Using Risk Based Decision Making to Select Personal Protective Equipment for Oil Spill Responders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1659-1667
Author(s):  
Laura Hartline Weems ◽  
John T. Husum ◽  
Val Garner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Typically, personal protective equipment (PPE) is the primary control measure employed during emergency response operations. PPE and administrative controls rise to the forefront of oil spill response activities due to inherent delays and feasibility issues involved in the implementation of effective engineering controls. Response organizations, possibly due to a failure to assess the hazards appropriately, overprescribe PPE in an attempt to ensure both compliance and protection; however, this approach may actually increase the risk of injury or illness. Choosing and implementing PPE as a response control measure is never a “one-size-fits- all” solution. The proper selection of PPE requires a risk assessment that takes into account the responders, working conditions, tasks and their associated hazards. Moreover, as the work and conditions change, a reassessment is necessary. This paper outlines a summary of the methodology for conducting an evaluation of the conditions and choosing the appropriate PPE by assessing the hazards associated with the work environment. The process consists of a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) combined with a Risk Assessment (RA) in order to develop a complete Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Oftentimes, the JHA is done without the RA leading to the inappropriate selection of PPE as the JHA alone does not consider the potential hazards created by the use of PPE. Additionally, as the work, environment, or responder conditions change, or if there is an indication that the control measures are not working as intended (e.g., several responders have heat-related injuries), the JSA process is repeated to ensure that control measures are still current and effective. This methodology will create an effective PPE program by 1) ensuring that the selected PPE is the best suited for that particular job; 2) attempting to reduce responder discomfort; 3) potentially reducing waste and disposal of PPE; and 4) maximizing responder efficiency and effectiveness by avoiding unnecessary stress. All of this information and support appendices have been published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) in a document titled: Recommended Practice 98, Personal Protective Equipment Selection for Oil Spill Responders (2013) available through API at: http://www.techstreet.com/api/products/1862449.

scholarly journals KRITERIA IDENTIFIKASI BAHAYA, PENILAIAN DAN PENGENDALIAN RISIKO DEPARTEMEN FABRIKASI PT UNINDO PASIFIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Poniman ST.,MT ◽  
Sri Amaliah Mandati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Tolerable Risk

Health and safety risk assessment of PT Unido Pasifik Fabrication department to create a safe and efficient and productive work environment. The fabrication department is the main pillar of company support. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential hazards in the Production department especially the PT Unindo Pasifik Fabrication Department. In addition this study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge of workers about the potential danger with the behavior of the use of personal protective equipment. This research is an observational descriptive study in which the object of research is the machine, attitude or behavior of the workforce, work processes and work environment. Based on hazard identification, risk assessment and control, there are several hazards and risks that occur with tolerable risk, moderate risk and sustainable risk criteria. Hazard control has been carried out at PT. Unindo Pasifik that is administrative control and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE). And while the Objective, Target and Program (OTP) are set namely reducing work accidents and reducing occupational diseases in the Fabrication department. Didalam penilaian risiko kesehatan dan keselamatan departemen Fabrikasi PT Unido Pasifik untuk menciptakan lingkugan kerja aman dan efisien serta produktif. Departemen fabrikasi merupakan penopang kegitaan perusahaan yang utama. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis potensi bahaya di bagian Produksi khususnya Departemen Fabrikasi PT Unindo Pasifik. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan pekerja tentang potensi bahaya dengan perilaku penggunaan alat pelindung diri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dimana Objek penelitian adalah mesin, sikap atau perilaku tenaga kerja, proses kerja dan lingkungan kerja. Berdasarkan identifikasi bahaya, penilaian dan pengendalan risiko terdapat beberapa bahaya dan risiko yang terjadi dengan kriteria tolerable risk, moderate risk dan sustainable risk. Pengendalian bahaya sudah dilakukan di PT. Unindo Pasifik yaitu pengendalian bersifat administrative & penyediaan alat pelindung diri (APD). Dan sedangkan Objective, Target dan Program (OTP) yang ditetapkan yaitu mengurangi kecelakaan kerja dan diharapkan dapat mengurangi penyakit yang ditimbulkan akibat kerja di deprtemen fabrikasi tersebut.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study on Personal Protective Equipment During Pandemic Link to Outbreak of Carbpenem-Resistant Enterobacteriace

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s9-s10
Author(s):  
Kenisha Evans ◽  
Jennifer LeRose ◽  
Angela Beatriz Cruz ◽  
Lavina Jabbo ◽  
Teena Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Impact

Background: In 2019, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), had cost the lives of >35,000 patients, particularly the most virulent plasmid-mediated New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). Although healthcare systems normally have strict surveillance and infection control measures for CRE, the rapid emergence of novel SAR-CoV-2 and COVID-19 led to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical supplies. As a result, routine infection practices, such as contact precautions, were violated. Studies have shown this depletion and shift in resources compromised the control of infections such CRE leading to rising horizontal transmission. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare system in Detroit, Michigan, to determine the impact of PPE shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic on NDM infection rates. The following periods were established during 2020 based on PPE availability: (1) pre-PPE shortage (January–June), (2) PPE shortage (July–October), and (3) post-PPE shortage (November–December). Rates of NDM per 10,000 patient days were compared between periods using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test. Isolates were confirmed resistant by NDM by molecular typing performed by the Michigan State Health Department. Patient characteristics were gathered by medical chart review and patient interviews by telephone. Results: Overall, the average rate of NDM infections was 1.82 ±1.5 per 10,000 patient days. Rates during the PPE shortage were significantly higher, averaging 3.6 ±1.1 cases per 10,000 patient days (P = .02). During this time, several infections occurred within patients on the same unit and/or patients with same treating team, suggesting possible horizontal transmission. Once PPE stock was replenished and isolation practices were reinstated, NDM infection rates decreased to 0.77 ±1.1 per 10,000 patient days. Conclusion: Control of CRE requires strategic planning with active surveillance, antimicrobial constructs, and infection control measures. The study illustrates that in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of effective infection control requires much more multidisciplinary efforts to prevent unintentional lapses in patient safety. A swift response by the state and local health departments at a tertiary-care healthcare center conveyed a positive mitigation of the highest clinical threats and decreased horizontal transmission of disease.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals The Effect of Social Distancing and Personal Protective Equipment on the Outbreak of SARS-COVID-2: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Effati ◽  
Eman Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Biological Phenomena

Abstract Biological phenomena such as disease outbreaks can be modeled as a subset of natural phenomena. Coronaviruses, first identified in the 1960s, are contagious diseases being constantly in the area of research and modeling in human society. The latest version of this group, SARS-COVID-2, has caused the Coronavirus disease one of the greatest pandemics in recent years. Due to the nature of this disease, being aware of the ways of transmission and how to prevent it, including social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to improve the general condition of society is of particular importance. In this study, dynamic systems (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Asymptomatic, and Recovered individuals as SEIAR), control systems, and Agent-based modeling (ABM) were used to forecast the behavior of the SARS-COVID-2 virus in the community. The numerical results display the undeniable impact of adhering to hygiene protocols. A significant decline in the number of people with the Coronavirus disease, after applying the control measures, indicates their remarkable impact on reducing the disease peak. Moreover, the result of the Agent-based simulation, which is in four ideal cases, show a significant reduction in the number of death as well.

scholarly journals An anaesthetic and intensive care perspective on infection control measures for the prevention of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hazel R O'Mahony ◽  
Daniel S Martin
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Current Guidance

Guidance regarding appropriate use of personal protective equipment in hospitals is in constant flux as research into SARS-COV-2 transmission continues to develop our understanding of the virus. The risk associated with procedures classed as ‘aerosol generating’ is under constant debate. Current guidance is largely based on pragmatic and cautious logic, as there is little scientific evidence of aerosolization and transmission of respiratory viruses associated with procedures. The physical properties of aerosol particles which may contain viable virus have implications for the safe use of personal protective equipment and infection control protocols. As elective work in the NHS is reinstated, it is important that the implications of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus in hospitals are more widely understood. This will facilitate appropriate use of personal protective equipment and help direct further research into the true risks of aerosolization during these procedures to allow safe streamlining of services for staff and patients.

Summary of 11 Years of Enteric Outbreak Investigations and Criteria To Initiate an Investigation, Province of Quebec, 2002 through 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1563-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLETTE GAULIN ◽  
ANDREA CURRIE ◽  
GENEVIÈVE GRAVEL ◽  
MEGHAN HAMEL ◽  
MARIE-ANDREE LEBLANC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Outbreak Investigations

This article presents a retrospective analysis of enteric disease outbreak investigations led by or conducted in collaboration with provincial health authorities in the Province of Quebec from 2002 through 2012. Objectives were to characterize enteric disease outbreaks, quantify and describe those for which a source was identified (including the control measures implemented), identify factors that contributed to or impeded identification of the source, and recommend areas for improvement in outbreak investigations (including establishment of criteria to initiate investigations). A descriptive analysis of enteric disease outbreak summaries recorded in a provincial database since 2002 was conducted, and corresponding outbreak reports were reviewed. Among 61 enteric disease outbreaks investigated, primary pathogens involved were Salmonella (46%), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (25%), and Listeria monocytogenes (13%). Sources were identified for 37 (61%) of 61 of the outbreaks, and descriptive studies were sufficient to identify the source for 26 (70%) of these. During the descriptive phase of the investigation, the causes of 21 (81%) of 26 outbreaks were identified by promptly collecting samples of suspected foods based on case interviews. Causes of outbreaks were more likely to be detected by weekly surveillance or alert systems (odds ratio = 6.0, P = 0.04) than by serotyping or molecular typing surveillance and were more likely to be associated with a common event or location (odds ratio = 11.0, P = 0.023). Among the 37 outbreaks for which causes were identified, 24 (65%) were associated with contaminated food, and recalls were the primary control measure implemented (54%). Review of enteric outbreaks investigated at the provincial level in Québec has increased the province's ability to quantify success and identify factors that can promote success. Multiple criteria should be taken into account to identify case clusters that are more likely to be resolved.

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF A BOOKLET FOR THE CORRECT USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Pereira da Silva ◽  
Harlon França de Menezes ◽  
Hosana Lourenço da Silva ◽  
Michelle Carneiro Fonseca ◽  
Aurean D'Eça Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Graphic Designer ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process for the elaboration and validation of a digital educational booklet intended for health professionals on the correct use of Personal Protective Equipment in the context of COVID-19. Method: a methodological study conducted between June and September 2020, operationalized in three stages: 1ststage: bibliographic survey; 2ndstage: elaboration of the booklet with the graphic designer to help in the development process of the technology; 3rdstage: content validation of the booklet by specialists through the Delphi technique. The validation was performed by 35 health and biology professionals and the local for selection of these was the Lattes Platform, using the Delphi technique in two rounds. The Content Validation Index was considered an acceptance criterion, with an agreement ≥ 0.78 among the judges being considered a good level. Results: the first version of the booklet obtained a global Content Validation Index of 0.79. There were suggestions for improvement that were accepted and, after the Delphi 2 phase, there was the resubmission of the booklet; it presented a global Content Validation Index of 0.99. Conclusion: the booklet was validated regarding its content and is compatible with its intended purpose, being important for the promotion of knowledge about the correct procedure to put on this equipment so that prevention measures are effective and shared.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PREDISPOSING FACTOR DENGAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN APD

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizky Andriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Good Communication

The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one of the risk control measures that aim to protect workers from safety and health hazards. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the behavior of the use of PPE in Production Unit I PT Petrokimia Gresik. This research was an analytic-observational research with cross sectional design. Sample in this research were 100 workers. The result was presented in the form of frequency distributions and cross-tabulations then analyzed by chi-square statistic. The results showed that the majority of the workers were well behaved in the use of PPE in the workplace. Statistical analysis showed that the knowledge (p = 0.019; r = 0.346) was the significant factors related to the behavior of the use of PPE and have lower relationships. The conclusion was that the higher the level of knowledge, the better behavior in the use of PPE, while suggestions for the company is the need to increase the amount of training related to K3 especially regarding PPE informally, supervisors to be more assertive to punish or sanction against employees who violate the rules, no matter the level of education, age, and length of service, and the need to increase K3-related surveillance and establish good communication with workers. Keywords: behavior, personal protective equipment, policies, Gresik, fertilizers and chemicals

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