scholarly journals Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12509
Author(s):  
Karol Daszkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Meniscal Lesions

Background Increased mechanical loading and pathological response of joint tissue to the abnormal mechanical stress can cause degradation of cartilage characteristic of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Despite osteoarthritis is risk factor for the development of meniscal lesions the mechanism of degenerative meniscal lesions is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the influence of medial compartment knee OA on the stress state and deformation of the medial meniscus. Methods The finite element method was used to simulate the stance phase of the gait cycle. An intact knee model was prepared based on magnetic resonance scans of the left knee joint of a healthy volunteer. Degenerative changes in the medial knee OA model were simulated by nonuniform reduction in articular cartilage thickness in specific areas and by a decrease in the material parameters of cartilage and menisci. Two additional models were created to separately evaluate the effect of alterations in articular cartilage geometry and material parameters of the soft tissues on the results. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed for standardized knee loads applied to the tibia bone. Results The maximum von Mises stress of 26.8 MPa was observed in the posterior part of the medial meniscus body in the OA model. The maximal hoop stress for the first peak of total force was 83% greater in the posterior horn and only 11% greater in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model. The reduction in cartilage thickness caused an increase of 57% in medial translation of the medial meniscus body. A decrease in the compressive modulus of menisci resulted in a 2.5-fold greater reduction in the meniscal body width compared to the intact model. Conclusions Higher hoop stress levels on the inner edge of the posterior part of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model are associated with a greater medial translation of the meniscus body and a greater reduction in its width. The considerable increase in hoop stresses shows that medial knee OA may contribute to the initiation of meniscal radial tears.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of the auxiliary elements of the knee joint in normal and deforming arthrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
I V Gaivoronskiy ◽  
V V Hominets ◽  
A A Semenov ◽  
I A Goryacheva
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Studies

The results of morphological studies of auxiliary elements (patella, meniscus, cruciate ligament, synovial bags) of 60 knee joints of adult corpses, 30 of which were intact (without signs of deforming arthrosis) and 30 with signs of deforming arthrosis of stages III-IV are presented. It is established that the auxiliary apparatus undergoes significant changes in the progression of deforming arthrosis. In a greater degree degenerative changes prone articular cartilage of the patella and medial condyles of the knee joint. The affected areas were characterized by thinning of the articular cartilage or its complete absence, as well as the presence of osteophytes along the edges of the articular surfaces. The measurements of the relative length, width, and thickness of the meniscus also confirmed the fact of their substantial deformation and degeneration, mainly of the medial meniscus. The posterior part of the body and the horn of the medial meniscus were most susceptible to the destruction of the cartilaginous tissue and were accompanied by the erasure and disintegration of the inner margin. Synovial membranes with deforming arthrosis were thickened, compacted and locally hyperemic, had papillary growths, which indicates the presence of synovitis and fluid accumulation not only in the joint cavity but also in synovial bags, the sizes of which were significantly increased. Intra-articular ligaments are hyperemic, and fragments are noted. Pterygoid folds are enlarged, locally hyperemic, with a vascular pattern, elongated processes are visualized along the edges. Identified morphological changes in the progression of deforming arthrosis lead to trophic and metabolic disturbances of all structures of the knee joint. The results of the study of the auxiliary elements of the knee joint can be used as a control in the diagnosis of deforming arthrosis.

scholarly journals Medial knee joint contact force in the intact limb during walking in recently ambulatory service members with unilateral limb loss: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H. Miller ◽  
Rebecca L. Krupenevich ◽  
Alison L. Pruziner ◽  
Erik J. Wolf ◽  
Barri L. Schnall
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Intact Limb

BackgroundIndividuals with unilateral lower limb amputation have a high risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) in their intact limb as they age. This risk may be related to joint loading experienced earlier in life. We hypothesized that loading during walking would be greater in the intact limb of young US military service members with limb loss than in controls with no limb loss.MethodsCross-sectional instrumented gait analysis at self-selected walking speeds with a limb loss group (N = 10, age 27 ± 5 years, 170 ± 36 days since last surgery) including five service members with transtibial limb loss and five with transfemoral limb loss, all walking independently with their first prosthesis for approximately two months. Controls (N = 10, age 30 ± 4 years) were service members with no overt demographical risk factors for knee OA. 3D inverse dynamics modeling was performed to calculate joint moments and medial knee joint contact forces (JCF) were calculated using a reduction-based musculoskeletal modeling method and expressed relative to body weight (BW).ResultsPeak JCF and maximum JCF loading rate were significantly greater in limb loss (184% BW, 2,469% BW/s) vs. controls (157% BW, 1,985% BW/s), with large effect sizes. Results were robust to probabilistic perturbations to the knee model parameters.DiscussionAssuming these data are reflective of joint loading experienced in daily life, they support a “mechanical overloading” hypothesis for the risk of developing knee OA in the intact limb of limb loss subjects. Examination of the evolution of gait mechanics, joint loading, and joint health over time, as well as interventions to reduce load or strengthen the ability of the joint to withstand loads, is warranted.

Articular cartilage thickness and glycosaminoglycan distribution in the young canine knee joint after remobilization of the immobilized limb

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Kiviranta ◽  
Markku Tammi ◽  
Jukka Jurvelin ◽  
Jari Arokoski ◽  
Anna-Marja Säämänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Thickness

scholarly journals Advances and Prospects in Tissue-Engineered Meniscal Scaffolds for Meniscus Regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Shuyun Liu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Changlong Yu ◽  
Shibi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Meniscal Lesions ◽  
Meniscus Regeneration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Engineering Technology

The meniscus plays a crucial role in maintaining knee joint homoeostasis. Meniscal lesions are relatively common in the knee joint and are typically categorized into various types. However, it is difficult for inner avascular meniscal lesions to self-heal. Untreated meniscal lesions lead to meniscal extrusions in the long-term and gradually trigger the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The relationship between meniscal lesions and knee OA is complex. Partial meniscectomy, which is the primary method to treat a meniscal injury, only relieves short-term pain; however, it does not prevent the development of knee OA. Similarly, other current therapeutic strategies have intrinsic limitations in clinical practice. Tissue engineering technology will probably address this challenge by reconstructing a meniscus possessing an integrated configuration with competent biomechanical capacity. This review describes normal structure and biomechanical characteristics of the meniscus, discusses the relationship between meniscal lesions and knee OA, and summarizes the classifications and corresponding treatment strategies for meniscal lesions to understand meniscal regeneration from physiological and pathological perspectives. Last, we present current advances in meniscal scaffolds and provide a number of prospects that will potentially benefit the development of meniscal regeneration methods.

scholarly journals Acteoside counteracts interleukin-1β-induced catabolic processes through the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NFκB cellular signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyangI Lim ◽  
Do Kyung Kim ◽  
Tae-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Rok Kang ◽  
Jeong-Yeon Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Safranin O

Abstract Objectives To verify the anti-catabolic effects of acteoside [α-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-β-D-glucoside] against osteoarthritis and its anti-catabolic signaling pathway. Methods Primary rat chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically from the articular cartilage of rat knee joint. Cytotoxicity of acteoside was assessed by MTT and Cell Live/Dead assay. Proteoglycan content was measured by dimethylmethylene blue assay. The proteoglycan loss was assessed by histological analysis using safranin-O & fast green staining after ex vivo organ culture of articular cartilage. The alteration of catabolic factors such as cartilage degrading enzymes, pro-inflammation cytokines, and inflammatory mediators were assessed by qPCR, qRT-PCR, gelatin zymography, western blot, and cytokine array. Cellular signaling pathways were investigated by western blot and nucleus translocation. Acteoside was orally administrated to osteoarthritic animals generated by the destabilization of medial meniscus at the knee joint of mice for 8 weeks. Thereafter, proteoglycan loss was assessed by safranin-O & fast green staining. Results Acteoside did not decrease the viabilities of mouse fibroblast L929 cells used as a normal cells and primary rat chondrocytes. Acteoside counteracted the IL-1β-induced proteoglycan loss in the chondrocytes and articular cartilage through suppressing the expression and activation of cartilage-degrading enzyme such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Furthermore, acteoside suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in the primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Subsequently, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was decreased by acteoside in the primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Moreover, acteoside suppressed not only the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β but also the translocation of NFκB from the cytosol to the nucleus through suppression of its phosphorylation. Oral administration of 5 and 10 mg/kg acteoside attenuated the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in the osteoarthritic mouse model generated by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Conclusion Our findings indicate that acteoside is a promising potential anti-catabolic agent or supplement to attenuate or prevent progressive degeneration of articular cartilage.

scholarly journals RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF KNEE JOINT WIDTH DIFFERENCES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC MEDIAL KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMWON YOON ◽  
YOUNGJOO CHA ◽  
HYUNSIK YOON ◽  
KYOUNGTAE KIM ◽  
ILBONG PARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Joint Space Width ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Significant Difference

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative articular disease. The knee joint space width (JSW) is used for grading the severity of knee OA. However, there is a lack of research on differences in the widths of knee joints between both lower limbs in unilateral OA. The purpose of this research was to examine the radiological difference in the affected knee joint and contralateral knee joint by analyzing unilateral older adults with medial knee OA using both knees’ JSW differences. Twenty-five subjects with unilateral medial knee OA participated. X-ray radiographs were used to assess knee JSW, and the paired [Formula: see text]-test was performed to assess the knee joint gap width between the affected side and the unaffected side in the respective medial and lateral sides. The independent [Formula: see text]-test compared the differences between the lateral and medial knee JSWs on the affected side and unaffected side. The paired [Formula: see text]-test did not show a significant difference in the medial and lateral knee JSW on the affected side compared to the unaffected side ([Formula: see text]; 0.11). Meanwhile, the independent [Formula: see text]-test revealed a significant difference between the affected and unaffected sides ([Formula: see text]). This study showed no significant changes in affected knee JSWs compared to unaffected sides, but the difference between the lateral and medial JSWs was significant between the knees affected and unaffected by OA in the older adults with medial knee OA.

scholarly journals Effect of a Home Program of Hip Abductor Exercises on Knee Joint Loading, Strength, Function, and Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Sled ◽  
Latif Khoja ◽  
Kevin J. Deluzio ◽  
Sandra J. Olney ◽  
Elsie G. Culham
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Knee Joint Loading

BackgroundHip abductor muscle weakness may result in impaired frontal-plane pelvic control during gait, leading to greater medial compartment loading in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of an 8-week home strengthening program for the hip abductor muscles on knee joint loading (measured by the external knee adduction moment during gait), strength (force-generating capacity), and function and pain in individuals with medial knee OA.DesignThe study design was a nonequivalent, pretest-posttest, control group design.SettingTesting was conducted in a motor performance laboratory.PatientsAn a priori sample size calculation was performed. Forty participants with knee OA were matched for age and sex with a control group of participants without knee OA.InterventionParticipants with knee OA completed a home hip abductor strengthening program.MeasurementsThree-dimensional gait analysis was performed to obtain peak knee adduction moments in the first 50% of the stance phase. Isokinetic concentric strength of the hip abductor muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test was used to evaluate functional performance. Knee pain was assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the OA group demonstrated significant improvement in hip abductor strength, but not in the knee adduction moment. Functional performance on the sit-to-stand test improved in the OA group compared with the control group. The OA group reported decreased knee pain after the intervention.LimitationsGait strategies that may have affected the knee adduction moment, including lateral trunk lean, were not evaluated in this study.ConclusionsHip abductor strengthening did not reduce knee joint loading but did improve function and reduce pain in a group with medial knee OA.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONOPHORESIS BY PIROXICAM AND DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE FOR WOMEN’S WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE JOINT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Monisha R ◽  
Manikumar M ◽  
Aparna Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Osteoarthritis Knee ◽  
Symptomatic Knee ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive chronic disease with the loss of articular cartilage. In managing osteoarthritis, inadequate pain relief often occurs, particularly with a single non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy.Methods: A total of 50 participants were randomly allocated into three groups, received phonophoresis with piroxicam, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ultrasound (US) therapy with aquasonic gel.Results: On comparing, the baseline phonophoresis group with piroxicam showed significantly more pain reduction than the DMSO and US therapy. Enrolled patients in three groups have completed the study without any drawbacks.Conclusion: This study showed that phonophoresis was superior to conventional US therapy in reducing pain in patients with symptomatic knee OA of a mild to moderate degree.

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