scholarly journals A review of microscopic analysis of blood cells for disease detection with AI perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e460
Author(s):  
Nilkanth Mukund Deshpande ◽  
Shilpa Gite ◽  
Rajanikanth Aluvalu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Blood Cell Morphology

Background Any contamination in the human body can prompt changes in blood cell morphology and various parameters of cells. The minuscule images of blood cells are examined for recognizing the contamination inside the body with an expectation of maladies and variations from the norm. Appropriate segmentation of these cells makes the detection of a disease progressively exact and vigorous. Microscopic blood cell analysis is a critical activity in the pathological analysis. It highlights the investigation of appropriate malady after exact location followed by an order of abnormalities, which assumes an essential job in the analysis of various disorders, treatment arranging, and assessment of results of treatment. Methodology A survey of different areas where microscopic imaging of blood cells is used for disease detection is done in this paper. Research papers from this area are obtained from a popular search engine, Google Scholar. The articles are searched considering the basics of blood such as its composition followed by staining of blood, that is most important and mandatory before microscopic analysis. Different methods for classification, segmentation of blood cells are reviewed. Microscopic analysis using image processing, computer vision and machine learning are the main focus of the analysis and the review here. Methodologies employed by different researchers for blood cells analysis in terms of these mentioned algorithms is the key point of review considered in the study. Results Different methodologies used for microscopic analysis of blood cells are analyzed and are compared according to different performance measures. From the extensive review the conclusion is made. Conclusion There are different machine learning and deep learning algorithms employed by researchers for segmentation of blood cell components and disease detection considering microscopic analysis. There is a scope of improvement in terms of different performance evaluation parameters. Different bio-inspired optimization algorithms can be used for improvement. Explainable AI can analyze the features of AI implemented system and will make the system more trusted and commercially suitable.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Gpu and Cpu based Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of White Blood Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-559
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Image Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Vast Number

White blood cell (Leukocytes) is made up of bone marrow located in the blood and lymph tissue. They are portion of the human body’s immune system, thereby helping the body system to fight against infection and other related diseases. The number of leukocytes in the blood is usually part of a complete blood cell (CBC) test, which may be used to check for conditions such as infection, inflammation, allergies, and leukemia. Automation of variance count of leukocytes offers valuable information to medical pathologist to diagnose and treat of many blood based diseases. Early characterization and classification of blood sample is a major lacuna in the medical field, giving rise to lots of challenges for pathologist to adequately predict blood based disease. Several successful efforts have been made to address the aforementioned challenges with the use of machine learning generally and Convolution Neural Network in particular. However the processor configuration which can result in real time, and accurate classification of the high dimensional pattern is imminent, and a vast number of researchers are not explicit on the system configuration used to obtain the result in their report, which is the crux of this research. In this research,12,500 augment images of blood cells was obtained from the Kaggle Repository online. The leukocytes are contained in the blood smear image and categorized into five major types of their types: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte. The color, geometric and texture features are used by the pathologists to differentiate the leukocytes. The Simulation was done using python programing language and python libraries including Keras, pandas, sklearn, numpy, scipy and matplot for potting of graphs of results. The simulation was done on both CPU and GPU processor to compare the performance of the processors on CNNs based classification of the data. While CPU has faster clock speed GPU has more cores. Hence the evaluation metrics used which are precision, specificity, sensitivity, training accuracy and validation accuracy revealed that GPU processor outperforms CPU in terms of the stated metrics of comparison. Therefore a high configuration processor (GPU), which handles graphics better is recommended for processing image data that involves the use of machine learning techniques

scholarly journals Changes in white blood cells in sheep blood during selenium supplementation

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pisek ◽  
J. Travnicek ◽  
J. Salat ◽  
V. Kroupova ◽  
M. Soch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of selenium supplementation on white blood cell parameters in the blood of ewes. The total white blood cell (WBC) and differentiation of leukocytes in blood smear were detected by a microscopic analysis, and the CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> subsets were detected by flow cytometry. A decrease in the count of WBC was recorded during pregnancy; it was statistically significant only in the group supplemented with organic selenium. In the postpartal period there was a statistically significant increase in the percentages of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> subsets but differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The results of the experiment documented that the supplementation of different forms of selenium did not markedly influence the dynamics of blood parameters in non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes if the intake of vitamins and other essential microelements was adequate.

The Wellcome Foundation Lecture, 1986 - The molecular regulators of normal and leukaemic blood cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 231 (1264) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
External Source ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Leukaemic Cells ◽  
Differentiation Inducers

The development of a cell-culture system for the cloning and clonal differentiation of different types of blood cell has made it possible to identify: (i), the proteins that regulate growth and differentiation of different cell lineages in normal and leukaemic blood cells; (ii), the molecular basis of normal and abnormal control of cell development in blood-forming tisue; and (iii), how to suppress malignancy in leukaemic cells. By using myeloid blood cells as a model system, it has been shown that normal blood cells require different proteins to induce cell viability and multiplication (growth-inducers) and differentiation (differentiation- inducers), that there is a hierarchy of growth-inducers which act at various stages of cell development, and that a growth-inducer can switch on production of a differentiation-inducer. Gene cloning has established a multigene family for these proteins. Identification of these proteins and their interaction has shown how growth and differentiation are regulated in normal development and demonstrated the mechanisms that uncouple growth and differentiation so as to produce malignant cells. Normal cells require an external source of growth-inducing protein for cell viability and multiplication. Cells can become leukaemic by genetically changing this normal requirement for growth without blocking response to normal differentiation-inducers. The mature cells induced by adding these normal protein-inducers are then no longer malignant. Other genetic changes which inhibit differentiation by the normal blood-cell regulatory proteins can occur in the evolution of leukaemia. But even these leukaemic cells may still be induced to differentiate by other compounds that can induce differentiation by alternative pathways. The differentiation of leukaemic to mature cells, which stops the cells from multiplying, results in the suppression of malignancy by bypassing genetic changes that produce the malignant phenotype. The activity of blood-cell growth-and differentiation-inducing proteins has been shown in culture and in the body. They can, therefore, be clinically useful to correct defects in the development of normal and leukaemic blood cells.

Evaluation of a Flow-Cytometric Osmotic Fragility Test for Hereditary Spherocytosis in Chinese Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Feng Tao ◽  
Zeng-Fu Deng ◽  
Lin Liao ◽  
Yu-Ling Qiu ◽  
Xue-Lian Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Blood Cell Morphology

Background: Osmotic fragility testing based on flow cytometry was recently introduced for the screening of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of a flow-cytometric osmotic fragility test for HS. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 237 subjects at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, including 56 HS patients, 86 thalassemia patients and 95 healthy controls. The samples were examined by flow-cytometric osmotic fragility test and the percentage of residual red blood cells was used to determine HS. Peripheral blood smears were performed to examine the red blood cell morphology. Results: With clinical diagnosis of HS as the gold standard and the percentage of residual red blood cells <23.6% as the diagnostic threshold in the flow-cytometric osmotic fragility test, the sensitivity of the flow-cytometric osmotic fragility test for HS was 85.71% and the specificity was 97.24%. Conclusion: The flow-cytometric osmotic fragility test combined with a red blood cell morphology test by peripheral blood smear could be a simple, practical and accurate laboratory screening method for HS.

scholarly journals Hemagglutination by B. fragilis is mediated by capsular polysaccharides and is influenced by host ABO blood type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Arnolds ◽  
Nancy Moreno-Huizar ◽  
Maggie A. Stanislawski ◽  
Brent Palmer ◽  
Catherine Lozupone
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Abo Blood Type

Bacterial hemagglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) is mediated by interactions between bacterial cell components and RBC envelope glycans that vary across individuals by ABO blood type. ABO glycans are also expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and in most individuals secreted into the intestinal mucosa, indicating that hemagglutination by bacteria may be informative about bacteria-host interactions in the intestine. Bacteroides fragilis, a prominent member of the human gut microbiota, can hemagglutinate RBCs by an unknown mechanism. Using a novel technology for quantifying bacterial hemagglutination, genetic knockout strains of B. fragilis and blocking antiserums, we demonstrate that the capsular polysaccharides of B. fragilis, polysaccharide B (PSB), and PSC are both strong hemagglutinins. Furthermore, the capacity of B. fragilis to hemagglutinate was much stronger in individuals with Type O blood compared to Types A and B, an adaptation that could impact the capacity of B. fragilis to colonize and thrive in the host.Importance StatementThis study found that the human pathobiont, B. fragilis, hemagglutinates human red blood cells using specific capsular polysaccharides (PSB and PSC) which are known to be important for interacting with and influencing host immune responses. Because the factors found on red blood cells are also abundantly expressed on other tissues and in the mucous, the ability to hemagglutinate sheds light on interactions between bacteria and host throughout the body. Intriguingly, the strength of hemagglutination varied based on the ABO blood type of the host, a finding which could have implications for understanding if an individual’s blood type may influence interactions with B. fragilis and its potential as a pathogen versus a commensal.

scholarly journals Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbra Pallas, 1814) plasma biochemistry and hematology reference intervals including blood cell morphology

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0246982
Author(s):  
Carla B. Schubiger ◽  
M. Elena Gorman ◽  
Jennifer L. Johns ◽  
Mary R. Arkoosh ◽  
Joseph P. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Plasma Biochemistry ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Morphology

Plasma biochemistry and hematology reference intervals are integral health assessment tools in all medical fields, including aquatic animal health. As sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) are becoming aquaculturally and economically more important, this manuscript provides essential reference intervals (RI) for their plasma biochemistry and hematology along with reference photomicrographs of blood cells in healthy, fasted sablefish. Blood cell morphology can differ between fish species. In addition, blood cell counts and blood chemistry can vary between fish species, demographics, water conditions, seasons, diets, and culture systems, which precludes the use of RI’s from other fish species. For this study, blood was collected for plasma biochemistry and hematology analysis between June 20 and July 18, 2019, from healthy, yearling sablefish, hatched and reared in captivity on a commercial diet. Overnight fast of 16–18 hours did not sufficiently reduce lipids in the blood, which led to visible lipemia and frequent rupture of blood cells during analysis. Therefore, sablefish should be fasted for 24 to 36 hours before blood is collected to reduce hematology artifacts or possible reagent interference in plasma biochemistry analysis. Lymphocytes were the most dominant leukocytes (98%), while eosinophils were rare, and basophils were not detected in sablefish. Neutrophils were very large cells with Döhle bodies. In mammals and avian species, Döhle bodies are usually signs of toxic change from inflammation, but no such association was found in these fish. In conclusion, lipemia can interfere with sablefish blood analysis, and available removal methods should be evaluated as fasting for up to 36 h might not always be feasible. Also, more studies are required to establish RI for different developmental stages and rearing conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular Rotors as intracellular probes of Red Blood Cell stiffness

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Briole ◽  
Thomas Podgorski ◽  
Berengere Abou
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Rotors ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Essential Parameter

The deformability of red blood cells is an essential parameter that controls the rheology of blood as well as its circulation in the body. Characterizing the rigidity of the cells...

scholarly journals Studi Standarisasi Radioterapi Cobalt-60 Terhadap Kuantitas Sel Darah Pada Penderita Kanker Serviks (Cancer Cervics) Di Rsup Sanglah Denpasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Retianingsih Oeta Ulan ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Sutapa ◽  
Wayan Balik Sudarsana
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Fractionation Method

After doing research with Title Study of Cobalt-60 radiotherapy Standards Against Quantity Blood Cells In Patients with Cervical Cancer (Cancer Cervics) at Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar. This study uses secondary data such as a complete blood from each patient with cervical cancer in 2015 that radiotherapy with fractionation method. The amount of patient data used in this study is 5 pieces. The quantity of blood cells that are analyzed include RBC, HGB, WBC and WBC Components (LY, EO, EO, BA, NE, MO). Fractionation dose is 800-5800cGy. The results of data analysis showed that each blood cell components are still within the range of 2-50%, so a method of radiotherapy is still fit for use.

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