Prevalence, Agronomic Characteristics and Biology of Weedy Rice Biotypes of Nueva Ecija, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWIN C. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics

A survey of different weedy rice biotypes was conducted in rice field areasof Nueva Ecija from CY 2004-2006 to determine their prevalence, agronomiccharacteristics and biology. Surveys and quadrat samplings were conducted inrandom alongside of the roads to gather data on prevalence, height, numberof panicles/plant and density/m of weedy rice as well as the cultivated onesthey were associated. Studies on seed germination test, biology and agronomical characteristics of different weedy rice biotypes were also conducted at thelaboratory and screenhouse of Crop Protection Division, Philippine Rice ResearchInstitute.  Five weedy rice biotypes designated as WR-NE 1, WR-NE 2, WR-NE3, WR-NE 4 and WR-NE 5 were found distributed almost everywhere in ricefields of Nueva Ecija. Among the biotypes, WR-NE 1 was the most common inmany rice fields. Prevalence of all biotypes around the province ranged from 1to 17%. In the field, all biotypes were found taller but had fewer panicles plantthan cultivated rice varieties. In the laboratory, all weedy rice biotypes emergedearlier than PSB Rc82 and IR64. Under screenhouse condition, all weedy ricebiotypes were taller, produced more leaves and culms plant than the cultivatedrice. WR-NE 5 was the tallest biotype while WR-NE 1 and WR-NE 2 had themost number of leaves and culms plant-1-1. All biotypes matured earlier but hadno seed shattering characteristics. The biotypes had comparable values in termsof flag leaf areas and LAI/plant with PSB Rc82. Shoot dry weight and number ofpanicles/plant of all biotypes was significantly higher than the control varieties.WR-NE 4 and WR-NE 5 had the longest panicles, longer and wider grains.Grains/panicle was highest in WR-NE 5 (102 grains/panicle). Grain lengthwidthratio (GLWR)of all biotypes, however,weresignificantly lowerthan thetwocontrolvarieties.WR-NE1 and WR-NE4 had the longest length of awnwhileWR-NE4 and WR-NE5 had the highest grain weight(both at 24 g/1000grains).The growthand developmentof the fiveweedyrice biotypes weremuchadvantageouscomparedto selected cultivarssuggesting their competitivenessandthreatin achieving the potential yield and quality of harvestedcultivatedrice. Keywords - Plant ecology, prevalence, agronomic characteristics, weed biology, biotype,Oryza sativa L., weedy rice, experimental design, Philippines

scholarly journals A large-scale analysis of seed natural aging revealed stronger aging resistance in weedy rice than coexisting cultivated rice for continuous 4 years across China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
weimin dai ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Yu-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xi-Xi Sun ◽  
Jin-Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Aging Resistance

Abstract Increasing resistance to aging is conducive to seed storage and germination rate of crop. Meanwhile, the resistance to aging is one of the important adaptive mechanisms of weed to thrive in farmland. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) provide a unique pair demonstrating a weed and conspecific model crop that can be used to study the aging resistance of plants across a diverse geographical range. Chinese weedy rice derived from de-domestication of cultivated rice has rapidly risen to malignant weeds, though the hazard has only been reported for about 20 years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolves higher seed aging resistance than cultivated rice during the process of dedomestication, which is conducive to its persistence in rice fields, is still unclear. In this experiment, the seeds of weed rice populations and their co-existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated under normal and high temperatures for consecutive four years (2013–2016). Our study found that the aging resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of the co-existing rice cultivars, and weedy rice may have evolved a different aging resistance mechanism than rice cultivars and could be used as a germplasm resource to cultivate aging-resistant rice. The indica-type has strong aging resistance and no dormancy, while the japonica type has weak aging resistance and a little weak dormancy. Thus, by introducing indica-type aging-resistant alleles into japonica rice, cultivation of aging-resistant japonica rice could be possible.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships and diversity of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and cultivated rice varieties in Okayama Prefecture, Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Akasaka ◽  
Jun Ushiki ◽  
Hiroyoshi Iwata ◽  
Ryuji Ishikawa ◽  
Toshio Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Okayama Prefecture

scholarly journals Distinctness of 110 rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh through morphological traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MKH Sohag ◽  
L Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Research Institute

A total of 110 rice varieties of which 108 local (From Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and two hybrid varieties (From ACI Ltd. Bangladesh) were used to identify the morphological traits during July, 2008 to June, 2009. These varieties represented four types viz. T. Aman (n=92), B. Aman (n=15), Boro (n=2) and Jhum accession (n=1) as described by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute’s literature. Though all these materials were varied ecotypically but grown in one (T. Aman) season. Irrespective of groups of all, 90 varieties were appeared distinctly morphologically from others due to seed colour; stigma colour; anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, nodes and lemma:palea, presence of awn and nodal root. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was noninfluenced by the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21236 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 29-36, June 2014

Effect of rice establishment methods on weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) infestation and grain yield of cultivated rice (O. sativa L.) in Sri Lanka

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Anuruddhika S.K. Abeysekera ◽  
Manoja S. Wickramarathe ◽  
Sakinda D. Kulatunga ◽  
Upali B. Wickrama
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Fine mapping of a gene causing hybrid pollen sterility between Yunnan weedy rice and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and phylogenetic analysis of Yunnan weedy rice

Planta ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Zheng Zheng Zhong ◽  
Zhi Gang Zhao ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Xiao Feng Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice

scholarly journals Relative Competitiveness Between Cultivated and Weedy Rice under Full and Low Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽  
W. LUBIAN ◽  
P.C. LIMA ◽  
D.M. CHIAPINOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Monoculture

ABSTRACT: Cultivated and weedy rice biotypes exhibit morphophysiological variations under low light, affecting competition between plants. The aim of this study was to assess relative competitiveness between cultivated and weedy rice under full and low light. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments in the experiment I were arranged in additive series while in the experiments II and III treatments were arranged in replacement series. Experiments II and III were carried out concomitantly to assess coexistence between the rice cultivar and weedy rice. The treatments consisted of different plants proportions: 100:0 (cultivated rice monoculture), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (weedy rice monoculture), keeping the total plant population obtained in experiment I (240 plants m-2) constant. Experiment II was conducted with full solar radiation and III under 50% light. The variables analyzed were shoot dry weight and plant height, 35 days after emergence (DAE). Competition among plants was evaluated via graphs and by interpreting competition indices. Concerning shoot dry weight, mutual losses were recorded between competitors, whereas equal competition for resources was observed for plant height. Weedy rice was more competitive than cultivated rice regardless of the light environment assessed, indicating the need for integrated methods to control this weed.

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

Responses of Weedy Rice to Drought Stress at Germination and Seedling Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Ding ◽  
Xiao Liang Liu ◽  
Dian Rong Ma ◽  
Xiao Xue Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Drought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing grain production and quality, the loss of which is the total for other natural disasters, with increasing global climate change making the situation more serious. Rice is the staple food for more than 23% of world population, so rice anti-drought physiology study is of importance to rice production and biological breeding for the sake of coping with abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research is involved in this hot topic, but the pace of progress is not so large because of drought resistance being a multiple-gene-control quantitative character. On the other hand, stress adaptive mechanisms are quite different, with stress degree, time course, materials, soil quality status and experimental plots, thus increasing the complexity of the issue in question. Additionally, a little study is related to weedy rice.In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), polyethyleneglycol-6000 (PEG-6000) are used to generate -1.33MPa and 0MPa water stress in a laboratory condition (28±3°C). Complete randomized design with three replications is used in the study. After 10 days of germination, shoot length, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root numbers are measured; germination percentage, and root to shoot ratio are calculated. Germination index (GI), shoot length stress index (SLSI), root length stress index (RLSI) and dry matter stress index (DMSI) are used to evaluate the response of different genotypes to PEG-induced water stress. Results of ANOVA analysis show that responses of weedy rice accessions and cultivated rice varieties to water stress are significant different, demonstrating the germplasm of weedy rice and cultivated rice are diverse which enables us to screen the germplasm tolerant to drought stress.

Geographic pattern of variation among Asian native rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) based on fifteen isozyme loci

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Glaszmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Himalayan Foothills

The geographic pattern of isozyme variation among rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia is described based on an electrophoretic survey of 1688 accessions for 15 loci. The distribution patterns are strongly determined by the existence of several varietal groups that are characterized by contrasting multilocus types with dissimilar environmental and macrogeographic distributions. The two main groups correspond to the indica and japonica subspecies. Other types are frequently found in the Indian subcontinent, especially along the Himalayan foothills. These types are predominant in the Indus River basin. They are differentiated into four groups in the eastern part of the Himalayan foothills. There is variation within the groups. Non-random allele distributions are observed, such as regional clines and narrow localization of alleles. Diversity among indica rice is evenly distributed in whole tropical Asia. Variation among japonica rice shows the hilly part of continental Southeast Asia to be the region of highest genetic diversity and its probable area of origin. All this information provides a guide for further analysis aimed at elucidating the history of cultivated rice in Asia and, subsequently, in other continents.Key words: Asian rice, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distributions.

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