scholarly journals Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12133
Author(s):  
Yujiao Wang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Zhenfei Qiu ◽  
Bingshan Zeng ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Compact Layer ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ion Contents

Background High soil salinity seriously affects plant growth and development. Excessive salt ions mainly cause damage by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidation stress. Casuarina equisetifolia is a highly salt-tolerant plant, commonly grown as wind belts in coastal areas with sandy soils. However, little is known about its physiology and the molecular mechanism of its response to salt stress. Results Eight-week-old C. equisetifolia seedlings grown from rooted cuttings were exposed to salt stress for varying durations (0, 1, 6, 24, and 168 h under 200 mM NaCl) and their ion contents, cellular structure, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Potassium concentration decreased slowly between 1 h and 24 h after initiation of salt treatment, while the content of potassium was significantly lower after 168 h of salt treatment. Root epidermal cells were shed and a more compact layer of cells formed as the treatment duration increased. Salt stress led to deformation of cells and damage to mitochondria in the epidermis and endodermis, whereas stele cells suffered less damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with more genes showing differential expression after 24 h and 168 h of exposure than after shorter durations of exposure to salinity. Signal transduction and ion transport genes such as HKT and CHX were enriched among DEGs in the early stages (1 h or 6 h) of salt stress, while expression of genes involved in programmed cell death was significantly upregulated at 168 h, corresponding to changes in ion contents and cell structure of roots. Oxidative stress and detoxification genes were also expressed differentially and were enriched among DEGs at different stages. Conclusions These results not only elucidate the mechanism and the molecular pathway governing salt tolerance, but also serve as a basis for identifying gene function related to salt stress in C. equisetifolia.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of two willow species from different habitats to salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Lulu Ren ◽  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Kun Qiao ◽  
Shenkui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Plant salt tolerance is a complex mechanism, and different plant species have different strategies for surviving salt stress. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the morphological and physiological responses of two willow species (Salix linearistipularis and Salix matsudana) from different habitats to salt stress. S. linearistipularis exhibited higher seed germination rates and seedling root Na+ efflux than S. matsudana under salt stress. After salt treatment, S. linearistipularis leaves exhibited less Na+ accumulation, loss of water and chlorophyll, reduction in photosynthetic capacity, and damage to leaf cell structure than leaves of S. matsudana. Scanning electron microscopy combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed that S. linearistipularis leaves had higher cuticular wax loads than S. matsudana leaves. Overall, our results showed that S. linearistipularis had higher salt tolerance than S. matsudana, which was associated with different morphological and physiological responses to salt stress. Furthermore, our study suggested that S. linearistipularis could be a promising tree species for saline-alkali land greening and improvement.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium chloride on the expression of genes involved in the salt tolerance of Bacillus sp. strain “SX4” isolated from salinized greenhouse soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Xiao ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Pengcheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Differential Expression Genes

Abstract Salt stress is one of the important adverse conditions affecting bacterium growth. How bacteria isolated from greenhouse soil cope with salt stress and regulate the genes responsible for salt tolerance are still unclear. We conducted RNA transcriptome profiling of genes contributing to the salt tolerance of a Bacillus sp. strain (“SX4”) obtained from salinized soil. Results showed that NaCl effectively regulated the growth of “SX4” in terms of cell length and colony-forming unit number decrease. A total of 121 upregulated and 346 downregulated genes were detected under salt stress with reference to the control. The largest numbers of differential expression genes were 17 in carbon metabolism, 13 in the biosynthesis of amino acids, 10 in a two-component system, and 10 in ABC transporter pathways for adapting to salt stress. Our data revealed that cation, electron and transmembrane transport, and catalytic activity play important roles in the resistance of bacterial cells to salt ions. Single-nucleotide polymorphism and the mutation of base pair T:A to C:G play potential roles in the adaptation of “SX4” to high NaCl concentrations. The findings from this study provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of strain “SX4” and will be helpful in promoting the application of salt-tolerant bacteria.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt-Stress Response in Mega Hybrid Rice Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Noushin Jahan ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Mengqiu Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Liangguang Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trait Locus

Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that leads to productivity losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, transcriptome profiling and heterosis-related genes were analyzed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) in seedlings of a mega rice hybrid, Liang-You-Pei-Jiu (LYP9), and its two parents 93–11 and Pei-ai64s (PA64s), under control and two different salinity levels, where we found 8292, 8037, and 631 salt-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Heterosis-related DEGs were obtained higher after 14 days of salt treatment than after 7 days. There were 631 and 4237 salt-induced DEGs related to heterosis under 7-day and 14-day salt stresses, respectively. Gene functional classification showed the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis activity after 7-day stress treatment, and in metabolic and catabolic activity after 14 days. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of an expression of DEGs for the bHLH transcription factor and a shoot length/salinity-related quantitative trait locus qSL7 that we fine-mapped previously, providing a confirmed case of heterosis-related genes. This experiment reveals the transcriptomic divergence of the rice F1 hybrid and its parental lines under control and salt stress state, and enlightens about the significant molecular mechanisms developed over time in response to salt stress.

scholarly journals The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
C. Brindha, S. Vasantha, R. Arunkumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Yield Responses

 A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes.

scholarly journals Dodder-transmitted mobile signals prime host plants for enhanced salt tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalan Li ◽  
Jingxiong Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Guojing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Systemic Signals

Abstract The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are a genus of shoot parasites. In nature, a dodder often simultaneously parasitizes two or more neighboring hosts. Salt stress is a common abiotic stress for plants. It is unclear whether dodder transmits physiologically relevant salt stress-induced systemic signals among its hosts and whether these systemic signals affect the hosts’ tolerance to salt stress. Here, we simultaneously parasitized two or more cucumber plants with dodder. We found that salt treatment of one host highly primed the connected host, which showed strong decreases in the extent of leaf withering and cell death in response to subsequent salt stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 24 h after salt treatment of one cucumber, the transcriptome of the other dodder-connected cucumber largely resembled that of the salt-treated one, indicating that inter-plant systemic signals primed these dodder-connected cucumbers at least partly through transcriptomic reconfiguration. Furthermore, salt treatment of one of the cucumbers induced physiological changes, including altered proline contents, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rates, in both of the dodder-connected cucumbers. This study reveals a role of dodder in mediating salt-induced inter-plant signaling among dodder-connected hosts and highlights the physiological function of these mobile signals in plant–plant interactions under salt stress.

scholarly journals Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Casuarina equisetifolia under salt stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fan ◽  
Z. Qiu ◽  
B. Zeng ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
X. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Selection Of

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf cell structure of 'Yinhong' grape seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
李学孚 LI Xuefu ◽  
倪智敏 NI Zhimin ◽  
吴月燕 WU Yueyan ◽  
李美芹 LI Meiqin ◽  
刘蓉 LIU Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Cell

Responses of growth, morphology, and anatomy to salinity and calcium supply in cultivated and wild barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1859-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
R. E. Redmann
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
Barley Population

Growth, morphology, and anatomy were examined in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Harrington), and wild barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) collected from a wild population located in Saskatoon, Sask. Plants were grown in nutrient solution plus mixed sulphate salts with low or high calcium supply and in nutrient solution alone (control), using a hydroponic system in a growth chamber. Salt stress had greater deleterious effects on growth, morphology, and anatomy of 'Harrington' than wild barley. Additional Ca supply markedly improved these parameters in 'Harrington' but not in wild barley, suggesting a greater responsiveness to Ca in the cultivated species. The wild barley population had greater leaf and tiller numbers per plant but smaller leaf area and dry mass than 'Harrington' in control solution. After 20 days of salt treatment, 'Harrington' showed a greater reduction in tiller and leaf number, shoot height and root length, and tissue dry mass than wild barley. Calcium-deficiency symptoms were found in 'Harrington' leaves in the low Ca salt treatment but not in wild barley. On the other hand, shoot height and dry mass growth were significantly increased in 'Harrington' by high Ca salt treatment, suggesting that 'Harrington' was more responsive to supplemental Ca than wild barley. Salt stress induced thicker roots with larger vessels in 'Harrington' but not in the wild barley population. Key words: calcium nutrition, Hordeum vulgare L., Hordeum jubatum L., hydraulic resistance, salt tolerance, root anatomy, sulphate salinity.

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