scholarly journals In situ earthworm breeding in orchards significantly improves the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xiang ◽  
Jia-en Zhang ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Benliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Growth Quality

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four fertilizer applications—control (C), chemical fertilizer (F), compost (O), and in situ earthworm breeding (E)—on the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.). In this study, 5 g plant−1 urea (CH4N2O, %N = 46.3%) and 100 g plant−1 microelement fertilizer was applied to each treatment. The fertilizer applications of these four treatments are different from each other. The results showed that the E treatment had the highest growth parameters over the whole growth period. At 127 days after transplantation, the plant heights were ordered E > F > O > C, and the stem diameters were E > F > O > C, with significant differences between all treatments. Soluble-solid, sugar, vitamin C, and protein content significantly increased in the E treatment. In addition, the total acid and the electrical conductivity of the fruit significantly decreased in the E treatment. Fruit firmness clearly increased in the O treatment, and decreased in the F treatment. The fresh individual fruit weights, fruit numbers, and total yields were greatly improved in the F and E treatments, and the total yield of the E treatment was higher than that in the F treatment. In conclusion, the in situ earthworm breeding treatment performed better than conventional compost and chemical fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, in situ earthworm breeding may be a potential organic fertilizer application in orchards because it not only improves the fruit quality and yield but also reduces the amount of organic wastes from agriculture as a result of the activities of earthworms.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 9643-9653
Author(s):  
Ratih Sandrakirana ◽  
Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Design

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).

scholarly journals Excessive Application of Fertilizer, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution, and Farmers’ Policy Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wu ◽  
Yan Ge
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

This paper takes 516 households who planted wheat in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province in 2018, as samples to construct three policy environments: Technological guidance for planting, subsidies for organic fertilizer application, and agricultural tailwater discharge standards. The experimental choice method was used to empirically analyze policy preferences during the process of fertilizer reduction. The results indicate that households show different preferences for the three policy settings: The fertilizer application rate is reduced by 6.98% if providing full technological guidance for farmers throughout the wheat planting process and is reduced by 5.18% under the background of providing appropriate organic fertilizer subsidies. The agricultural tailwater discharge standards have the least impact on the reducing level of chemical fertilizer application, with decreasing amounts of only 1.85% and 0.77% under the second-level and the first-level agricultural tailwater discharge standards, respectively. These results indicate that households in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, demonstrate a low willingness to accept the agricultural tailwater discharge standards in order to cut down on the amount of chemical fertilizer application and the agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, compared with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1% of fertilizer usage nationwide according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, given the current planting environment and policies design, providing comprehensive technological guidance as well as price subsidies for the organic fertilizer can significantly and robustly reduce the excessive application of fertilizer in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, under the best scenario, thereby further alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)(TKSJ) sebagai pupuk organik pada pembibitan kelapa sawit Utilization of spent mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) media derived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (SMEB) as organic fertilizer on oil palm seedling

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
. TRI-PANJI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

SummaryThe utilization of lignocellulolitic emptyfruit-bunches of oil-palm (EFBOP) material asstraw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) mediacould produce short chain organic carbon andnutrients which may be available for growth ofplant. This research was aimed to determine theeffect of spent mushroom media amendmentderived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm(SMEB) as organic fertilizer on the growth andnutrient uptake of oil palm seedling. Theexperiment was conducted at greenhouse usingacid soil. Oil palm seedling was grown in 60 x 50cm polybags. The experiment was carried out toexamine 20 treatments i.e. combinations of fourlevel of SMEB (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% w/w) andfive dosages of conventional fertilizer (0, 25%,50%, 75%, and 100%) recommended dosages.The experiment was conducted using completerandomized design with factorial type. Theresearch showed that the amendment of SMEB atthe level of 25% could increase the height ofseedling, fresh weight of root, stem, and seedlingsas well as dry weight of oil palm stem. However,for leaf dry weight, a higher addition of SMEB upto 50% was needed. Fertilizing at 25% ofrecommended dosage could increase the seedlingheight, fresh weight of stem and leaf while forseedling fresh weight and leaf number, higheraddition of fertilizer up to 50% was needed.Significantly higher uptake of K and Mg wasobserved on the amendment of 75% of SMEB.The higher addition of SMEB (up to 75% w/w)did not decrease any growth parameters andnutrient uptake. However, the addition of 100%of recommended chemical fertilizer tended todecrease various growth parameters and uptakeof N, P, K, and Mg of oil palm seedling.RingkasanPenggunaan bahan lignoselulosa sebagaimedium jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa karbonrantai pendek demikian pula hara tersedia,sehingga diduga bahan ini dapat digunakansebagai pupuk organik untuk tanaman. Penelitiandilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberiantandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sisa mediumjamur merang (TKSJ) terhadap pertumbuhan danserapan hara bibit kelapa sawit. Percobaandilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan tanahbereaksi masam. TKKS sisa medium jamurmerang (TKSJ) sesuai dosis perlakuan dicampurdengan tanah dan selanjutnya bibit kelapa sawitditanam di polibag berukuran 60 x 50 cm.Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji 20 perlakuanyang merupakan kombinasi empat tingkat TKSJ(0, 25%, 50% dan 75% b/b) dan lima dosis pupukkonvensional (0, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%)dosis rekomendasi. Percobaan dilakukan meng-gunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan polafaktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwapemberian TKSJ pada tingkat 25% dapatmeningkatkan tinggi bibit, bobot basah akar,batang, dan bibit serta bobot kering batangkelapa sawit. Namun, untuk peubah bobot keringdaun diperlukan pemberian TKSJ yang lebihtinggi yaitu 50%. Pemupukan pada dosis 25%rekomendasi meningkatkan tinggi, bobot basahbatang dan daun sedangkan untuk jumlah daundan bobot basah bibit diperlukan dosis pupuk50%. Serapan hara K dan Mg nyata lebih tinggipada pemberian 75% TKSJ. Pemberian TKSJpada jumlah yang tinggi (hingga 75% b/b) tidakmenyebabkan penurunan berbagai peubah per-tumbuhan dan serapan hara, namun pemberianpupuk 100% rekomendasi cenderung menurun-kan berbagai peubah pertumbuhan dan serapanhara N, P, K, dan Mg bibit kelapa sawit.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultivation Management on Pearl Millet Yield and Growth Differed with Rainfall Conditions in a Seasonal Wetland of Sub-Saharan Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hirooka ◽  
Simon K. Awala ◽  
Kudakwashe Hove ◽  
Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo ◽  
Morio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Seasonal Wetlands ◽  
Sub Saharan

The production of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) is important in Namibia, in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to the prevailing low precipitation conditions. Most fields supporting crop production in northern Namibia are located in a network of seasonal wetlands. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ridging and fertilizer application on the yield and the growth of pearl millet in the seasonal wetlands under different rainfall conditions. The study was conducted for two years (2017–2018) in the experimental fields in northern Namibia, and yield, yield components, and growth parameters were evaluated in relation to the application of different fertilizers (manure and mineral) with and without ridge-furrows. Manure fertilizer application presented the highest yield in 2018, whereas mineral fertilizer application showed the highest yield in 2017. The proportion of rainfall was the highest during the mid-growth period in 2017, and the reproductive stage in 2018. Thus, pearl millet plants under manure fertilization overcame damage resulting from waterlogging stress during the seed setting stage by improving the soil and plant nutrient conditions. In contrast, the plants under mineral fertilization were more tolerant to large amounts of rain during the mid-growth period. In this study, yield was mainly determined by total dry weight, and it was closely related to panicle density in both years. Therefore, we concluded that fertilizer application, including additional fertilizer based on the growth diagnostic, could be important for improving crop production in seasonal wetlands.

scholarly journals Enhancing rice yield in acidic soil through liming and fertilizer management

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Syeda Ariana Ferdous ◽  
Mohammad Noor Hossain Miah ◽  
Mozammel Hoque ◽  
Sazzad Hossain ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Four Levels

The effect of lime and fertilizer application, as the management of soil acidity, on the growth and yield of rice cv. BRRI dhan50 was investigated during Aman rice season at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh. The experiment was consisted of two factors namely lime and fertilizer. There were four levels of lime (0, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 t ha–1 of CaCO3.MgCO3) and three levels of fertilizers (control, FYM @ 10 t ha–1, and chemical fertilizer @ 100-30-42-4-3-0.4 kg ha–1 of N-P-K-Ca-S-Zn). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications where the unit plot size was 4.0 m x 2.5 m. Growth parameters, yield components and yield of BRRIdhan 50 rice increased with increasing lime rate in association of fertilizer in acidic soil. The highest grain yield (2.90 t ha–1) was recorded from the application of 1.50 t ha–1 lime and the lowest (2.06 t ha–1) was from control (0t ha–1), irrespective of fertilizer. On the other hand, the best effect of fertilizers on grain yield (3.08 t ha–1) was found with the application of FYM @ 10 t ha–1 and the lowest yield (1.59 t ha–1) was in control. The treatment combination of lime 1.50 t ha–1 and FYM (@ 10 t ha–1 produced the highest grain yield (3.60 t ha–1), which was followed by treatment combination of lime 1.50 t ha–1 and chemical fertilizer @ 100-30-42-4-3-0.4 kg ha–1 of N-P-K-Ca-S-Zn (3.28 t ha–1). Additionally, application of lime and FYM improved the soil fertility and properties of acidic soil for crop production by increasing the pH, organic matter and availability of some essential nutrients. From the study, it was indicated that both FYM and lime could affect to enhance the grain yield of rice in acidic soil. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 357–365, December 2018

scholarly journals Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Yanan Li ◽  
Chengyu Wang ◽  
Tianye Wang ◽  
Yutao Liu ◽  
Shuxia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Fertilization influences the soil microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the soil microbiome composition and function and microbial participation in the N cycle according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation of different genes in a metagenomic analysis after long-term fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly changed the soil C/N ratio. Chemical fertilizer (NPK) treatment decreased soil pH, and chemical fertilizer combined with straw (NPK+S0.5) treatment increased ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) but decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N). NPK, NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 applications did not change the soil microbiome composition or dominant phylum but changed the relative abundances of microbiome components. Moreover, fertilizer significantly influenced metabolic processes, cellular processes and single-organism processes. Compared with a no-fertilizer treatment (CK), the NPK treatment resulted in more differentially expressed gene (DEG) pathways than the NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 treatments, and these pathways significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), available phosphorus (AP) and the moisture content of soil (MC). KEGG analysis found that fertilizer application mainly affected the ribosome, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. S0.5 and NPK+S0.5 increased microbial nitrogen fixation, and NPK and NPK+S0.5 decreased amoA and amoB and accelerated denitrification. Thus, organic fertilizer increased N fixation and nitrification, and inorganic N fertilizer accelerated denitrification. We found that the function of the soil microbiome under different fertilizer applications could be important for the rational application of fertilizer and for environmental and sustainable development.

Influence of different types of fertilizers application on the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Basel Natsheh ◽  
Nawaf Abu-Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Growth Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Plant Length

The experiment was conducted during the period from March to the end of April 2019 to observe the effect of different fertilizer regimes on the growth, quality and yield of lettuce under field conditions. The experiment was consisting of four treatments as well as a control without fertilizer T1, compost T2, compost tea T3 and chemical fertilizer T4, in each treatment 50 replicates were planted. The measurements included wet and dry weight for shoot and root, plant length, and chlorophyll percentage. The study revealed that lettuce's best growth values were obtained with the use of eco-friendly organic fertilizer accompanied by more than control one and chemical fertilizer. The average maximum length of plants after 60 days were recorded in T2 (42.3 cm) > T3 (37.3 cm), T4 (35.9 cm) and > T1 (23.8 cm). The results indicated that compost treated plant (T2 and tea compost T3) had highest chlorophyll content, i.e. 42.3 and 40.6%, respectively, as compared to chemical fertilizers T4 (37.3%) and the lowest chlorophyll content was in control T1 (30.9%). The values for wet shoot and root after 60 days were: 1575.2, 81.5 gm T2 > 1367.6, 64.9 gm T3 > 1251.1, 53.4 gm T4 and 612.1, 43.7 gm T1, respectively. The values for dry shoot and root after 60 days were: 131.5, 8.2 gm, T2 > 112.7, 6.4 gm, T3 > 101.9, 5.3 gm T4 and > 51, 4.1 gm T1, respectively.

The impact of lime and organic fertilization on the growth of wild-simulated American ginseng

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nadeau ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
A. Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
The Impact

A 5-yr experiment was undertaken in a red maple forest to evaluate the effects of lime and organic fertilizer application on the growth parameters of wild-simulated American ginseng growing on a very acidi c soil. The application of lime had a positive impact on ginseng emergence and survival rate; it also significantly increased soil Ca, as compared to no application (control). During the last years of the experiment, adding lime also increased leaf area, a s well as shoot and root mass of ginseng. Adding lime and organic fertilizer together positively affected ginseng survival rate and root mass, as compared to adding lime alone. These results indicate that liming can improve the growth and survival of Amer ican ginseng during the first 5 yr of its development in this very acidic maple forest soil. The improvement could be due, at least partly, to increased Ca content in the soil. Addition of organic fertilizer would be beneficial as long as sufficient Ca2+is provided to alleviate the Al toxicity of this soil. Thus, using such cultural practices, wild-cultivation of American ginseng, even in red maple forests, could constitute a valuable alternative to field-cultivation. Key words:

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