Increased organic fertilizer application and reduced chemical fertilizer application affect the soil properties and bacterial communities of grape rhizosphere soil

Chemical fertilizer has been excessively used for high yield of citrus around the world, especially in China; meanwhile, it deteriorates the citrus orchard soil environment. To resolve the conflict, the use of organic fertilizer provides a promising solution. However, the data about organic fertilizer used in citrus orchard is rarely available. Here, four treatments including CK (no fertilizer), CF (chemical fertilizer), OF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer; application of N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 0.564, 0.236, 0.336 and 10 kg/plant), and BF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bioorganic fertilizer; application of N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer is 0.508, 0.320, 0.310 and 10 kg/plant) were performed in a ‘Ponkan’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer on citrus yield, growth, soil properties etc. when nutrients of fertilizer of each treatment were equal except CK. The data obtained in 2019 and 2020 showed that both OF + CF and BF + CF were beneficial to improve soil fertility (soil physicochemical and microbe properties) and citrus growth physiology (growth, nutrient and photosynthesis), alleviate NO3−-N leaching, and promote yields. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that BF + CF was more effective than OF + CF. Together, organic fertilizer has the potential to substitute partial chemical fertilizer with improvement in soil properties, growth physiology, and yield of citrus.

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Rhizosphere soil properties, microbial community, and enzyme activities: Short-term responses to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 113650

Author(s):

Jianhong Ren ◽

Xiaoli Liu ◽

Wenping Yang ◽

Xiaoxiao Yang ◽

Wenguang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Short Term

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Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v74n3.90967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 9643-9653

Author(s):

Ratih Sandrakirana ◽

Zainal Arifin

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Food Sources ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Dry Land ◽

Randomized Design

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).

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Excessive Application of Fertilizer, Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution, and Farmers’ Policy Choice

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11041165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haixia Wu ◽

Yan Ge

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Point Source Pollution ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Non Point Source Pollution

This paper takes 516 households who planted wheat in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province in 2018, as samples to construct three policy environments: Technological guidance for planting, subsidies for organic fertilizer application, and agricultural tailwater discharge standards. The experimental choice method was used to empirically analyze policy preferences during the process of fertilizer reduction. The results indicate that households show different preferences for the three policy settings: The fertilizer application rate is reduced by 6.98% if providing full technological guidance for farmers throughout the wheat planting process and is reduced by 5.18% under the background of providing appropriate organic fertilizer subsidies. The agricultural tailwater discharge standards have the least impact on the reducing level of chemical fertilizer application, with decreasing amounts of only 1.85% and 0.77% under the second-level and the first-level agricultural tailwater discharge standards, respectively. These results indicate that households in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, demonstrate a low willingness to accept the agricultural tailwater discharge standards in order to cut down on the amount of chemical fertilizer application and the agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, compared with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1% of fertilizer usage nationwide according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, given the current planting environment and policies design, providing comprehensive technological guidance as well as price subsidies for the organic fertilizer can significantly and robustly reduce the excessive application of fertilizer in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, under the best scenario, thereby further alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution.

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Bio-organic fertilizer application significantly reduces the Fusarium oxysporum population and alters the composition of fungi communities of watermelon Fusarium wilt rhizosphere soil

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s00374-014-0898-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 765-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Shuang Zhao ◽

Dongyang Liu ◽

Ning Ling ◽

Fadi Chen ◽

Weimin Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application

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Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome Composition and Functions

Land ◽

10.3390/land9090329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Yanan Li ◽

Chengyu Wang ◽

Tianye Wang ◽

Yutao Liu ◽

Shuxia Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

N Fixation ◽

Microbiome Composition

Fertilization influences the soil microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial metabolic pathways. In this study, we investigated the soil microbiome composition and function and microbial participation in the N cycle according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation of different genes in a metagenomic analysis after long-term fertilization. Fertilizer application significantly changed the soil C/N ratio. Chemical fertilizer (NPK) treatment decreased soil pH, and chemical fertilizer combined with straw (NPK+S0.5) treatment increased ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) but decreased nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N). NPK, NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 applications did not change the soil microbiome composition or dominant phylum but changed the relative abundances of microbiome components. Moreover, fertilizer significantly influenced metabolic processes, cellular processes and single-organism processes. Compared with a no-fertilizer treatment (CK), the NPK treatment resulted in more differentially expressed gene (DEG) pathways than the NPK+S0.5 and S0.5 treatments, and these pathways significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), available phosphorus (AP) and the moisture content of soil (MC). KEGG analysis found that fertilizer application mainly affected the ribosome, photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. S0.5 and NPK+S0.5 increased microbial nitrogen fixation, and NPK and NPK+S0.5 decreased amoA and amoB and accelerated denitrification. Thus, organic fertilizer increased N fixation and nitrification, and inorganic N fertilizer accelerated denitrification. We found that the function of the soil microbiome under different fertilizer applications could be important for the rational application of fertilizer and for environmental and sustainable development.

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In situ earthworm breeding in orchards significantly improves the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2752 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huimin Xiang ◽

Jia-en Zhang ◽

Lei Guo ◽

Benliang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growth Period ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Total Acid ◽

Growth Quality

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four fertilizer applications—control (C), chemical fertilizer (F), compost (O), and in situ earthworm breeding (E)—on the growth, quality and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.). In this study, 5 g plant−1 urea (CH4N2O, %N = 46.3%) and 100 g plant−1 microelement fertilizer was applied to each treatment. The fertilizer applications of these four treatments are different from each other. The results showed that the E treatment had the highest growth parameters over the whole growth period. At 127 days after transplantation, the plant heights were ordered E > F > O > C, and the stem diameters were E > F > O > C, with significant differences between all treatments. Soluble-solid, sugar, vitamin C, and protein content significantly increased in the E treatment. In addition, the total acid and the electrical conductivity of the fruit significantly decreased in the E treatment. Fruit firmness clearly increased in the O treatment, and decreased in the F treatment. The fresh individual fruit weights, fruit numbers, and total yields were greatly improved in the F and E treatments, and the total yield of the E treatment was higher than that in the F treatment. In conclusion, the in situ earthworm breeding treatment performed better than conventional compost and chemical fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, in situ earthworm breeding may be a potential organic fertilizer application in orchards because it not only improves the fruit quality and yield but also reduces the amount of organic wastes from agriculture as a result of the activities of earthworms.

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Effects of Garlic Rotation and Organic Fertilizer Application on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Continuous Cropping Tomato

Journal of Bio-agriculture ◽

10.37256/jba.112021628 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-36

Author(s):

Yanyan Zhao ◽

Guangjing Yin ◽

Zuomin Song ◽

Baoye Chen ◽

Qiangfeng Li

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Community Structure ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Early Stage ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Tomato Plants

16S/18S/ITS's amplicon and metagenome sequencing had been used extensively to investigate the root mi- crobial community structure of crops and model plants. In this study, the rhizosphere soils of the continuous cropping (Control), garlic rotation and organic fertilizer application tomato plants were taken as the test samples, respectively, to measure the microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that both planting modes had significant effects on the microecology of continuous cropping tomato rhizosphere soil. After garlic rotation, the diversity (Shannon index and Simpson index) and relative abundance (Ace index and Chao1 index) of soil bacterial community decreased significantly in the early stage, but increased significantly in the later stage. These changes could be significantly alleviated by the application of organic fertilizer. During the whole growth period of tomato plants, the activities the six soil enzymes (sucrase, catalase, urease, protease, amylase and alkaline phosphatase) were all the highest in the organic fertilizer application plot, followed by the rotation plot and the continuous cropping plot. With the extension of planting time, the activities of soil protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase increased gradually, while that of sucrase decreased gradually. Catalase activity initially increased and then decreased, while amylase activity did not change significantly with time. After garlic rotation, mortality rate of tomato plants decreased significantly, and all growth indexes were significantly better than those of the control treatment. To sum up, garlic/tomato rotation can effectively improve the soil environment and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of tomatoes in greenhouse. Moreover, rotation combining with organic fertilizer application can acquire the most obvious mitigation effect.

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