paper by discussing the limitations and applications of this research.

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