scholarly journals A walk in the woods: the effects of ethnicity, social class, and gender among urban Norwegian adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bjerke ◽  
Olve Krange
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives:  The main objective was to study the influences of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors on a popular Norwegian outdoor activity: walking in the woods. Design: Data from the large Young in Oslo 2006 (YiO 2006) youth survey is used to investigate the relationship between ethnic and class background and gender in relation to hiking in the woods. In the representative survey sample, 11 529 adolescent respondents aged 16 to 19 were asked how often they participated in hiking in the woods during the season.  Results: Analyses show that more girls than boys are active hikers and that fewer descendents from non-western immigrants and working-class youngsters are active compared to ethnic Norwegian and middle-class adolescents, respectively. Furthermore, cultural aspects of class seem to be more important than economic ones. A logistic regression analysis shows that the relationship between country of origin and hiking is significantly reduced when class measures are introduced into the model, which implies that the initial difference between ethnic minorities and ethnic Norwegians to some extent can be considered to be a class phenomenon.    Conclusion: Norwegian authorities express great concern over health issues among the large group of non-western descendents in Norway, pointing to the Nordic tradition of outdoor recreation as one means of being physically active. This paper concludes that in the effort to recruit ‘immigrant' youngsters to outdoor activities, one should keep in mind that a large proportion of the minority population also belongs to the working classes.

scholarly journals O TRABALHO COMO CATEGORIA ONTOLÓGICA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA OBRA CINEMATOGRÁFICA “EU, DANIEL BLAKE”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique Zago ◽  
Neiva Solange Silva ◽  
Allan Alberto Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Lima Nunes ◽  
Irineu Aliprando Tuim Viotto Filho
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
Human Formation ◽  
Materialist Theory ◽  
The Relationship

This paper thematizework as an essential category in the human ontological process using as a figurative element of this theme the film "I, Daniel Blake", which is analyzed in the light of dialectical historical materialist theory. Throughout the text we address the relationship between biological and cultural aspects in human formation and development; the role of work as essential in the teleological process of building something not immediately given by nature; the liberating character of this activity which, unlike animals, prey to necessity, enables us to evolve beyond the immediate; the conditions of alienated labor as a threat to this freedom and the impacts of this form of expropriation on subjectivity. We discuss the current precariousness of the living conditions of the working classes. Strangeness as a causative element of conflict and suffering. The film “I Daniel Blake” demonstrates in an artistic way the situation of conflict and suffering experienced by many workers today.

6. The Effects of Involvement in Physical Activity and Organized Athletics on the Prevalence of Peer Victimization in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janell Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Physical activity is encouraged among adolescents to teach healthy living while also protecting youth by reducing the risk of many physical and mental health issues. Involvement in organized athletics, a common avenue for participation in physical activity among adolescents but may also inadvertently contribute to peer victimization. The goal of this paper was to assess if involvement in organized athletics moderates the relationship between physical activity and peer victimization. 21420 adolescent Canadian students completed the 2010 Health Behaviour Survey for School-aged Children, which included measures assessing physical activity, involvement in organized athletics, and involvement in bullying. Moderated regressions indicated that poor health, low physical activity, absence of involvement in organized athletics, lower grade, and gender were associated with increased peer victimization. These findings suggest that although involvement in organized athletics offers adolescents an opportunity to be physically active, it may come at cost due to an increased risk for peer victimization. This research has implications for both practice and policy.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

The Relationship between Body Image and Exercise Adherence in Fitness Centre Exercising Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Brigita Miežienė
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Relationship

Research background and hypothesis. The analysis of factors which might infl uence exercise adherence is important issue for physical activity promotion. Studies show that exercisers’ body image is important factor associated with well being, exercise motivation and specifi c exercise–related behaviour.Research aim was is to examine the relationship between exercise adherence, body image and social physique anxiety in a sample of fi tness centre participants. Research methods. Members of fi tness centres (n = 217, 66 of them were women) provided their answers on exercise experience, in three subscales (appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation) of The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS; Brown et al., 1990) and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart et al., 1989). Mean age of the sample was 29.02 (9.85) years (range = 18–68 years).Research results. Women demonstrated higher appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation and social physique anxiety compared to men. However, we observed no signifi cant differences in appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation in the groups of different exercise experience of men and women. When overweight respondents (≥ 25 kg / m²) were excluded from the analysis, there were no statistically signifi cant differences observed in body image and social physique anxiety in exercise experience groups of men and women. Exercising longer than 6 years signifi cantly predicted overweight preoccupation [95% CI: 1.25–16.94] controlled by age and gender. Discussion and conclusions. Exercising men demonstrated more positive body image and lower social physique anxiety compared to women, except for appearance evaluation. There were observed no body image and social physique relationships with exercise adherence observed in the sample of fi tness centre participants, however, exercise experience longer than 6 years predicted overweight preoccupation.Keywords: body image concerns, exercise experience, self-presentation.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

Leadership and Employee Motivation: Moderating Role of Gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Demand Pull ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Moderating Role

With the present business environment which is creating a strong demand pull for quality and efficient logistics services, core issues are being gradually removed with time but HR issues are still neglected. Motivation can be the key process of boosting the morale of employees to encourage them to willingly give their best in accomplishing assigned tasks. During growth of any sector, dimensions of leadership can have great impact on employee motivation. This research paper analyzes impact of transformational leadership on employee motivation and moderating role of gender. The result shows significant positive correlation between transformational leadership and employee motivation and gender does moderate the relationship.

THE GENDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “POWER” FRAME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY “MACBETH”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. LOBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article studies the cognitive features of the “power” frame and its gender implementation in the historical tragedy by W. Shakespeare “Macbeth”. Here, the author examines the concepts of “frame” and “gender” in linguistics, studying different approaches to their definition. The relevance of this work is determined by the close attention of the contemporary linguistics to these concepts, as well as their place in the contemporary academic paradigm. The academic affirmation of the “frame” and “gender” concepts designates a new step in understanding the ways and peculiarities of the language interaction, consciousness, and culture, and, consequently, it shows new aspects of the relationship of linguistics with other sciences. Nevertheless, the problems of both frame and gender are not yet fully understood. This study allows describing in detail the essence of the frame “power” and showing its meaning, use, and ways of its gender implementation in fiction, which explains the novelty of this article. The study’s methodology is based on the cognitive-discursive analysis of the text, as well as on an integrative approach to the discourse study, which combines methods of both cognitive and gender linguistics, as well as the discourse analysis. Common research methods were used along with private linguistic methods. The application of cognitive-discursive analysis has significantly increased the depth of understanding of the “power” frame that dominates Shakespeare’s historical tragedy. This historical text presents the central theme of political tragedy: the overthrow of the rightful ruler and the usurpation of power. The motive for the seizure of power forms a thematic core and is presented from the usurpers’ point of view. In this article, the author observes the gender shift and duality of the female and male beginnings: Shakespeare puts the female protagonist, hungry for power, among men, thus the images of Lady Macbeth and her husband come into conflict with the gender characteristics attributed to them. The play clearly traces the main idea of Machiavellianism: the goal justifies the means. The results conclude that the “power” frame is the leading one in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, thus setting one of the main themes of this tragedy.

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