scholarly journals Concentrated ambient PM2.5 exposure affects mice sperm quality and testosterone biosynthesis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Yang ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
Shengxin Liu ◽  
Zhijuan Cao ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Testosterone Biosynthesis

Background Studies suggested that PM2.5 exposure could lead to adverse reproductive effects on male animals. However, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Besides, animals in the majority of previous studies were exposed to PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation which should be improved. In addition, limited amount of research has been conducted in China where the PM2.5 concentration is higher and the PM2.5 components are different. The aim of this work is to explore the effects of concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) on mice sperm quality and testosterone biosynthesis. Methods A total of 12 male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or CAP for 125 days using the Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System. The mice sperm concentration, sperm motility, DNA fragmentation index, high DNA stainability and plasma testosterone were analyzed. Testicular histology and sperm morphology were observed through optical microscope. Testosterone biosynthesis related gene expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR, including cytochrome P450 CHOL side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β HSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). Results Exposure to CAP resulted in disturbance of various stages of spermatogenesis and significant higher percentage of abnormal sperm (FA vs. CAP: 24.37% vs. 44.83%) in mice testis. CAP exposure significantly decreased sperm concentration (43.00 × 106 vs. 25.33 × 106) and motility (PR: 63.58% vs. 55.15%; PR + NP: 84.00% vs. 77.08%) in epididymis. Plasma testosterone concentration were significantly declined (0.28 ng/ml vs. 0.69 ng/ml) under CAP exposure. Notably, the levels of testosterone biosynthesis related genes, StAR, P450scc, P450arom, ER and FSHR were significantly decreased with CAP exposure. Conclusion Concentrated ambient PM2.5 exposure altered mice sperm concentration, motility and morphology, which might be mediated primarily by the decline in testosterone concentration and testosterone biosynthesis process.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in reproductive activity, sperm variables and sperm freezability in Blanca Andaluza bucks

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Gallego-Calvo ◽  
M. Carolina Gatica ◽  
Julian Santiago-Moreno ◽  
José L. Guzmán ◽  
Luis Zarazaga
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Testicular Weight

<p>Interest in the preservation of endangered breeds such as the Blanca Andaluza goat, has increased and some steps should be therefore taken to ensure it. The study was designed to determine the seasonal reproductive pattern of Blanca Andaluza bucks, and whether this affects the quality of their semen and its freezability over the year. Seven bucks were used and their body weight, testicular weight, plasma testosterone concentration and fresh sperm quality determined every week. The collected sperm was cryopreserved and stored; it was then thawed and the same sperm quality variables measured every fortnight. High plasma testosterone concentrations were recorded during the summer and autumn, and low concentrations were recorded during winter and spring (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001). No differences were seen between seasons in terms of the percentage of bucks ejaculating, the percentage of active bucks, or ejaculate volume. However, the sperm concentration, the total number of sperm per ejaculate, and the values for most fresh sperm variables were lower during the winter period (at least <em>p</em>&lt;0.05). After freezing-thawing, the quality of winter-collected sperm was better, in some respects, than that of summer-collected sperm (at least <em>p</em>&lt;0.05).<em> </em>These results reveal that Blanca Andaluza bucks show seasonal reproductive activity in terms of their plasma testosterone concentration, but no clear change in their sexual behaviour between seasons was observed. The values of fresh sperm variables also vary over the year, reaching their lowest during winter. However, after freezing-thawing, winter-collected sperm is of overall better quality than sperm collected during the summer.<em></em></p>

Influence of season and low-level oestradiol immunoneutralization on episodic LH and testosterone secretion and testicular steroidogenic enzymes and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the adult ram

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Price ◽  
GM Cooke ◽  
LM Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Biosynthesis ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

The regulation of LH-dependent and -independent increases in testosterone secretion by key proteins in the testes of adult rams was investigated. Serial blood samples were collected from groups of four control and passively immunized (oestradiol antiserum for 3 weeks) rams and the animals were gonadectomized in either the non-breeding season (April) or the breeding season (September). LH pulse frequency and basal (interpulse) concentrations were several times greater (P < 0.01) in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Neither of these parameters nor LH pulse amplitude were affected by oestradiol immunization. Parameters of testosterone episodic secretion and response to an injection (i.v.) of 15 micrograms NIH-LH-S25 were also greater (P < 0.05) in the breeding season and, with the exception of pulse frequency, in immunized rams versus controls. Substrate utilization established that testosterone biosynthesis was predominantly via the 5-ene pathway. Increases in blood testosterone concentration in the breeding season were associated with a fivefold higher (P < 0.01) activity of cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase/C-17,20 lyase (P450(17alpha)) and a 65% higher (P < 0.05) relative amount of mRNA for cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex (P450scc) in the testis. Of the steroidogenic enzyme activities examined, only that for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) tended to be increased by oestradiol immunization. Blood concentrations of cholesterol lipoproteins and expression of the testicular low density lipoprotein receptor were not affected by season or immunization. The amount of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA was 65% higher (P < 0.01) in the breeding season and 20% higher (P < 0.01) in immunized rams versus controls. These results indicate that greater LH stimulation may increase testosterone biosynthesis in the breeding season by increasing StAR mRNA (and presumably delivery of cholesterol to P450scc) and the activity of P450(17alpha), and possibly that of P450scc (activity not measured). More moderate increases in StAR mRNA and 17beta-HSD activity may explain, in part, the increases in testosterone secretion with oestradiol immunization.

scholarly journals Differences in expression of genes related to steroidgenesis in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women with and without PCOS; a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Emami ◽  
Ashraf Moini ◽  
Parichehreh Yaghmaei ◽  
Vahid Akbarinejad ◽  
Maryam Shahhoseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background It was reported that steroid-related gene expressions in the adipose tissue (AT) of women differ between women affected with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS. Although association between PCOS in mother and offspring’s health is a crucial issue, there are few studies focusing on AT of pregnant women suffering from PCOS. Our objectives were to determine the differences between mRNA expression levels of key steroid-converting enzymes in abdominal subcutaneous AT of pregnant women afflicted with PCOS and non-PCOS. Methods Twelve pregnant women with PCOS (case) and thirty six non-PCOS pregnant women (control) (1:3 ratio; age- and BMI-matched) undergoing cesarean section were enrolled for the present study. Expressions of fifteen genes related to steriodogenesis in abdominal subcutaneous AT were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results No significant differences were detected with respect to age, BMI (prior pregnancy and at delivery day), gestational period and parity among pregnant women with PCOS and non-PCOS. Most of the sex steroid-converting genes except 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases2 (17BHSD2), were highly expressed on the day of delivery in subcutaneous AT. Women with PCOS showed significantly higher mRNA levels of steroidgenic acute regulator (STAR; P < 0.001), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP11A1; P < 0.05), 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1; P < 0.05), and 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD1 and 11BHSD2; P < 0.05). The expression of steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) in non-PCOS was fourfold higher than those of women with PCOS (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between relative expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3BHSD1 and 3BHSD2), and 17BHSD family (1, 3, 5, 7, and 12) between the two groups. Conclusion The expression levels of genes related to sex steroids metabolism were similar to age-matched and BMI- matched pregnant non-PCOS and pregnant women with PCOS at delivery day. However, the alterations in gene expressions involved in glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids metabolism were shown. It is necessary to point out that further studies regarding functional activity are required. More attention should be given to AT of pregnant women with PCOS that was previously ignored.

210 EXPRESSION OF mRNA ENCODING STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES IN THE DEVELOPING BOVINE OVARY

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
R. B. da Silva ◽  
E. S. Caixeta ◽  
P. Ripamonte ◽  
A. C. S. Castilho ◽  
C. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Fetal Ovary ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

Recent findings suggest a role for estradiol in the regulation of early folliculogenesis. Estradiol production is greatest in the fetal ovary during early gestation in cattle, and both estradiol and progesterone inhibit primordial follicle activation (Yang MY and Fortune JE 2008 Biol. Reprod. 78 (Suppl 6), 1153-1161). Aromatase expression is detected in early stages of bovine pregnancy (Garverick HA et al. 2009 Anim. Reprod. Sci. in press). The mechanisms controlling steroidogenesis in the bovine fetal ovary remain to be fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to assess mRNA expression patterns of enzymes involved in steroid production [steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), side-chain cleavage P450 (CYP11), cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3fi-HSD), aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19), and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17fi-HSD)] in bovine fetal ovaries during gestation. Bovine fetal ovaries were obtained in a local slaughterhouse, fetal age was estimated by the crown-rump length, and samples were grouped according with days of gestation as follows: 60 (n = 5), 75 (n = 8), 90 (n = 6), 120 (n = 7), 150 (n = 7), and 210 (n = 6). Expression of mRNA encoding steroidogenic enzymes was determined by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR using bovine-specific primers and cyclophilin A as endogenous control. Reverse transcription was performed with SuperScriptIII® (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and PCR with Power SYBR green master mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) in an ABI Prism® 7500 (Applied Biosystems). Gene expression values were determined by the Pfaffl equation and effect of day of gestation on gene expression was analyzed with Fisher’s protected test, except when data were not normally distributed and nonparametric analysis was performed. Expression of mRNA encoding all steroidogenic enzymes was detected throughout gestation. The mRNA abundance of CYP17A1 and CYP19 was highest at 60 days of gestation and decreased thereafter (P < 0.05). Expression of all other genes did not significantly vary with time of gestation. In conclusion, all major enzymes required for steroidogenesis were expressed in the bovine fetal ovary. Expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19 was suppressed after 60 days of gestation, suggesting that these enzymes may be involved in the mechanisms controlling estradiol production and follicle formation in the bovine fetal ovary. Supported by CAPES and FAPESP.

scholarly journals Inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ethanol. Relation to hepatic and testicular acetaldehyde, ketone bodies and cytosolic redox state in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J P Eriksson ◽  
T V Widenius ◽  
R H Ylikahri ◽  
M Härkönen ◽  
P Leinonen
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Testosterone Biosynthesis ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Acetaldehyde Level ◽  
Pyruvate Ratio

In experiments in which liver and testis freeze-stops were performed on pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats, ethanol (1.5 g/kg body wt.) reduced plasma testosterone concentration from 13.1 to 3.2 nmol/litre. 4-Methylpyrazole abolished the ethanol-induced hepatic and testicular increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio, and the testicular acetaldehyde level, but did not diminish the reduction in plasma testosterone concentration. In testes, but not in liver, ethanol decreased the 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio, and 4-methylpyrazole did not prevent this effect. In experiments in which freeze-stop was performed after cervical dislocation, ethanol decreased the testis testosterone concentration from 590 to 220 pmol per g wet wt. The effects of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole on testis acetaldehyde, lactate/pyruvate and 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratios were the same as found during anaesthesia. The NAD+-dependent ethanol oxidation capacity in testis ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mumol/min per g wet wt. and seemed to be inhibited by 4-methylpyrazole both in vivo and in vitro. In additional experiments, ethanol doses between 0.3 and 0.9 g/kg body wt. did not alter the plasma testosterone concentration in rats treated, or not treated, with cyanamide, which induced elevated acetaldehyde levels in blood and testes. The results suggest that ethanol-induced inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis was not caused by extratesticular redox increases, or by extra- or intra-testicular acetaldehyde per se. The inhibition is accompanied by changes in testicular ketone-body metabolism.

scholarly journals Role of transforming growth factor-β1 in gene expression and activity of estradiol and progesterone-generating enzymes in FSH-stimulated bovine granulosa cells

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zheng ◽  
Christopher A Price ◽  
Yves Tremblay ◽  
Jacques G Lussier ◽  
Paul D Carrière
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Cell Protein

Survival and inhibitory factors regulate steroidogenesis and determine the fate of developing follicles. The objective of this study was to determine the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) in the regulation of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) secretion in FSH-stimulated bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were obtained from 2 to 5 mm follicles and cultured in serum-free medium. FSH dose (1 and 10 ng/ml for 6 days) and time in culture (2, 4, and 6 days with 1 ng/ml FSH) increased E2secretion and mRNA expression of E2-related enzymes cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1), but notHSD17B7. TGFB1 in the presence of FSH (1 ng/ml) inhibited E2secretion, and decreased mRNA expression of FSH receptor(FSHR),CYP19A1, andHSD17B1, but notHSD17B7. FSH dose did not affect P4secretion and mRNA expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) and α-glutathioneS-transferase (GSTA), but inhibited the amount of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(STAR)mRNA. Conversely, P4and mRNA expression ofSTAR, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage(CYP11A1),HSD3B, andGSTAincreased with time in culture. TGFB1 inhibited P4secretion and decreased mRNA expression ofSTAR,CYP11A1,HSD3B, andGSTA. TGFB1 modified the formation of granulosa cell clumps and reduced total cell protein. Finally, TGFB1 decreased conversion of androgens to E2, but did not decrease the conversion of estrone (E1) to E2and pregnenolone to P4. Overall, these results indicate that TGFB1 counteracts stimulation of E2and P4synthesis in granulosa cells by inhibiting key enzymes involved in the conversion of androgens to E2and cholesterol to P4without shutting down HSD17B reducing activity and HSD3B activity.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Testicular Tissues of the Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582110198
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Ijaz ◽  
Sabahat Shahzadi ◽  
Abdul Samad ◽  
Nazia Ehsan ◽  
Hussain Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Due to the continuous increase in polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) incorporation in the environment, growing number of adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystem have become a global concern. Therefore, current study was planned to elucidate the impacts of 5 different concentrations control, 2, 20, 200, and 2000 μgL-1 of PS MPs on testicular tissues of rats. PS MPs significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) as well as total protein contents, while elevated the level of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, expressions of steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) as well as the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma, intra-testicular testosterone and plasma testosterone were reduced and a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction was noticed in the sperm count, motility and viability. Furthermore, PS MPs significantly up-regulated the expressions of Bax and caspase-3, while down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression. The histomorphological assessment revealed significant damages in the testicles as well as decrease in the number of germ cells (spermatogenic, spermatocytes and spermatids). Collectively, PS MPs generated oxidative stress (OS) and caused potential damage to the testicles of rats in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Changes in mRNAs encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, steroidogenic enzymes and receptors for gonadotropins during spermatogenesis in rainbow trout testes

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kusakabe ◽  
I Nakamura ◽  
J Evans ◽  
P Swanson ◽  
G Young
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein ◽  
Fsh Receptor ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzyme ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

In vertebrates, sperm development and maturation are directly regulated by gonadal steroid hormone secretion. The relationships among the expression of genes encoding steroidogenic proteins and receptors for gonadotropins, and testicular steroid production have not yet been comprehensively determined in male teleosts. In this study, the changes in levels of mRNAs encoding follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor, luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5–4-isomerase, cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were determined by real-time, quantitative PCR assays and related to changes in serum steroid levels throughout the reproductive cycle in male rainbow trout. Serum 11-ketotestosterone and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels were measured by RIA. Although the pattern of change in the mRNA levels for the enzymes was variable, the increases in steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs started prior to a significant increase of serum steroid levels. The patterns of transcript levels of FSH and LH receptors suggest that changes in StAR and steroidogenic enzyme transcripts are largely mediated by the FSH receptor during early and mid-spermatogenesis and by the LH receptor during late spermatogenesis and spermiation. Levels of StAR (10-fold) and P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (sevenfold) transcripts changed with the greatest magnitude and were closely related to the changes in serum steroids, suggesting that changes in StAR and P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase abundance are likely to be the major influences on overall steroidogenic output during the reproductive cycle in male rainbow trout.

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