scholarly journals The association between meteorological variables and road traffic injuries: a study from Macao

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chon-Fu Lio ◽  
Hou-Hon Cheong ◽  
Chon-Hou Un ◽  
Iek-Long Lo ◽  
Shin-Yi Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Windy Weather

Objective Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per 1,000 vectors. Design Ecological time-series study. Setting Macao traffic accident registry database between January 1st, 2001 and November 31st, 2016. Participants In total, 393,176 traffic accidents and 72,501 cases of road traffic injuries (RTIs) were enrolled; patients’ severity was divided into mild injury, required hospitalisation, and death. Exposure Variation of monthly meteorological factors. Main outcome measure Weather-condition-related road traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths. Results Windy weather significantly correlated with increased number of traffic accidents among all transport vectors (r = .375 to .637; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed temperature (B = 0.704; p < 0.05) and humidity (B =  − 0.537; p < 0.001) were independent factors for mild injury. The role of windy weather was relatively more obvious among patients with severe injuries (B = 0.304; p < 0.001) or those who died (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). A longer duration of sunshine was also associated to RTI-related deaths (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). In total, 13.4% of RTIs were attributable to meteorological factors and may be preventable. Conclusion The World Health Organization stated that RTIs are a major but neglected public health challenge. This study demonstrates meteorological factors have significant effects on any degree of RTIs. The results may not be generalized to other climates or populations while the findings may have implications in both preventing injuries and to announce safety precautions regarding trauma and motor vehicle collisions to the general public by public agencies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents and Injuries in Nigeria: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Osobuchi Ngene ◽  
Olatoun Adefunke Adeola ◽  
Chi-kadibia T Ukoma ◽  
Augustine Nwakuche Duru ◽  
Kayode Olaoluwa Olaniyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number

Abstract Background: About 1.35 million people die annually worldwide due to road traffic accidents. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. About 93% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-and middle-income countries, even though these countries have approximately 60% of the world's vehicles. Road Traffic Accidents constitute the third leading cause of trauma related deaths in Nigeria. It is a substantial public health problem that deserves a systematic review.Methods and Analysis: We developed a search strategy using MeSH, text words and entry terms. Nine databases will be searched, including PubMed, African Journal Online, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and ResearchGate. Only observational studies, retrievable in the English language will be included. The primary outcome is prevalence of road traffic injuries in Nigeria. The secondary outcomes include proportion of road traffic accidents in Nigeria, patterns, predictors and consequences of road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Identified studies will be screened and selected based on inclusion criteria using Rayyan QCRI screening tool, by independent reviewers with dual blinding. Data items will be extracted into predefined forms in Microsoft Excel before exporting to CMA version 3 for analysis. Every selected study will have their NIH quality scores and Cochrane risk of bias reported. Studies will be assessed for methodological and statistical heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed using Funnel Plots and test of asymmetry. Results will include forest plots, pooled prevalence with standard error, variance, relative weights assigned to studies and heterogeneity test. Further analysis will include subgroup analysis and meta-regression using both categorical and quantitative variables.Discussion: This protocol will enable a transparent, accurate and reliable method for determining pooled prevalence, standard error and 95% CI of road traffic injuries in Nigeria. Patterns and outcomes of RTA in Nigeria will also be assessed. Evidence generated by this protocol will likely inform policy on prevention of RTA in NigeriaTrial Registration Number: This protocol is registered with PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42021226956.

scholarly journals Delivery of First Aid to Victims in Road Transportation Accidents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
A. V. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries

Relevance. Most of the victims of road accidents die prior to the arrival of medical staff, therefore, providing first aid to injured people in the first minutes after receiving injuries is very important for saving human life and health. Timely and skillful provision of first aid to victims of road accidents prevents further deterioration of the state of the human body and can positively affect the entire process of its further treatment and rehabilitation.Aim of study. To characterize the delivery of first aid to victims of road traffic accidents at the present stage and to outline possible ways for its improvement.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research and regulatory legal acts on the issue of providing first aid to victims of road accidents. The literature search was carried out in specialized scientific search engines eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus using the keywords: first aid, prehospital stage, road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents. For the analysis, scientific articles published between 1980 and 2020 were selected. Resources with outdated or inaccurate information were excluded, some scientific papers were found by links to articles. The state of the problem of providing first aid to victims of road traffic injuries, for the most part, reflects scientific publications over the past ten years.

scholarly journals Forecasting road traffic accident deaths in India using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
Manikandan M. ◽  
Vishnu Prasad R. ◽  
Amit Kumar Mishra ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Konduru ◽  
Newtonraj A.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Health Organization

Background: As per World Health Organization (WHO) report 1.24 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA) globally. A vast majority of 20-50 million people suffer from non-fatal injuries, many of them ultimately end in disability. Forecasting RTA deaths could help in planning the intervention at the right time in an effective way.Methods: An attempt was made to forecast the RTA deaths in India with seasonal auto regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. ARIMA model is one of the common methods which are used for forecasting variables as the method is very easy and requires only long time series data. The method of selection of appropriate ARIMA model has been explained in detail. Month wise RTA deaths for previous years data was collected from Govt. of India website. Data for 12 years (2001 to 2012) was extracted and appropriate ARIMA model was selected. Using the validated ARIMA model the RTA deaths are forecasted for 8 years (2013-2020).Results: The appropriate SARIMA (1,0,0) (2,1,0) 12 model was selected based on minimal AIC and BIC values. The forecasted RTA deaths show increasing trend overtime.Conclusions: There is an increasing trend in the forecasted numbers of road traffic accidental deaths and it also shows seasonality of RTA deaths with more number of accidents during the month of April and May in every years. It is recommended that the policy makers and transport authority should pay more attention to road traffic accidents and plan some effective intervention to reduce the burden of RTA deaths.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Injuries Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Saudi Arabia: A Review of Incidence, Demographic Factors & Prevention Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Kamran Bokhari Syed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries

<p><strong>Background</strong>: World Health Organization has estimated that nearly 25% of all injuries fatalities worldwide are a result of road traffic crashes with 90% of the fatalities occurring in low and middle income countries. Trauma in Saudi Arabia is a major public health problem with increasing rates of mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: To review the incidence of maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia and to highlight the etiological factors, the current preventive strategies and suggestions to reduce such injuries.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods</strong>: This review was conducted through literature search over a period of 25 years. The key words included in the search include road traffic injuries, maxillofacial trauma, Saudi Arabia. The search was conducted through search engines and which included Google, science direct, pub med. A total of 56 reference articles and web pages were reviewed. 31 of these references are cited in this review. The demographic factors involved in road traffic accidents, the existing legislation in the country as cited in the literature, primary care system and recent advances in management are highlighted in this review article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Trauma is a preventable cause of death, morbidity, depression and unemployment. Simple measures such as seat belt legislation, traffic monitoring, creation of awareness among youth will significantly bring down loss of lives. This will create a better society to live and enjoy life.</p>

scholarly journals A study to assess the knowledge and practice of road safety measures among undergraduate medical students of M. R. Medical College, Kalaburagi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi R. Kalbandkeri ◽  
Boramma G. ◽  
Shreeshail Ghooli
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: Road traffic injuries claim more than 1.25 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development. They are the leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years globally. In the South East Asian region of the World Health Organization, India alone accounted for 73 percent of these Road traffic accidents (RTA) burden. The importance of road safety measures needs to be emphasized in the prevention of the road traffic accidents. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and practice of road safety measures among undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 medical undergraduates of M.R. Medical College from 1st September to 1st October 2016. Data was collected using pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Statistical analysis was done using relevant statistical tests.Results: Out of the 310 students 54.19% were males and 45.81% were females. 90.9% of the participants had driving licence, 32.1% of the students had taken training for driving the car and 66% of the students did not wear helmet. Female students had high knowledge of the road safety measures when compared to male students.Conclusions: The overall knowledge of road safety measures was high among the study participants. Regarding practice behaviours they were not desirable like practice of wearing helmet and exceeding speed limit. Undertaking proper road safety measures are the best available interventions to curb the epidemic of RTA.

scholarly journals Modelling Deaths Associated with Road Traffic Accidents and other Factors on Great North Road in Zambia between the Years 2010 and 2016 Using Poisson Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Ronald Fisa ◽  
Chola Nakazwe ◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Best Fit

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads, with 20-50 million sustaining non-fatal injuries. More than 85% (1.05 million) of the global deaths due to injuries occur in the developing world. Road traffic deaths and injuries are a major but neglected public health challenge that requires concerted efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. The objectives of the study were to estimate the incidence rate of death from RTAs, to determine factors associated with serious and fatal Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and to determine which of the poisson models fit the count data better. Methods: Data was collected from Zambia Police (ZP), Traffic Division on accidents that occurred on the Great North Road (GNR) highway between Lusaka and Kapiri-Mposhi in Zambia from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. Results from standard Poisson regression were compared to those obtained using the Negative Binomial (NB), Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial (ZTNB) and the Zero-Truncated Poisson (ZTP) regression models. Diagnostic tests were used to determine the best fit model. The data was analysed using STATA software, version 14.0 SE (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Results: A total of 1, 023 RTAs were analysed in which 1, 212 people died. Of these deaths, 82 (7%) were Juveniles and 1, 130 (93%) were adults. Cause of accident such as pedestrians crossing the road accounted for 30% (310/1,023) while 29% (295/1,023) were as a result of driver’s excessive speed. The study revealed that driving in the early hours of the day (1AM-6AM) as compared to driving in the night (7PM-12AM) had a significant increase in the incidence rate of death from RTAs, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of 2.1, (95% CI={1.01-4.41}), p-value=0.048. Results further showed that public transport as compared to private transport had an increased incidence rate of death from RTAs (IRR=5.65, 95% CI={2.97-10.73}), p-value<0.0001. The two competing models were the ZTP and the ZTNB. The ZTP had AIC=1304.55, BIC= 1336.55, whereas the ZTNB had AIC=742.25 and BIC=819.69. This indicated that the ZTNB with smaller AIC and BIC was the best fit model for the data. Conclusion: There is a reduced incidence of dying if one is using a private vehicle as compared to a public vehicle. Driving in the early hours of the day (1AM and 6AM) had an increased incidence of death from RTAs. This study suggests that when dealing with counts in which there are a few zeros observed such as in serious and fatal RTAs, ZTNB fits the data well as compared to other models.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Nowruz 2016 and Nowruz 2017 Accidents Data in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Rahmani Daranjani ◽  
◽  
Mahmoud Rezaeizadeh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

Background: Road traffic accidents are currently among the most essential public health issues. According to the World Health Organization, given the rapid growth of road transport globally, road traffic accidents could be the third leading cause of death and disability in the world by 2020. This article examined the role of the human factor in road accidents during the Nowruz holidays, as a major cultural event in Iran. Materials and Methods: We explored the data of road accidents that occurred in Nowruz in 2016 and 2017 in Iran. Traffic accident data concerning the Nowruz holidays of 2016 and 2017 were collected by census method of sampling and based on the report of highway police. Additionally, the frequency of these accidents was analyzed according to travel time, accident type, gender, age, education, and vehicle type in different provinces. Results: The present study findings suggested that among human factors affecting Nowruz accidents in 2016 and 2017, the highest frequency belonged to unnecessary speeding. As in 2016 and 2017, it was the main responsible characteristic for 56.42% and 55.01% of accidents, respectively. In Nowruz 2016, the provinces of Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Fars, and Khuzestan; in Nowruz 2017, the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, and Gilan encountered the highest rates of accidents leading to injuries and deaths. Conclusion: To control unnecessary speeding and regulations disregard, planning for culturizing and the community-level education are suggested. Besides, increasing the quality and intelligence of vehicles and the construction of sliders, vertical lines on the road, warning signs, and billboards could help reduce the rate of accidents. Creating a working group of experts in psychology, traffic, etc., to study the pathology of dangerous behaviors, useless haste, and disregard for regulations and providing solutions could also be effective.

scholarly journals High Mortality Rates from Road Traffic Accidents in the Russian Federation: Possible Causes and Ways to Overcome Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Popov ◽  
U. M. Kaimakova ◽  
N. P. Stetsky
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Russian Federation

Road traffic accidents cause enormous material and moral damage both to the society as a whole and to individual citizens. According to the data, the Russian Federation is among countries with highest road traffic mortality rates within European Region of the World Health Organization.The objective of the study was to attempt to identify possible causes of high mortality rates from traffic accidents on the roads of the Russian Federation and to reveal ways to reduce those rates.To that purpose a survey of citizens of the Russian Federation who are driver’s license owners and who are experienced drivers was conducted in different regions of the country. The results identified low medical literacy in terms of provision of first aid to the injured persons as one of the causes.Other factors, potentially capable to reduce the number of fatalities in road traffic accidents, once their performance indicators improve, have also been considered. Those indicators comprise time of arrival of ambulance crews at the site of an accident with enough medical equipment and medicines, interaction of emergency services, growth of efficiency of training in providing primary medical care at driving schools.

Heavy truck driving attitude and behavior contributing to road traffic accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tarek M. Esmael ◽  
Abdulamajeed Al Amri ◽  
Tariq Al Anazi ◽  
Saleh Al Attawi ◽  
Hany Hosny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World

According to the World Health Organisation, road traffic accidents are the leading cause of most emergency  admissions in hospitals worldwide. Many people have indicated that road traffic collisions are a significant contributor to DALYs lost. For example, according to the World Health Survey in 2010, road traffic events have been reported as the ninth most common cause of injury-modified life years (DALYs) lost across all age and gender classes. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that one out of every 10 deaths in the world are caused by road traffic accidents. More than 200,000 people are killed in the United States each year from different reasons. The number of disabled people related to this disease will grow even further by 2020. There are nearly 1.5 million out of about 47 million people who are wounded in the highways every year in the United States Drivers were found to be more likely to saddle up for the journey as they set out on main roads. Car seat-belts can make driving more safe by reducing the effect made on the drivers and the passengers in the car. The driver's mood about the problem of distracted driving can be a critical factor in avoiding road traffic accidents. To be safe, drivers should have at least one restful day a week, should not drive for more than eight hours a day, should not travel more than 800 kilometers a day, and will need to have routine checks so that everything is going well and is running properly. Traffic laws, traffic signs, other vehicles, and many other items when on the road; drivers should not eat any nourishment, they should not consume any quantity of alcoholic beverages, they should not use electronic cigarettes, they should not put their mobile phones on.

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