scholarly journals Economic Impacts of Violent Conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 492-511
Author(s):  
E. Ogezi ◽  
E. S. Salau ◽  
A. A. Girei ◽  
N. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
Violent Conflicts

The study analysed the impacts of violent conflicts on the economies of rural communities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from the respondents using a structured interview schedule, while focus group discussions (FGD) sessions were employed to assess effects of conflicts on communities. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics, alternative resource cost estimation (ARCE) and content analysis while the Likert scale was used to measure the perception of respondents towards the causes of conflicts. There were six (6) major categories of conflicts identified in the area. These categories were communal conflicts, ethnic conflicts, resource conflicts (most often land conflicts), politically motivated conflicts, conflicts due to traditional chieftaincy, and the conflicts between state forces and militia groups. Expansion of agro-pastoralism (4.6) and Extensive sedentism (4.5) were very serious factors that were perceived to lead to conflicts. A total of ₦2,289,859,549 worth 30.28% of the State’s 2018 IGR (Internal Generated Revenue) were lost in these conflicts. It was recommended that laws regarding people with diverse backgrounds and socioeconomic needs and population growth in relation to limited resources should be developed with great care and attention paid to all the parties involved in the process. Participatory approaches to problem identification, conflict management and resolutions need to be established in the communities with regular interactions between and among locals periodically and frequently.

scholarly journals Strategy of rural community to dealing Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia (Case Study: Usto Village, Mare Subdistrict in Bone Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-017
Author(s):  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The People

Various problems and impacts arise due to the covid-19 pandemic, not only impacting health problems, but also affecting the economic conditions, education, and social life of the community including rural communities. Usto Village is one of the villages in the Mare Subdistrict of Bone Regency of South Sulawesi Province. Usto villages, as well as other villages in Indonesia and parts of the world, are also affected by covid-19. The location of the study is in Usto Village Mare District bone District of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The type of data used in the study is primary data sourced from respondents' answers to a number of questions related to research variables. The data collection method used in this study is a survey method with structured interview techniques. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative analysis method with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach with the help of Expert Choice software. Research results obtained: 1) the main criteria that are considered by the people of Usto Village, especially in the face of the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, is the economic factor that reached 48.10%. While the main strategy of the people of Usto Village in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic is the strategy of increasing business networks.

scholarly journals Local patterns of social capital and sustenance of the Community-Based Health Planning Services (CHPS) policy: a qualitative comparative study in Ghana

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e023376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmore Adusei Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Local Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

ObjectiveSocial capital—the resources embedded in social relationships—has been associated with health severally. Notwithstanding, only a handful of studies have empirically examined how it shapes health policies. This paper extends the discourse by comparatively examining how variations in local patterns of structural and cognitive social capital underpin the successes and challenges in managing and sustaining the Community-Based Health Planning Services (CHPS) policy in Ghana. The CHPS is an intervention to address health inequalities.DesignQualitative study involving individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis approach, inspired by McConnell’s typology of policy success (or failure) was adopted.SettingTwo rural communities in two districts in Ashanti region in Ghana.ParticipantsThirty-two primary participants as well as four health personnel and four traditional and political leaders.ResultsBoth structural and cognitive components of social capital underpinned efficient functioning of the CHPS initiative regarding funding, patronage and effective information transmission. Sufficient level of social capital in a community enhanced understanding of the nature and purpose of the CHPS policy as well as complementary ones such as the referral policy. Contrary to popular conclusions, it was discovered that the influence of social capital was not necessarily embedded in its quantity but the extent of conscious activation and application. Furthermore, the findings contravened the assertion that social capital may be less potent in small-sized communities. However, elevated levels of cognitive social capital encouraged people to access the CHPS on credit or even for free, which was injurious to its sustenance.ConclusionThe CHPS initiative, and pro-poor policies alike, are more likely to thrive in localities with sufficient structural and cognitive social capital. Lack of it may render the CHPS susceptible to recurrent, yet preventable challenges.

Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants: The context of contemporary Diaspora

Human Affairs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Akanle ◽  
Olanrewau Olutayo
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractUnderstanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-first century as an interface between the contemporary Diaspora, this article engaged kinship within international migration. This is a major behavioural and socio-economic force in Nigeria. Methodological triangulation was adopted as part of the research design and primary data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and life histories of international migrants were documented and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with kin of returnees. The article found and concluded that while returnees continued to appreciate local kinship infrastructures, the infrastructures were liable to reconstruction primarily determined by dominant support situations in the traditional African kinship networks.

scholarly journals Determinants of Rural Out-Migration in Habru District of Northeast Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu ◽  
Mesfin Eshetu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Nonfarm Employment ◽  
Land Size

Migration has become a cause of concern at the global, regional, and national levels. Like the case of many developing countries, Ethiopia has been facing increasing challenges related to rural out-migration. This study aimed to analyze factors that determine rural communities’ decision to migrate to internal and international destinations in Habru district of Northeast Ethiopia. Stratified sampling technique has been employed to select a total of 200 household heads in three agroecologies of the study area. Structured questionnaires have been used as a principal primary data collection method and logistic regression has been employed for analysis. The results of the study showed that intravillage conflict, absence of relief assistant, livestock ownership, farm land size, access to information, and household and individual characteristics including family size, sex, and age of the migrants are the dominant determinant factors for rural out-migration. Migration can have a positive outcome in improving livelihoods if comprehensive and holistic policies and strategies are in place. There is also a need to strengthen the link between rural development policy and the disadvantaged groups by designing and implementing different livelihood alternatives including reducing pressure on scarce resources particularly land, integrating health and education services, and creating nonfarm employment opportunities.

scholarly journals Hardships in Mountain Livelihood: Findings from Yari Village, Humla District

2011 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Development Region ◽  
North Western

This paper aims at analyzing livelihoods of people of rural mountain areas highlighting the case of Yari village located in the north-western part of Humla district in Mid-western development region, Nepal. The study has been based on primary data collected through group discussions and key informant’s interview during May 2007. As in other mountainous areas of Nepal, people of Yari village perform a number of different activities for their livelihoods. Agriculture, forest product collection, homemade production activities, hotel/catering and wage laboring are the main livelihood options and survival strategies adapted by local people. However, people’s livelihood in this area is hard and insecure due to various adversities. The shortage of facilities and services, adverse climate, food deficiency, remoteness, lack of awareness, poor access to market and water stress are the main adversities faced by local people.The Geographical Journal of Nepal, Vol. 8-9, 2010-2011: 83-91

scholarly journals EXPLORING FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Fanen Terdoo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Older Farmers ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Local Farmers

The aim of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is to help farmers increase productivity, adapt their methods, become resilient to climate impacts and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. However, there has been little published research on the perceptions and knowledge of farmers as to how this approach can fulfill its potential, especially in Africa. This paper presents a study based on interviews and group discussions conducted among farmers in some rural communities in Northern Nigeria. It reveals that the strength of CSA lies in its ability to integrate agricultural productivity with environmental targets and address the livelihood needs and cultural biases of local farmers. It also identified differences in the perception of different groups within society. For example, the younger farmers who possess little farmland showed optimism in the potential of the CSA approach to address livelihood and environmental challenges while the older farmers with larger farmlands were generally uncertain and suspicious. The analysis of interviews presented could be used to identify target groups on which to focus CSA, assuming that groups with a significantly greater proportion of farmlands could have more impact on the environment. The study suggests a continuous effort is made to develop knowledge and build capacity of local farmers and experts. Lessons from this study are important in developing the knowledge and capacities that will make CSA a reality. Further studies across Africa which take local specificities and priorities into consideration are needed.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of Performance Efficiency of U-fone Compare with Mobilink

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225-2240
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salih Memon
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

The current research investigates the performance efficiency of U-fone compare with Mobilink. Data were both primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data related to industry was collected from web sites, pilot study, survey, newspaper, PTA Annual report, magazines and reports for generating awareness on the topic and for satisfying objectives of the study. To collect primary data a field survey was conducted with the help of structured interview schedule. Various demographic variables were considered and the questionnaire was tested. The respondents being the adopters of mobile phones are selected for conducting survey, the sample I choose to conduct the survey is based on 50, out of 50 I got the response from 40 on which statistical data analysis is based in this report. It was revealed that Mobilink Network Coverage whereas people are not satisfied with Ufone Network CoveragePeople use Mobilink are not satisfied with the call rates set by Mobilink, whereas the people using Ufone are much satisfied with the call rates set by Ufone.Mostly people use Ufone because of packages.  The ratio of Mobilink users who attracts towards other network by watching ads is higher than Ufone users.Ufone attracts people more by advertisement of different packages as compare to  Mobilink.The ratio of satisfied customers is higher in Mobilink.Ufone introduce more innovative services like Call block, Utunes, HisaabSms and etc.Most of the people viewed that CRM (Customer Relationship Management) of Ufone is not effective as Mobilink.

scholarly journals Does Primary Education Hinder Child Development? A Study of Six Selected Primary Schools of Dhaka City in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Akter ◽  
Md. Roknuzzaman Siddiky ◽  
Israt Eshita Haque
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Primary Level

The study was intended to explore the effects of primary education on the childhood of the students of Dhaka city. Primary data for this study were collected from 18 students of 6 schools of Dhaka city by using semi-structured interview schedules. The study reveals that several factors pertaining to primary education such as unwillingness to go to school, excessive burden of textbooks, pressure of homework, lack of opportunities to play, frequent number of examinations, parents’ unhealthy competition for good results have adverse effects on child development. The study puts forward that the adverse effects of primary schools including Government primary schools and kindergarten schools have caused adverse physical, psychological, cognitive and personality development among the students and disrupted their joyful and playful childhood and social learning. Unified primary education is a utopia in Bangladesh making disparities among the students of different categories of schools. Children are going to school with a heavy bag loaded with textbooks, notebooks and other needed things. Children are going through mental pressure about their results and good grades which are appreciated with chocolates and their bad results are depreciated with rebuke and punishment. The most important factor of students’ attraction to go to school is the opportunity to play with the friends. Free, joyous, playful and colorful childhood of the primary level students is disappearing in the urban areas of Dhaka due to excessive study pressure in the primary level. However, the study recommends that a unified primary education system should be ensured in Bangladesh as soon as possible which would help the social, emotional and cognitive development of the children protecting their colorful childhood.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of economic benefits of adopters and non-adopters of improved fish production technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-247
Author(s):  
S. S Ashley-Dejo ◽  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
O. A. Adelaja
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Technologies

This study assessed the Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis profitability ratios and inferential statistics. The study revealed that a Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that adopters had more profit than non-adopters. comparative evaluation of economic benefits of adopters and nonadopters of improved fish production technologies in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule administered to 222 active fish farmers using purposive and simple random sampling procedure. dopters of improved fish production technologies earned mean revenue of N4,873,521.29 with gross margin of N2,376,616.36 while non-adopters earned N3,347,719.08 with gross margin of N1,432,805.00. The results showed Benefit Cost Ratio (1.69 and 1.49), Rate of Return on Investment (0.69 and 0.49), Gross Revenue ratio (0.59 and 0.67), Expenses Structure Ratio (0.15 and 0.17) and Net Profit Margin (0.41 and 0.33) for both the adopters and non-adopters. There was a significant association between adoption of improved technologies and sex, educational level, occupation and marital status. Also, there was a significant relationship between adoption of improved technology and age, years of experience and house hold size. There was a significant difference between the profit level of adopters and non-adopters of improved technologies.

scholarly journals Training Needs Of Rice Farmers In Mahanawiyah District, AL-Qadisiya Province, Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Bassim Kshash
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level Of Training

The study was conducted in Mahanawiyah district in AL-Qadisiya Province, Iraq to identify the training needs of rice farmers. 125 farmers were selected as a random sample. A list of 8 major areas of training needs in relation to rice cultivation practices was prepared whiten 50 sub-area. Scores were measured on four-point scale. The primary data were collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule by conducting personal interview. Findings revealed that majority of the farmers had medium level of training needs. Weed management, disease and pests control, seed and seedling were the top most training needs of the farmers and the least training need was Land preparation. The variables educational attainment, area cultivated with rice, and annual revenue from rice cultivation had positive and significant association with the training needs.

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