scholarly journals Give the people what they want: studying end-user needs for enhancing the web

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak Yeon Lee ◽  
Benjamin B. Bederson
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
End Users ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
End User ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
The People ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
The Web

End-user programming (EUP) is a common approach for helping ordinary people create small programs for their professional or daily tasks. Since end-users may not have programming skills or strong motivation for learning them, tools should provide what end-users want with minimal costs of learning –i.e., they must decrease the barriers to entry. However, it is often hard to address these needs, especially for fast-evolving domains such as the Web. To better understand these existing and ongoing challenges, we conducted two formative studies with Web users –a semi-structured interview study, and a Wizard-of-Oz study. The interview study identifies challenges that participants have with their daily experiences on the Web. The Wizard-of-Oz study investigates how participants would naturally explain three computational tasks to an interviewer acting as a hypothetical computer agent. These studies demonstrate a disconnect between what end-users want and what existing EUP systems support, and thus open the door for a path towards better support for end user needs. In particular, our findings include: (1) analysis of challenges that end-users experience on the Web with solutions; (2) seven core functionalities of EUP for addressing these challenges; (3) characteristics of non-programmers describing three common computation tasks; (4) design implications for future EUP systems.

Strategies for Managing EUC on the Web

2002 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
R. Ryan Nelson ◽  
Peter Todd
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
World Wide ◽  
End Users ◽  
Web Technology ◽  
End User ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

Beginning in the early 1980s, end-user computing (EUC) began to permeate organizations following the advent of the personal computer and a host of applications directed at the non-IS professional. Along with EUC came a whole new set of organizational opportunities and risks. Ten years later, the World Wide Web has opened the door to a yet more powerful set of EUC applications capable of reaching well beyond the boundaries of the organization. Indeed, Web technology permits end users to design applications that are immediately accessible by unlimited numbers of people from anywhere in the world. As a result, EUC using Web technology has introduced a whole new set of opportunities and risks for organizations. The purpose of this research is to examine what strategies organizations are using in their attempt to maximize the benefits of the Web for end users while mitigating the inherent risks. To this end, individuals from 12 major organizations were surveyed via the Web. The results indicate that while organizations seem to be doing an adequate job of establishing roles and standards, mechanisms for resource allocation, development management, and maintenance appear to be lacking. In fact, most firms seem to be relying on a monopolist control strategy at this point in time. While such a strategy may be the best approach given the relative infancy of Web technology, it could prove to be an unstable strategy in the long run given the reach, range and flexibility of access that Web technology provides. Organizations are encouraged to take a proactive, formal posture toward EUC development on the Web.

Neurotechnologies and Justice by, with, and for Disabled People

2019 ◽  
pp. 615-632
Author(s):  
Sara Goering ◽  
Eran Klein
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
End Users ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Device Design ◽  
End User ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
User Input

Neurotechnologies under development are often explicitly justified in terms of the advantages they will provide to disabled people. Thus, it would seem important to know what disabled people want from current and future iterations of these technologies and how they experience the functional barriers the technologies are meant to address. Ensuring that disabled people want what is designed requires attention to “end user” needs and values. The paradigmatic form of end user input in device design focuses on device acceptability, usually happens late in the development process, and is oriented to economic viability. But seeking out and taking seriously the perspectives of disabled people (potential end users) should be grounded at least in part by considerations of justice, including both distribution and recognition.

Enhancing Trust in E-Commerce in Developing IT Environments

2012 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Iwara Arikpo ◽  
Adenike Osofisan ◽  
Idongesit E. Eteng
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Internet Infrastructure ◽  
The People ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Advanced Information Technology ◽  
User Trust

Most research in e-commerce and trust have assumed advanced information technology (IT) infrastructural environments, so results from these studies have little impact on Developing IT environments, where internet infrastructure is still at the developmental stage, and the people are used to traditional commercial methods. This situation affects the level of trust and participation of end-users in e-commerce. This paper presents a unique approach for enhancing trust in e-commerce in less-advanced IT environments, with a perspective on feedback mechanisms in e-commerce websites. Survey results support the importance of feedback in promoting and sustaining end-user trust in online market environments.

Harnessing knowledge of building end-users: identifying knowledge brokers that matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Zehra Waheed ◽  
Stephen O. Ogunlana
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
End Users ◽  
User Needs ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Core Network ◽  
End User ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Brokers

Purpose This study aims to investigate projects as social exchange networks, focussing on identifying knowledge brokers within the project network where they are key holders and disseminators of end-user needs. The purpose is to augment current theory through a practice lens so that building end-user requirements can be better incorporated in evolving project ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive, an inductive case study is used to map knowledge brokers during a complex construction and co-location project. During the wider study, a variety of methods including archival data, interviews and questionnaires along with social network analysis (SNA) were used. The mixed methodology used has been pivotal in the triangulation of data from various sources. However, the output of SNA presented in this paper relies mostly on interviews and questionnaires administered to the project’s core network. Network relationships were mapped with knowledge of user requirements, being the key determinant of the binary relationships between actors. Findings The research found certain roles to be central knowledge brokers of knowledge related to end-user processes, including real estate and strategic planning, building operations and management, human and environmental factors, planning and project management and facility and service delivery. The knowledge of the above roles, albeit in a contextually situated case study, augments current understanding of which roles to tap on during project execution for better representation of end-user needs. Practical implications The research site is representative of a complex network of construction project stakeholders, including several categories of end-users and their representatives. The study demonstrates the use of the project-as-practice approach, whereby project theory is seen to emerge directly from practice. This has impact on practice as emergent theory about knowledge transfer and knowledge brokerage is essentially practice-led and hence more useful and relate-able to practitioners. Originality/value Research presented here is novel in terms of its approach towards understanding end-user needs such as need for privacy, control, attachment and interaction during construction projects. This is done through the identification of relevant knowledge brokers. The study uses SNA as an analytical tool to map knowledge transfers through the project’s network. End-user requirements are usually captured in the front-end of projects as specifications and deliverables, as new challenges emerge during execution, changes are required to the project’s direction and outcomes. It is therefore imperative that end-user needs are re-identified through knowledge brokers holding key knowledge. This allows project managers to prepare appropriate responses to changing project ecosystems.

Identification and Implementation of End-User Needs During Development of a State-of-the-Art Modeling Toolset

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Seitz ◽  
Mark Freshley ◽  
Mark Williamson ◽  
Paul Dixon ◽  
Kurt Gerdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
End Users ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
User Needs ◽  
End User

The U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) Office of Environmental Management, Technology Innovation and Development is supporting a multi-National Laboratory effort to develop the Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM). ASCEM is an emerging state-of-the-art scientific approach and software infrastructure for understanding and predicting contaminant fate and transport in natural and engineered systems. These modular and open-source high performance computing tools and user interfaces will facilitate integrated approaches that enable standardized assessments of performance and risk for EM cleanup and closure decisions. The ASCEM team recognized that engaging end-users in the ASCEM development process would lead to enhanced development and implementation of the ASCEM toolsets in the user community. End-user involvement in ASCEM covers a broad spectrum of perspectives, including: performance assessment (PA) and risk assessment practitioners, research scientists, decision-makers, oversight personnel, and regulators engaged in the US DOE cleanup mission. End-users are primarily engaged in ASCEM via the ASCEM User Steering Committee (USC) and the ‘user needs interface’ task. Future plans also include user involvement in demonstrations of the ASCEM tools. This paper will describe the details of how end users have been engaged in the ASCEM program and will demonstrate how this involvement has strengthened both the tool development and community confidence. ASCEM tools requested by end-users specifically target modeling challenges associated with US DOE cleanup activities. The demonstration activities involve application of ASCEM tools and capabilities to representative problems at DOE sites. Selected results from the ASCEM Phase 1 demonstrations are discussed to illustrate how capabilities requested by end-users were implemented in prototype versions of the ASCEM tool.

scholarly journals Engaging end-user driven recommender systems: personalization through web augmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wischenbart ◽  
Sergio Firmenich ◽  
Gustavo Rossi ◽  
Gabriela Bosetti ◽  
Elisabeth Kapsammer
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
The Past ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Programming Skills ◽  
Client Side ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Web ◽  
Web Augmentation

Abstract In the past decades recommender systems have become a powerful tool to improve personalization on the Web. Yet, many popular websites lack such functionality, its implementation usually requires certain technical skills, and, above all, its introduction is beyond the scope and control of end-users. To alleviate these problems, this paper presents a novel tool to empower end-users without programming skills, without any involvement of website providers, to embed personalized recommendations of items into arbitrary websites on client-side. For this we have developed a generic meta-model to capture recommender system configuration parameters in general as well as in a web augmentation context. Thereupon, we have implemented a wizard in the form of an easy-to-use browser plug-in, allowing the generation of so-called user scripts, which are executed in the browser to engage collaborative filtering functionality from a provided external rest service. We discuss functionality and limitations of the approach, and in a study with end-users we assess the usability and show its suitability for combining recommender systems with web augmentation techniques, aiming to empower end-users to implement controllable recommender applications for a more personalized browsing experience.

Characteristics and Potential for Successful Co-Creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Rasool ◽  
Pisut Koomsap ◽  
Meghla Clara Costa
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
End Users ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
User Needs ◽  
End User ◽  
Product Success ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Co-creation, an active end-users involvement in product development process, has been recognized as an effective way of minimizing risk of misinterpretation of end-user needs and achieving product success. Furthermore, high level of co-creation has seemed to create high perceived value to products. With an aim of encouraging many more firms to involve their end-users in the product development process, a quantitative tool developed to help the firms evaluate their readiness and potential for co-creation is presented in this paper. Important characteristics for co-creation have been established from the literature and have been classified with the help of expert opinion into three different levels: must-have, should-have and nice-to-have. The firms that fulfill all the must-have characteristics are ready for co-creation, and their potential is evaluated from the should-have and nice-to-have characteristics. An exploratory case study on three shoe manufacturers was conducted for illustration.

scholarly journals The ePANDDA project: linking the Paleobiology Database, iDigBio, and iDigPaleo for biological and paleontological research, collections management, and outreach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26644
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Sessa ◽  
Susan Butts ◽  
Talia Karim ◽  
Gil Nelson ◽  
Christopher Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
End Users ◽  
User Needs ◽  
End User ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Data Discovery ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Programming Interfaces

There are several online paleontological resources that serve a diversity of needs: the Paleobiology Database (PaleoBioDB), a database of fossil occurrences built largely from the primary scientific literature; iDigBio, the national hub for neontological and paleontological specimen data; and iDigPaleo, a specimen-based website built for educational use. While each resource is useful on its own, aggregating data from them is laborious and problematic, as the connectivity between modern and fossil, and specimen and literature-based, resources does not currently exist. Funded by the NSF EarthCube initiative (ICER 1821039), the enhancing Paleontological and Neontological Data Discovery API (ePANDDA) project is using application programming interfaces (APIs) to integrate the paleontological and neontological resources of these three sites. The ePANDDA API returns comprehensive data to the user on all aspects of specimens and taxa. For example, a neontologist could search the ePANDDA API (available at: https://api.epandda.org) using a taxonomic name. In addition to modern specimen records available in iDigBio, they will receive paleontological collections information from iDigPaleo and the PaleoBioDB. The connectivity of these resources facilitates addressing research questions currently difficult to answer, even with multiple researchers working as a group. The ePANDDA API was demonstrated to programmers and end users at a “hackathon” in the fall of 2017, resulting in significant modifications to the API based on end user needs. The epandda team also sought the input of end users in the creation of software widgets that use the API via two workshops in 2016. During this presentation, we will demonstrate several of these software widgets (available at: https://epandda.org), including one that geolocates a user and displays records from all three databases of all organisms within a specified radius. We will also showcase how the PaleoBioDB will use the ePANDDA API to display links to specimen images within iDigBio. The presentation will also include examples and plans for how ePANDDA can collaborate with other existing geological and biological resources.

scholarly journals Solution for Deceptive Download Buttons and Drive-By Installation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amruth Nag ◽  
Sowmya M S
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
End Users ◽  
The Internet ◽  
End User ◽  
Common User ◽  
The Web

Deceptive download buttons are those on the internet which may look like it is meant to do an action but actually does something else which it is not intended by the user. Drive-by installations are those extra software which is installed in a user's device without him noticing it. This paper gives the information about the types of deceptive download buttons and the ways a common user can avoid clicking on such button while browsing the web. A few methods the advertiser may commonly use for making the end user a victim of the deceptive download buttons is discussed here. The methods by which someone can avoid these kinds of buttons are also given in this paper. An idea for the development of an extension to the user's browser, that runs in the background. This warns the user about those buttons prior to the button being clicked. This paper also includes information about drive-by installations of bloatware and the ways in which the end users are being affected by this, how the end user can avoid being a victim of drive-by installations and an idea to develop a tool which runs in the background as a small script in the operating system which will automatically warn the user about the drive-by installations.

scholarly journals The Stakeholder Playbook for Explaining AI Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hoffman ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
Shane T. Mueller ◽  
Mohammadreza Jalaeian ◽  
Connor Tate
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
End Users ◽  
End User ◽  
Know How ◽  
Graduate Degrees ◽  
The People ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the Stakeholder Playbook is to enable system developers to take into account the different ways in which stakeholders need to "look inside" of the AI/XAI systems. Recent work on Explainable AI has mapped stakeholder categories onto explanation requirements. While most of these mappings seem reasonable, they have been largely speculative. We investigated these matters empirically. We conducted interviews with senior and mid-career professionals possessing post-graduate degrees who had experience with AI and/ or autonomous systems, and who had served in a number of roles including former military, civilian scientists working for the government, scientists working in the private sector, and scientists working as independent consultants. The results show that stakeholders need access to others (e.g., trusted engineers, trusted vendors) to develop satisfying mental models of AI systems. and they need to know "how it fails" and "how it misleads" and not just "how it works." In addition, explanations need to support end-users in performing troubleshooting and maintenance activities, especially as operational situations and input data change. End-users need to be able to anticipate when the AI is approaching an edge case. Stakeholders often need to develop an understanding that enables them to explain the AI to someone else and not just satisfy their own sensemaking. We were surprised that only about half of our Interviewees said they always needed better explanations. This and other findings that are apparently paradoxical can be resolved by acknowledging that different stakeholders have different capabilities, different sensemaking requirements, and different immediate goals. In fact, the concept of “stakeholder” is misleading because the people we interviewed served in a variety of roles simultaneously — we recommend referring to these roles rather than trying to pigeonhole people into unitary categories. Different cognitive styles re another formative factor, as suggested by participant comments to the effect that they preferred to dive in and play with the system rather than being spoon-fed an explanation of how it works. These factors combine to determine what, for each given end-user, constitutes satisfactory and actionable understanding. exp

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