scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GYORGY LIGETI’S MUSICA RICERCATA: MOVEMENT I

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (58) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Musica Ricercata

Musica Ricercata is a piano piece written by György Sandor Ligeti, the composer of the 20th century. He composed this piece during his Hungarian period, which is considered to be Ligeti’s early period. Under the shadow of the censorship and pressure imposed on artists by cultural policies in Hungary, he tries to develop an innovative perspective. During this period Ligeti reimagining the main elements of music, such as sound, interval, melody and rhythm and composed the Musica Ricercata. The work consists of eleven movements and pitch class used in this work increases exponentially in each successive movement. In Movement I only one pitch class was used, except for the last four meassure, and the movement was shaped by the use of this pitch class in different ways. This study explores how the diversity in the Movement I of Musica Ricercata is achieved. To investigate this aim, after literature research and data collection, Movement I has been analyzed harmonically and technically; motivic and rhythmic studies are shown on the sheets. While doing this analysis, it was based on the pitch class and post-tonal theory terminology. Ligeti’s research on motive, register, articulation and rhythm, in order to eliminate the monotony, were examined. In addition to being limited and sequential, the structures created with certain materials were shown; and the primitive forms of the techniques such as rhythmic crescendo and static structures that the composer created in his later periods were determined. Keywords: György Sandor Ligeti, Musica Ricercata, contemporary piano music, pitch class

The origins of syncopation in American popular music

Popular Music ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fourth Position

AbstractThe origins of syncopation in 20th-century American popular music have been a source of controversy. I offer a new account of this historical process. I distinguish between second-position syncopation, an accent on the second quarter of a half-note or quarter-note unit, and fourth-position syncopation, an accent on the fourth quarter of such a unit. Unlike second-position syncopation, fourth-position syncopation tends to have an anticipatory character. In an earlier study I presented evidence suggesting British roots for second-position syncopation. in contrast, fourth-position syncopation – the focus of the current study – seems to have had no presence in published 19th-century vocal music, British or American. It first appears in notation in ragtime songs and piano music at the very end of the 19th century; it was also used in recordings by African-American singers before it was widely notated.

Orientalists and Missionaries

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Colonial Frontier

The best accounts of Hindu religious beliefs and practices to reach Europe before 1800 came overwhelmingly from the pens of missionaries. There are several reasons why this was so. Their missionary task obviously motivated them to attempt to understand Hindu religion even if they ultimately rejected it as a false religion. Beyond this, missionaries were more likely than other Europeans, such as travelers or colonial officials, to spend the bulk of their lives, often several decades, in India. They were more likely to be well-educated, to learn Indian languages, and, especially, to read Indian literature. Although many remained in European coastal enclaves, in the early period they were also much more likely than other Europeans to spend extended periods beyond the colonial frontier, living and working in the hinterland. They were also usually required to give an account of their activities to their superiors in Europe. Their letters and reports are also more likely than those produced by independent travelers (although not colonial officials) to have survived by being preserved in European archives. Although missionary scholarship has continued into the 20th century and even beyond, it was gradually eclipsed by colonial and later professional scholarship from the end of the 18th century. The emphasis here will be on works emerging from the earlier period. Scholarship on missionaries has, until quite recently, been very largely the domain of historians of mission, many of whom were missionaries themselves. This has begun to change as the value of missionary accounts have been more widely recognized, and there has been a welcome shift from the often frankly hagiographic character of earlier secondary scholarship.

scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

scholarly journals Hacia una lectura de las instituciones culturales. la oficina de propaganda cultural en el municipio de Bogotá (1933)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marta Lucía Bustos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Social Sectors

ResumenEl texto examina el surgimiento de la institucionalidad cultural en el municipio de Bogotá como parte del proyecto colonial y señala cómo los discursos y prácticas que legitiman la creación de la Oficina de Propaganda Cultural en la década de los años treinta del siglo XX están anclados en la colonialidad del poder de una autoridad estatal que buscó educar a sectores sociales clasificados en la negativa categoría de masas populares. Al revisar el conjunto de prescripciones, afirmaciones, hechos, deseos e intenciones de una élite intelectual que promovió la creación de oficinas culturales, se identifica una idea de la cultura que se relaciona con un saber oculto y con una serie de prácticas en que la acción cultural destaca como vehículo para transfigurar el alma de un pueblo racialmente concebido y, por lo tanto, desposeído de cultura. Este texto hace parte de una serie de indagaciones sobre la institucionalidad cultural pública en Bogotá que tienen como propósito contribuir a ampliar el mapa interpretativo de las políticas culturales en la capital, y comprender mejor cómo se configuraron y desarrollaron formas, reglas y entidades que ordenan nuestro presente.           Palabras claves Políticas culturales; institucionalidad cultural; Bogotá; colonialidad del poder  Towards a Reading of Cultural Institutions. The Office of Cultural Propaganda in the Municipality of Bogotá (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezAbstractThis article examines the emergence of cultural institutions in the city of Bogota as part of the colonial project and points out how the discourses and practices that legitimize the creation of the Office of Cultural Propaganda in the early 30s of the 20th century are anchored in the coloniality of power of a state authority that sought to educate social sectors classified in the negative category of popular masses. In reviewing the set of prescriptions, statements, facts, desires and intentions of an intellectual elite that promoted the creation of cultural offices, an idea of culture that is associated with an occult lore and a number of practices in which cultural action stands out as a vehicle to transfigure the soul of a racially conceived people and, therefore, one which is deprived of culture. This text is part of a series of inquiries into public cultural institutions in Bogota that are intended to help expand the interpretive map of cultural policies in the capital, and better understand how norms, rules and institutions that command our present were configured and developed.KeywordsCultural policies; cultural institutions; Bogotá, coloniality of power Sug  lecturakuna chi institución  culturalkuna. Chi oficina  propaganda cultural sug Municipio Bogotape (1933)Marta Lucia Bustos GómezMaillallachiska:Kai kilkaska examiname llugsirii chi institucionalidad cultural sug Municipio Bogotape sug aparte proyecto colonial  y señalanme sug discurso  y practica legitimandakuna uiñachingapa sug oficina propagandapa sulturalchi uata kimsa chunga y atun uatasiglo XX kamkuna anclareska colonialidadpe chi autoridad estatalpe markaska aichachingapa sector social clasificado negaspa  categoría masa popularkuna. Maskaspa chi conjunto prescripción, afirmación, ruraska munaikuna y Iuiaikuna sug elite iuiaiug Nirka uiñachingapa oficina cultural y regserenme sug idea chi cultural relacioname sug iachai pakalla y sug practikakuna chi acción culturalka kauachinmi sug autosina trukangapa alma pueblota racial iachaskata  y chasak mana culturaua kangapa.Kai  kilkaska  kame parte indagaska sug institucionalidad  cultural pública Bogotape y kanme aidachingapa atuniachingapa chi mapa interpretativo chi política cultural capitalpe, y entengapa imasa configuraska y desarrollaska forma, regla y entidadkuna Nukanchipa nukaurra.Rimangapa Ministidukuna:Políticas culturales; institucionalidad cultural; Bogota; colonialidad poderpe Vers une lecture des institutions culturelles. Le Bureau de propaganda culturelle à la municipalité de Bogotá (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezRésuméLe texte examine l'émergence d'institutions culturelles dans la ville de Bogota dans le cadre du projet colonial et souligne la façon dont les discours et les pratiques qui légitiment la création du Bureau de propagande culturelle au début des années 30 du XXe siècle sont ancrées dans la colonialité du pouvoir d'une autorité étatique qui cherchait à éduquer les secteurs sociaux classés dans la catégorie négative des masses populaires. En examinant l'ensemble des ordonnances, des déclarations, des faits, des désirs et des intentions d'une élite intellectuelle qui a favorisé la création de bureaux culturels, une idée de la culture qui est associée à une tradition occulte et un certain nombre de pratiques don l'action culturelle se distingue comme un véhicule pour transfigurer l'âme d'un peuple racialement conçu et, par conséquent, privé de culture. Ce texte fait partie d'une série d'enquêtes sur les institutions culturelles publiques à Bogota qui sont destinés à aider à étendre la carte d'interprétation des politiques culturelles dans la capitale, et de mieux comprendre comment elles se sont configurées et ont développé des formes, des règles et des institutions qui commandent notre présent.Mots clésPolitiques culturelles; institutions culturelles; Bogotá; colonialité du pouvoirÀ LEITURA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES CULTURAIS. O ESCRITÓRIO DE PROPAGANDA CULTURAL NO MUNÍCIPIO DE BOGOTÁ (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezO texto examina o surgimento da institucionalidade cultural no munícipio de Bogotá como parte do projeto colonial e assinala cómo os discursos e práticas que legitimam a criação do Escritório de Propaganda Cultural na década dos anos trinta do século XX estão ancorado na colonialidade do poder de uma autoridade no Estado que procurou educar a setores sociais classificados na negativa categoria de massas populares. Ao revisar o conjunto de prescrições, afirmações, fatos, desejos e intenções de uma élite intelectual que promoveu a criação de Escrtórios Culturais, se identifica uma ideia da cultura que se relaciona con um saber oculto e com uma série de práticas em que a ação cultural destaca como veículo para transfigurar a alma de um povo racialmente concebido e, pelo tanto, despossuídos de cultura. Este texto faz parte de uma série de inquéritos sobre a institucionalidade cultural pública em Bogotá que têm como propósito contribuir para expandir o mapa interpretativo das políticas culturais na capital, e compreender melhor como se configuraram e desenvolveram formas, regras e entidades que ordenam nosso presente. Palavras-chavePolíticas culturais; institucionalidade cultural, Bogotá; colonialidade do poder

scholarly journals TINDAKAN MENYAMARKAN IDENTITAS PELAKU KEJAHATAN (Tinjauan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tentang Pers dan KUHP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orin Gusta Andini
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Rape Victim ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Investigation Result ◽  
Ethic Code ◽  
Vague Identity

The purpose of this research is to know the vague of crime perpetrator identity by journalist from law number 40/1990 on Pers and Penal Code Perspective and to know the rule of police in enforcing the law related to vague of crime perpetrator identity in observuing journalist investigation result. The type of this research field is filed research in which data collection done by interviewing several parties related to research. Besides, writer also make literature research through related data and books. Then, data taken is analysed qualitatively and explained descriptively.Based on analysis, writer conclude that: very side interpretation on rejection right is legal weakness that can be used by journalist to do action which vague identity if crime perpetrator. The action of vague crime perpetrator identity fey on Artivle 165 Indonesia Penal Code which oblige every citizen to report known to police officer. The usage of rejection right by journalist not suit to article 165 Indonesia Penal Code that can be used to vague informan identity who is witness, child crime perpetrator and rape victim as journalist ethic code. Keywords: The Vague of Perpetrator Identity, Journalist, Law Number 40/1999 on Pers, Indonesian Penal Code.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER VALUES IN THE POETRY OF "LETTER FROM MOTHER" WORKS ASRUL SANI AND "UNKNOWN HEROES" WORKS TOTO SUDARTO BACHTIAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rokhmaniyah Rokhmaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Younger Generation

<p><em>This article describes the results of a study based on the importance of character education for the younger generation, especially children. This is due to the fact that the character of the nation is decreasing. For this reason, a research was conducted which aimed to analyze the values of the characters found in the poem "Letter from Mother" by Asrul Sani and "Unknown Heroes" by Toto Sudarto Bachtiar. It is expected that the results of the research can be used by teachers to build the character of their students through classroom learning. This research is literature research with data collection techniques through literature study which contains both poems. Data collection tool using poetry study sheet. The source of this research is poetry and dictionary texts (Large Indonesian Dictionary), as well as experts. To maintain data validity, source triangulation techniques are used. The results showed the character values contained in the poem "Letter from Mother" and "Unknown Hero". Character values are implied in the poetry "Surat dari Ibu" by Asrul Sani and poetry</em></p><p><em>"Unknown Heroes" by Toto Sudarto Bachtiar, namely: independent, nationalist and integrity</em><em></em></p>

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBELI PROPERTI ATAS KEPAILITAN PERUSAHAAN PENGEMBANG BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 37 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Niaga Jakarta Pusat No. 01/ Pdt.Sus Pemb. Perdamaian/ 2015/ Pn.Niaga.Jkt.Pst)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Edwin Prasetyo , ◽  
Djuwityastuti ,
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Techniques

<p>Abstract<br />This  article  aims  to  explain  how  the  legal  protection  of  property  buyers  on  bankrupted  developer <br />companies based on Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Credits Obligations Postponement. This <br />research is a prescriptive normative legal research that uses the approach of legislation. Types of data <br />used include: secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary <br />legal materials. Data collection techniques conducted are literature research techniques or document <br />studies. The property selling mechanism as well as today’s flats, is familiar with the concept of selling <br />property that can be marketed before the property is completed. At that stage of development, people <br />can order or buy certain desired property and will wait within a certain time to be submitted to the property <br />purchased. The buying and selling mechanism is set forth in the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB). <br />Often the property buyers of PPJB holders are harmed by the actions of the developer companies as <br />well as unable to finish the construction and end up in bankruptcy proceedings. This bankruptcy status <br />given by will enforce the uncertainty on debts payments for the property buyers.<br />Key Words: Bankruptcy; Law Protection; Real Estate Buyer.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel  ini  bertujuan  untuk  menjelaskan  bagaimana  perlindungan  hukum  terhadap  pembeli  properti <br />atas kepailitan perusahaan pengembang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang <br />Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum <br />normatif  bersifat  preskriptif  yang  menggunakan  pendekatan  perundang-undangan.  Jenis  data  yang <br />digunakan antara lain: data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, <br />dan bahan hukum tersier.Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah teknik penelitian kepustakaan <br />atau studi dokumen. Mekanisme penjualan properti seperti halnya rumah susun, dewasa ini, mengenal <br />konsep penjualan properti yang dapat dipasarkan sebelum properti tersebut selesai dibangun. Pada tahap <br />pembangunan tersebut, masyarakat dapat memesan ataupun membeli produk properti yang diinginkan <br />dan akan menunggu dalam kurun waktu tertentu untuk dilakukan penyerahan terhadap properti yang <br />dibeli. Mekanisme jual-beli tersebut dituangkan dalam Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB). Seringkali <br />pembeli properti pemegang PPJB dirugikan oleh perbuatan perusahaan pengembang seperti halnya tidak <br />dapat selesainya pembangunan dan berakhir pada proses kepailitan. Adanya pernyataan pailit terhadap <br />perusahaan  pengembang  memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap pembeli properti atas piutangnya <br />kepada perusahaan pengembang.<br />Kata Kunci: Kepailitan; Perlindungan Hukum; Pembeli Properti.</p>

Uruguayan Cinema in the 20th Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alex Richter
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lumiere Brothers ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
The 1960S

Cinema began in Uruguay with the exhibition of foreign films by visiting representatives of the Lumière brothers in 1896 before the first Uruguayan film was produced and shown in 1898. From the early period of Uruguayan cinema to the end of the 20th century, Uruguayan national cinema struggled to exist in the estimation of critical observers. Considering these periods of growth and stagnation, this history of Uruguayan cinema seeks to shed light on the industry’s evolution by focusing on exhibition, production, and spectatorship. This essay explores Uruguay’s national film productions, transnational businesses in shaping local film exhibition, the growth of mass publics and critical spectatorship, and the significance of political filmmaking in understanding the evolution of Latin American cinema during the 1960s. The history of Uruguayan cinema during the 20th century also provides a lens for understanding the political, social, and cultural histories of a country that has struggled to live up to its reputation as South America’s “most democratic” nation.

scholarly journals Historical Site Teresinense

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Soares de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
The City

Architecture is inevitably involved in the most diverse processes that determine urban dynamics, and, therefore, it is important to contextualize it, understanding its heritage relevance, as well as the historical, cultural and urban value of the place where it is built. This article seeks, therefore, to build a panorama that links the urban evolution of the city of Teresina to the work of engineer Cícero Ferraz de Sousa Martins, who stands out as a relevant sample of the architecture produced during the first half of the 20th century in the capital of Piauí. This relationship is structured in the study of Avenida Frei Serafim, which houses a large part of this engineer's productions and whose construction represents, for Teresina, a milestone in its urbanization, giving the city a centrality independent of its initial site. Therefore, the methodology used is based on bibliographic research and data collection in public collections and virtual repositories, especially regarding the particularities of Avenida Frei Serafim and the productions of Cícero Ferraz. Thus, the research develops from the urban evolution of the city to the construction of the public place in question, emphasizing its consolidation as part of the historic urban site. Then, there is an articulation between different urban scales, through the construction-lot connection, as well as an analysis of the potential of this avenue as a “timeline” regarding the architectural development of the capital. Therefore, the work strives to reinforce the inseparability between architecture and urbanism while also ratifying the urgency that must be had in overcoming superficial and strictly formal diagnoses in this field.

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