scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON LEAF OF COMBRETUM INDICUM (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Jyothi Jose ◽  
Subrahmanya P ◽  
Ravi Rao S
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Endodermal Layer

Combretum indicum (L.) is an extra-pharmacopeial drug with an abundance of medicinal properties. Throughout the world, different Parts of Combretum indicum (L.) is used in curing many ailments by folklore healers. In India, the drug Combretum indicum (L.) is commonly known by the name MadhuMalathi and used by the folklore healers of different areas. Especially the use of Combretum indicum (L.) is seen among the folklore Practitioners of Dakshina Kannada District in curing ailments including paediatric conditions. Thus, it is very important to explore the identity of this drug by the proper Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical analysis. Hence, the present study was aimed at Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical study on Leaf of Combretum indicum (L.). The transverse section of the midrib of the leaf shows the presence of the endodermal layer; which is single-layered, surrounds by a vascular bundle and packed with starch grains. Endodermis covers the vascular bundle and contains several starch grains. The powder microscopy shows the presence of glandular trichome, calcium oxalate crystals etc. The percentage of extractive value was maximum in methanol which was 7.18%, Preliminary phytochemical study showed the presence of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Tannins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Triterpenoids, Starch, Resin and Phenols. The total ash attained was 7.84% and the water-soluble ash was 3.4%.

scholarly journals Phyto Pharmacognostic Study of Lagerstroemia speciosa - An Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. Murthy ◽  
B. R. Lalitha ◽  
Aahalya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Sugar Levels

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers (Hindi - Jarul, Taglog - Banaba) a member of Lythraceae family is found all over India, specially in Bengal, Assam and Deccan Peninsula. The leaves of L. speciosa is widely used for lowering blood sugar levels in Philippines, Japan and Taiwan. Pharmacognostical investigation of leaves of L. speciosa was done by evaluating its morphological, microscopical studies, Physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. Rasa Nirdharana was done. Microscopical study revealed presence of epidermal cells contained clusters of rosette aggregate calcium oxalate crystals and few cells were mucilaginous. Lower epidermis showed the presence of anomocytic stomata. Physical constants of leaf powder showed, loss on drying - 3.8%, total ash - 6.7%, acid insoluble ash - 1.039%, water soluble extractive value - 8.88%, alcohol soluble extractive value - 4.49% and pH - 5.75. Preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, proteins and iron. Rasa Nirdharana confirmed the leaves are Kashaya in Rasa. The Pharmacognostical study was useful for authentication of leaves of Lagerstoemia speciosa.

scholarly journals A PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON EUPATORIUM GLANDULOSUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
SILPA M ◽  
SURESH JOGHEE ◽  
HAMSALAKSHMI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Alcohol Ethyl

Objective: Eupatorium glandulosum is a useful medicinal plant belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is traditionally used to treat various diseases such as wound healing, antioxidant, and antiproliferative. The present study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of various extracts of aerial parts of E. glandulosum. Methods: The E. glandulosum plant materials were extracted using the solvents alcohol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform by Soxhlet method. The extracts were screened for physiochemical constants, preliminary phytochemical analysis for carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out for total flavonoid and total phenols using standard procedures. Results: The physiochemical constituents such as total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.25% (w/w), 5% (w/w), and 7.30% (w/w), respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The flavonoid content of the plant extracts was found to be in the descending order ethyl acetate ˃alcohol ˃chloroform and the phenolic content was found to be alcohol ˃ethyl acetate ˃chloroform. Conclusion: The result showed the presence of phytochemical constituents and higher values of phenolic and flavonoid content make the plant useful for the formulation of the different drugs for human uses for treating various diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Study of Stem and Leaf of Clausena lansium

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Peng ◽  
Xiaoxiang Fu ◽  
Yuyan Li ◽  
Zhonghua Xiong ◽  
Xugen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Local Healthcare ◽  
Carbazole Alkaloids ◽  
Aromatic Glycoside

Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae) is widely distributed in South China and has historically been used as a traditional medicine in local healthcare systems. Although the characteristic components (carbazole alkaloids and coumarins) of C. lansium have been found to possess a wide variety of biological activities, little attention has been paid toward the other components of this plant. In the current study, phytochemical analysis of isolates from a water-soluble stem and leaf extract of C. lansium led to the identification of 12 compounds, including five aromatic glycosides, four sesquiterpene glycosides, two dihydrofuranocoumarin glycosides, and one adenosine. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Clausena, including a new aromatic glycoside (1), a new dihydrofuranocoumarin glycoside (6), and two new sesquiterpene glycosides (8 and 9). The phytochemical structures of the isolates were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses including NMR and MS. The existence of these compounds demonstrates the taxonomic significance of C. lansium in the genus Clausena and suggests that some glycosides from this plant probably play a role in the anticancer activity of C. lansium to some extent.

scholarly journals Phyto-Pharmacognostical Standardization with HPTLC Fingerprinting of Root of Citraka (Plumbago Zeylanica L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Akhilraj A.R ◽  
Rukmini S ◽  
Amalraj A.R
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Analytical Standards

Background: Citraka or Sveta Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) is an important medicinal plant mentioned in Ayurvedic classics, belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. The root of the plant exhibits medicinal properties. It has a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing and cytotoxic. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate phyto-pharmacognostical standardization with HPTLC fingerprinting of root of P. zeylanica, one of the most accepted and beneficial medicinal plant in Ayurveda. Materials and Methods: P. zeylanica was collected from Konni, Kerala, India during the month of May 2018 and its root was studied for macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprinting following the standard protocol recommended by The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants. Results: The root is long, stout, cylindrical and reddish to dark brown in colour. The transverse section of root showed 5-7 rows of small cubical or rectangular celled cork with light yellow walls, polygonal or slightly tangentially elongated cortex cells containing starch grains and coloured contents, phloem containing small groups of fibres, radially arranged xylem vessels and narrow, 1-4 seriate medullary rays. Physico-chemical analysis showed water soluble extractive value as 26.11±0.01 w/w and alcohol soluble extractive value as 15.85±0.00 w/w. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of root decoction showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, resin and quinones. Conclusion: The information obtained from this research work may be useful to establish the botanical as well as analytical standards for the root of P. zeylanica.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical and HPTLC Fingerprinting Studies on Fruit of Couroupita Guianensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Anna Sheba ◽  
◽  
Anuradha Venkatraman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Couroupita Guianensis ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract Traditional knowledge and literature studies report that each part of a plant has tremendous medicinal values. Validation of these medicinal plants scientifically is an important criterion for the development of plant-based drugs. Couroupita guianensis (Family: Lecythidaceae) is a plant with immense medicinal properties. To authenticate its biological value, the present investigation aims to standardize the fruit of C. guianensis based on physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis both qualitatively and quantitatively, and high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting studies. Fruit pulp of C. guianensis was obtained, processed and extracted with solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and hydroalcohol. Moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash and acid-insoluble ash values were calculated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of several secondary metabolites in the extracts. In addition, interpreting peaks obtained from HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of potential bioactive phytoconstituents in all the extracts. The quantitative determination proclaimed that fruit pulp was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids followed by tannin and saponin. Further, primary metabolites were quantified and they were found to be abundant in the fruit pulp. Henceforth, the outcome of these results provides information for assessing the quality of the sample that could help in ensuring its therapeutic efficacy. Keywords: Couroupita guianensis, HPTLC, Physicochemical characterization, Phytochemical, Fingerprinting

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF RHIZOMES OF NUPHAR LUTEUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Hayat M Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study provides the detailed summary of pharmacognostical characters of rhizomes to give clear standards for the identification ofdrug.Methods: Important details such as macroscopy, microscopy (transverse section [TS] and powder microscopy) along with physico-chemicalparameters (such as loss on drying, ash values, and extractive values), and quantitative studies (i.e foreign matter, length and width of xylem vesselsand calcium oxalate crystals, and diameter of starch grains) were performed by standard procedure.Results: The findings of macroscopic studies revealed that the rhizomes were internally creamish to light brown and dark brown externally withlongitudinal wrinkles. TS and powder microscopy of rhizomes showed the presence of fragments of cork, cellulosic parenchyma; scalariform typexylem vessels, fragments of ligneous parenchyma, lignified astrosclereids, and small ovoid, and rounded starch grains. The mean length and meanwidth of xylem vessels and calcium oxalate crystals were found to be 406 μm (micrometer) and 60.2 μm and 63.36 μm and 48.96 μm. Whereas meandiameter of starch grains was 34.56 μ. Physicochemical standards quantified were foreign organic matter (0.2%), total ash (12.3%), acid insolubleash (6.3%), water soluble ash (3%), loss on drying (12.5%), alcohol-soluble extractive value (32.6%), and water soluble extractive value (27.6%).Conclusion: As various pharmacognostical and physico-chemical parameters have pivotal roles in authentication, identification and establishmentsof quality parameters of the plant. This study was conducted for this purpose.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Analysis of Asystasia Variabilis Trim. - An Extrapharmacopoeal Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha . ◽  
Shrikanth P. ◽  
Ravikrishna S. ◽  
Suchithra Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Practitioners

Background - Asystasia Variabilis Trim. also known as Maithaala Kaddi by traditional practitioners of Udupi. Belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Is a semi-scandent herb, and effectively used by the Folklore practitioners for the management of Amlapitta (acid peptic disorder), worm infestations and rheumatism. Aim - To explore the pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical parameters of plant to standardize the drug. Materials and Methods - whole mature plant of A.variabilis was collected from Udupi district. Macroscopic, microscopic physico-chemical standards, HPTLC and secondary metabolites screening were scientifically recorded. Results - The pharmacognostical leaf study has shown single layered epidermis throughout midrib and lamina. Anatomical features of stem exhibit single layer of epidermis covered with trichomes. Inner to this, densely arranged collenchyma cells are present. In transverse section of root showed epidermal layer is surrounded by root hairs which are abundant. Powder microscopy characteristics showed the presence of starch in parenchyma region, mesophyll cells with stomata and sclerides were present. The standard out print of the drug is represented by physicochemical standards and HPTLC. Preliminary Phytochemical study shows that it contains Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Steroids, Tannins and Phenol. Conclusion - Pharmacognostical study carried out on A.variabilis showed quality standards of the drug, with respect to its macroscopy, microscopy, physico-chemical standards and HPTLC.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4162-4169
Author(s):  
Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽  
Manjul Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

Bryophyllum Pinnatum: A Review on Medicinal Benefits and Potent Bioactive Molecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-992
Author(s):  
Punit Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Kashyap K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Since its inception, people are using herbal extracts as natural remedies for the treatment of various diseases. Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, is a well-recognized herb used in folk medicine. It is native to Madagascar and further planted in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. It is known for the profusion of miniature plantlets which arise from the margins of phylloclade. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the information regarding local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and different phytochemicals reported from leaves extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of the literature about Bryophyllum pinnatum available in different online databases, such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, authors have focused on ethnopharmacological importance and phytochemicals present in Bryophyllum pinnatum and their structure. The structures of the phytochemical were prepared by the ChemDraw tool. Results: This plant is used as a traditional herbal medicine around the globe due to medicinal properties like; anthelmintic, immunosuppressive, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like; alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, glycosides, bufadienolides, lipids, and organic acids, etc. which are associated with different medicinal properties. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses diverse pharmacological importance and remarkable medicinal properties. Investigators have reported a large number of phytochemicals exhibiting different medicinal properties and correlation of medicinal properties.

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