Navigating the Bureaucracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Small ◽  
Jason Kordosky ◽  
Ross Moore

This chapter addresses how homeless people navigate bureaucracy. It shows how social institutions, in addition to providing needed functions and services, help to construct what it feels like to be homeless. There are six characteristics of a bureaucracy. First, it is courteous but impersonal. The impersonality of the modern bureaucracy was designed in service of fairness and impartiality; it was intended to counter favoritism. Bureaucracy is also run according to written records and it is hierarchical. Another feature of bureaucratic institutions is rules and regulations. Even for those skilled in navigating the bureaucracy, there is something crazy-making about the structures that most homeless must inhabit. So much of one's life circumstances as a homeless person seeking help is a Catch-22, the term coined to describe what bureaucracies do to people. Its formal definition is this: a dilemma or difficult circumstance from which there is no escape because of mutually conflicting or dependent conditions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Cendrowicz

HOMELESS PERSON AS PART OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONHomelessness is a large problem nowadays. People who are homeless are faced with many social disadvantages which are very difficult for them. They don’t have any place of permanent resi­dence, they lose relationships with their families and they don’t have jobs. For these reasons the aim of this article is to describe impact of homeless people on changes in the structure of local self-government administration responsible for providing them shelter in the light of provisions of the act of September 5, 2016 amending the Act of March 12, 2004 on Social Assistance. Any amendment in law which regulates the structure of entities responsible for providing homeless shelter or standards of their services, should take into consideration any legal and non-legal consequence which it can cause. However, it is hard to predict all consequences, especially these negative, which amendments in law can cause.


Author(s):  
A.A. Baqytzhanova ◽  
◽  
G.T. Alimbekova ◽  
A.B. Shabdenova ◽  
◽  
...  

According to the UN Foundation, 400 women are killed every year as a result of domestic violence in Kazakhstan. For this reason, divorce rates are also increasing. There are thousands of cause of this social problem, and the social consequences can be burdensome for all social institutions if prevention measures are not currently studied and developed. For children who have seen their father beaten and humiliated in the family, this event becomes a “historical root” in the child’s memory. The Kazakh proverb about what you see from the nest, in interviews with our respondents, proved how the trace of their husbands’ childhood affected their family. Researchers say that children who have seen their mothers beaten by their fathers change their image of ‘mum’. Research on the topic has been conducted by the Public Opinion Research Center in December2019. Analysis and processing of research materials have been conducted until the end of March 2020. The purpose of the research: to identify the causes of domestic violence against women in Kazakhstani families, based on cases of women seeking help from the crisis center in Almaty.


2016 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leonard Williams ◽  
Sarah Hogg

<p style="margin-bottom: 0.46cm; line-height: 150%; widows: 0; orphans: 0;"><span style="font-family: Palatino Linotype,serif;"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-family: Palatino Linotype,serif;"><span lang="en-GB">A significant number of homeless people own dogs, with these animals contributing to the well-being of their owners by providing emotional support and in many cases, a reason for living as well as acting as what might be termed a social catalyst improving bonds between their owners. Yet many consider that homeless people should not be allowed, let alone encouraged to keep a dog. They consider that living with a homeless people must have a negative impact on the dog’s health and welfare compared to that of a dog owned by people with a home. Here we sought to determine the health and welfare of dogs owned by homeless people, comparing 50 dogs owned by homeless people with 50 owned by people living in a home. In contradistinction to the negative view noted above, we found that dogs owned by homeless people were healthy animals, less likely to be obese, had fewer behaviour issues such as aggression to strangers and separation anxiety  when compared to dogs owned by people living in a conventional home. We suggest that these findings should be taken into account when deciding whether a homeless person with a dog should be allowed into a hostel, and indeed the general attitude of the public to homeless people living with a dog by their side on the street</span></span></span></span></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Chotkowska

Analysis of the causes of homelessness and attempts to change their situation among homeless people with higher education are the purpose of the presented article. Losing home among people with higher education is not a common topic of research and analysis. In society, a homeless person is associated rather with an uneducated person. In order to analyze the reasons, the general situation and actions taken to overcome homelessness, five individual in-depth interviews with homeless men from the Mazovia region were carried out. All respondents completed university studies. Among the respondents, the main causes of homelessness are addictions and conflicts in marriage. The respondents admit that it is difficult for them to improve their situation, especially in terms of raising professional qualifications. They have education, so they mostly wonder what other actions they could take. Completed studies show that leaving homelessness, even with a university degree, is not easy. There is no effective system of help for homeless people in this group of people – they are offered jobs or courses and training definitely not corresponding to their possibilities and education.


The article deals with the problem of the influence of information technologies, in particular, Blockchain on the transformation of social relations, especially on the production of knowledge. The influence of the Blockchain technology on the transformation of the knowledge infrastructure and social institutions is analyzed. The possibilities of a decentralized model of the Blockchain to achieve social consensus, the realization of freedom, equality are problematized. It is noted, as at the expense of the built-in system of algorithms of self-regulation, opportunities for social self-management, circulation and renewal of knowledge, which allows to form a new knowledge economy. It is indicated how the Blockchain’s decentralization allows to eliminate the mediation of bureaucratic institutions, stimulating development, creating conditions for the configuration of knowledge that correspond to the latest interdisciplinary knowledge processes.


Author(s):  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia ◽  
Ana Maria Sanches ◽  
Cidia Vasconcellos

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever sobre a pessoa em situação de rua, desigualdade social e pobreza, baseado na falta ou ineficiência do Estado em propor políticas públicas eficazes. Realizou-se um levantamento da produção científica publicadas a partir de 2009, nas bases de dados da SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, pela escassez ainda de literatura sobre o assunto, foram também utilizadas, dissertação, anais, livros, TCC e decretos. No Brasil a desigualdade já se tornou histórica, desde o tempo colonial, a situação de rua é um assunto que se trata por diferentes políticas públicas. As pessoas que vivenciam a situação de rua vem acrescentado por diferentes causas, tais como: condição de pobreza, desemprego estrutural, migração, estado de conflitos familiares, entre outros. Viver em situação de rua é um enigma, não só social, mas de saúde pública. Conclui-se que a pessoa em situação de rua convive em uma espécie de pobreza ou extrema pobreza, miséria e exclusão social com prejuízo progressivo da condição de vida e sofrem com a negatividade do Estado dos seus direitos fundamentais.Descritores: Pessoa em Situação de Rua, Desigualdade Social, Pobreza e Políticas Públicas. People in the street situation and social inequality: a public policy issueAbstract: The aim of this study was to describe the homeless person, social inequality and poverty, based on the State's lack or inefficiency in proposing effective public policies. A survey of the scientific production published from 2009, in the databases of SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, due to the lack of literature on the subject, were also used, dissertation, annals, books, TCC and decrees. In Brazil, inequality has already become historical, since colonial times, the street situation is a matter that is dealt with by different public policies. People who experience homelessness have been added by different causes, such as: poverty condition, structural unemployment, migration, family conflict status, among others. Living on the streets is not only a social but a public health conundrum. It is concluded that the homeless person lives in a kind of poverty or extreme poverty, misery and social exclusion with progressive loss of living conditions and suffer from the negativity of the State of their fundamental rights.Descriptors: Homeless People, Social Inequality, Poverty and Public Policy. Persona en la situación de la calle y desigualdad social: un problema de política públicaResumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir a las personas sin hogar, la desigualdad social y la pobreza, en función de la falta o ineficiencia del Estado al proponer políticas públicas efectivas. También se utilizó una encuesta sobre la producción científica publicada desde 2009, en las bases de datos de SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, debido a la falta de literatura sobre el tema, dissertación, anales, libros, TCC y decretos. En Brasil, la desigualdad ya se ha vuelto histórica, desde la época de la colonia, la situación de la calle es un asunto que se aborda con diferentes políticas públicas. Las personas que experimentan la falta de vivienda han sido agregadas por diferentes causas, tales como: condición de pobreza, desempleo estructural, migración, situación de conflicto familiar, entre otras. Vivir en la calle no es solo un enigma social sino también de salud pública. Se concluye que la persona sin hogar vive en una especie de pobreza o extrema pobreza, miseria y exclusión social con pérdida progresiva de las condiciones de vida y sufre la negatividad del Estado de sus derechos fundamentales.Descriptores: Personas sin hogar, Desigualdad social, Pobreza y Políticas Públicas.


Author(s):  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia ◽  
Ana Maria Sanches ◽  
Cidia Vasconcellos

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever sobre a pessoa em situação de rua, desigualdade social e pobreza, baseado na falta ou ineficiência do Estado em propor políticas públicas eficazes. Realizou-se um levantamento da produção científica publicadas a partir de 2009, nas bases de dados da SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, pela escassez ainda de literatura sobre o assunto, foram também utilizadas, dissertação, anais, livros, TCC e decretos. No Brasil a desigualdade já se tornou histórica, desde o tempo colonial, a situação de rua é um assunto que se trata por diferentes políticas públicas. As pessoas que vivenciam a situação de rua vem acrescentado por diferentes causas, tais como: condição de pobreza, desemprego estrutural, migração, estado de conflitos familiares, entre outros. Viver em situação de rua é um enigma, não só social, mas de saúde pública. Conclui-se que a pessoa em situação de rua convive em uma espécie de pobreza ou extrema pobreza, miséria e exclusão social com prejuízo progressivo da condição de vida e sofrem com a negatividade do Estado dos seus direitos fundamentais.Descritores: Pessoa em Situação de Rua, Desigualdade Social, Pobreza e Políticas Públicas. People in the street situation and social inequality: a public policy issueAbstract: The aim of this study was to describe the homeless person, social inequality and poverty, based on the State's lack or inefficiency in proposing effective public policies. A survey of the scientific production published from 2009, in the databases of SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, due to the lack of literature on the subject, were also used, dissertation, annals, books, TCC and decrees. In Brazil, inequality has already become historical, since colonial times, the street situation is a matter that is dealt with by different public policies. People who experience homelessness have been added by different causes, such as: poverty condition, structural unemployment, migration, family conflict status, among others. Living on the streets is not only a social but a public health conundrum. It is concluded that the homeless person lives in a kind of poverty or extreme poverty, misery and social exclusion with progressive loss of living conditions and suffer from the negativity of the State of their fundamental rights.Descriptors: Homeless People, Social Inequality, Poverty and Public Policy. Persona en la situación de la calle y desigualdad social: un problema de política públicaResumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir a las personas sin hogar, la desigualdad social y la pobreza, en función de la falta o ineficiencia del Estado al proponer políticas públicas efectivas. También se utilizó una encuesta sobre la producción científica publicada desde 2009, en las bases de datos de SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, LILACS, debido a la falta de literatura sobre el tema, dissertación, anales, libros, TCC y decretos. En Brasil, la desigualdad ya se ha vuelto histórica, desde la época de la colonia, la situación de la calle es un asunto que se aborda con diferentes políticas públicas. Las personas que experimentan la falta de vivienda han sido agregadas por diferentes causas, tales como: condición de pobreza, desempleo estructural, migración, situación de conflicto familiar, entre otras. Vivir en la calle no es solo un enigma social sino también de salud pública. Se concluye que la persona sin hogar vive en una especie de pobreza o extrema pobreza, miseria y exclusión social con pérdida progresiva de las condiciones de vida y sufre la negatividad del Estado de sus derechos fundamentales.Descriptores: Personas sin hogar, Desigualdad social, Pobreza y Políticas Públicas.


10.3823/2384 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelissa Andrade Virgínio de Oliveira ◽  
Rita de Cassia Cordeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Khivia Kiss da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Ana Valéria Machado Mendonça ◽  
Maria Fátima de Sousa ◽  
...  

Introduction: The Tuberculosis (TB) keeps being a big public health problem in the world, having the poverty, the bad life condition, the bad income distribution, the social iniquity and the disability on the health system as a substrate to its maintenance. Objective: To identify the scientific knowledge produced under the access to the health service of the homeless person sick by TB. Method: Integrative literature review conducted from April to June, 2016, having as inclusion criteria: publications written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published from 1990 to 2015, indexed on the data basis: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and Web of Science and portals Virtual Health Library (VHL) and MEDLINE/PubMed, that had the text completely available online. As searching strategy was used the Boolean operator AND, with the descriptors: Tuberculosis, health services accessibility; homeless persons. To obtain the information that answered the research guideline question was elaborated a form that contemplated the following items: identification, theme, descriptors or key-words, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, conclusions and references. The search resulted in 51 articles that, observed with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in 10 complete articles. The data analyzes was made in qualitative terms, summarized in three categories: I) Specific characteristics of the homeless people access to the health services to tuberculosis diagnostic and treatment; II) Access difficulty to the health care: factors related to homeless people and factors related to health services; III) Strategies to overcome the access difficulties of the homeless person (HLP)  to the health care. Results: pointed that the homeless people have a higher risk to get sick by TB, presenting TB incidence rate 10 to 20 times higher than the general population. Many obstacles that limited those people access to the health services were identified. Many times they presented difficulty to identify the appropriated place to search for assistance and not always this place had the opened doors to this social group. Another important finding treats about the low adhesion to the TB treatment, because treating about the search for health care, the homeless people are less inclined to search the health services, seen that living on the street implies in a daily fight for survival. To those people, the sickness treatment has a lower priority than the meal obtaining, the searching for shelter, or the search for a job. Discussion: It was observed that by the fact to be exposed to many risk factors, such as: alcoholism, chemical dependence, environmental exposition, inadequate sleeping accommodations, crowed shelters, stress, psycho disturbs, poverty, HIV infection, weak nutrition, affected immunity through the pre-existent conditions, lack of access to health services, cognitive affection and the adverse effects to the health by the lack of home, the homeless people have high risk to get sick and the high TB mortality rate if compared to the general population. Thus it is evident the serious problem that this disease represents to this specific group, justifying urgently the necessity of specific actions to the TB control in this population. The most important element during the TB elimination will be a significant decreasing of the agglomerations, on the poverty and the barriers to the health care. To increase the access to the health care is essential on the homeless population TB control. It is necessary to highlight that when health services that attends their necessity are provided, the homeless individuals will access to the health care at the same rhythm as the general population. Conclusion: It is necessary that the health actions break the strictly technical caring barriers and include the psychosocial and educative perspective in all the health care process to homeless people with different conformations due to the individuals’ singularities and their scenarios. Thus, the search by the more integral care and, therefore, more efficient possible, it is wait that be included on the health team daily work, routines and process to a systematic search for the health necessities, and developed abilities to recognize the adequacy of the offers to the specific context, in which is given the meeting from the individual and the team. Keywords: Tuberculosis; health services accessibility; homeless persons.


Author(s):  
L. Sinova

The article examines the features of the legal status of child neglect and homelessness, determines the place of this category of persons in society and the state. Child neglect and homelessness are considered as a separate category that needs social and legal protection from the state and charitable organizations, especially during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Today, the problem of homeless people and homeless children in Ukraine distorts the social environment, destroys the physical, mental and spiritual health of people, reduces their vital, social and creative activity, worsens morale, as well as creates tension in society. The main reasons for this situation were a sharp decline in income and living standards due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and structural changes in the economy, unprofitability of many manufacturing enterprises, imperfect financial and credit mechanisms, the sharp increase in existing and hidden unemployment, unpreparedness of training and social institutions, as well as law enforcement agencies to work with such categories of the population in the market conditions. The general principles of social protection of homeless persons and homeless children established by the legislation are determined. It provides legal regulation for relations in society, which are aimed at realization by homeless persons and homeless children of their rights and freedoms provided by the Constitution and legislation of Ukraine. It also creates conditions for public and charitable organizations working in the field of social protection. The conditions and active growth of the number of homeless people and homeless children during quarantine are studied. The author points out the need to comply with the current legislation in the field of social and legal protection of this category of persons, especially during quarantine, as health should be a strategic direction of human life. Thus, the state should protect and help homeless citizens and homeless children according to the Constitution of Ukraine, as a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value. The maintenance and upbringing of orphans and children deprived of parental care is the responsibility of the state. Keywords: homelessness, child neglect, life circumstances, health care, quarantine, social assistance, social services, orphanhood.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krajewska-Kułak ◽  
U. Wejda ◽  
A. Kułak-Bejda ◽  
C. Łukaszuk ◽  
B. Repka ◽  
...  

Introduction: People who are homeless are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure, and adequate housing, or they lack a “fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence”. Purpose: To assess the attitude of secondaryschool students, high-school students, university students, and working adults towards homeless people. Materials and methods: A survey of 420 randomly selected middle school students (n=120), high school students (n=100), university students (n=100), and working adults (n=100) was conducted. Nearly half of the participants reported a fear of homeless people. Results: According to the majority of respondents, a homeless person collects scrap metal and waste paper, and also begs. The first words that come to mind when a majority of people think of the homeless were: poor, unhappy, dirty, lonely, and smelly. The participants reported the main reasons for homelessness to be: joblessness, family problems, alcohol, helplessness, and avoiding work. The majority of respondents argued that social and legal problems are the main reasons that it is difficult for homeless people to extricate themselves from their situation. The groups surveyed had a variety of opinions about homelessness. According to most respondents, a homeless person is a poor, miserable, lonely, childless man with a vocational education who begs, collects scrap metal and waste paper, and is also usually dirty and smelly. Conclusions: In the survey groups, respondents’ opinions about homelessness varied.


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