scholarly journals Topographical and Physical Assessment for Cage Aquaculture Suitability Survey in Inland

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
A. M. Danjuma ◽  
H. A. Aliyu ◽  
R. S. Umar ◽  
K. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Cage Aquaculture ◽  
Low Volume

This research was aimed to assess the suitability of Kijjude and Kala bays on Lake Victoria in Kalangala District for cage aquaculture. This study used a quasi-experiment research design. General environmental and physical data were collected and used to assess suitability of Kijjude and Kala bays for suitability for cage aquaculture by comparing the various measured parameters with the acceptable standards for cage aquaculture. Data were taken from a total of 14 and 6 points within Kijjude and Kala bays respectively. Systematic random sampling was used to determine the above mentioned sampling points. Kala bay was found to be suitable for both High Volume Low Density (HVLD) and Low Volume High Density (LVHD) cage. All sampled points within Kijjude bay were found to be only suitable for Low Volume High Density (LVHD) cage aquaculture except site KA whose depth was found to be less than 4.0 (m).

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masrur Islami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling

<p><em>Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that </em><em>is </em><em>influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island</em>

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPODA AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN COASTAL WATERS OF NUSALAUT ISLAND, CENTRAL MALUKU

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masrur Islami
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling

Nusalaut Island is one of the small islands in Maluku waters that is influenced by the dynamics of Banda Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and its relation with environmental characteristics using multivariate analysis i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). This study was conducted in Nusalaut Island as a part of Marine Resources Inventory Programme in Nusalaut Island in 2009. Fieldwork was conducted in northern Nusalaut Island using systematic random sampling method. Results showed that the highest density was Nassariidae family and other low density were from the familes of Cerithiidae, Buccinidae, Terebridae, and Conidae, respectively. The environmental characteristics affected species composition and density of gastropods. Distribution of environmental characteristics and spatial distribution of gastropods at each station was influenced by a combination of several parameters. Microhabitat pattern, predatory, and human activities also affected the distribution of gastropods. Keywords: gastropoda, spatial distribution, environmental characteristics, Nusalaut Island

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Scanning Electron Microscopic and Electrophoretic Observations on Barium Sulphate Used to Adsorb Clotting Factors

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
R. M Howell ◽  
S. L. M Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryElectron microscopy and particle electrophoresis were found to be complementary techniques with which to complete the physical data from an earlier study on barium sulphates used to adsorb clotting factors from serum. The differences revealed by scanning electron microscopy (S. E. M.) in the physical shape of low and high density grades of barium sulphate particles appear to be of greater significance than charge as expressed by electrophoretic mobility, in determining whether or not precursor or preformed factor Xa is eluted.This conclusion was based on the finding that at pH values close to 7, where the adsorption from serum occurs, all samples with the exception of natural barytes were uncharged. However as the high-density, or soil-grade, was found by S. E. M. to consist of large solid crystals it was suggested that this shape might induce activation of factor X as a result of partial denaturation and consequent unfolding of the adsorbed protein. In contrast, uptake of protein into the centre of the porous aggregates revealed by S. E. M. pictures of low-density or X-ray grade barium sulphate may afford protection against denaturation and exposure of the enzyme site.The porous nature of particles of low-density barium sulphate compared with the solid crystalline forms of other grades accounts not only for its lower bulk density but also for its greater surface/gram ratio which is reflected by an ability to adsorb more protein from serum.Neither technique produced evidence from any of the samples to indicate the presence of stabilising agents sometimes used to coat particles in barium meals.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR DAN STATUS PERKAWINAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KANKER PAYUDARA DI INSTALASI BEDAH RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Breast Cancer Event

ABSTRACT Breast cancer on the mark with the growth or uncontrolled growth of cells that are excessive. Factors affecting the incidence of breast cancer include maternal age, marital status, family history, hormone use, radiation, manarche, and obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Age and Marital Status of Mother with Breast Cancer incidence in the Installation Surgeon General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2012. The study design was analytical descriptive with the approach in which the independent variables Cross Sectional Age Mother and Status Perkawianan and dependent variables in breast cancer incidence collected at the same time. The study population was all women who develop breast cancer in the Installation General Hospital Surgery Center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2012 and samples taken by systematic random sampling with a sample of 130 respondents. The results of univariate analysis of data showed that respondents had breast cancer with a percentage of total 58 (44.61%) while respondents who had not had breast cancer totaled 72 by the percentage (63.39%). Respondents by Age Mothers who are at risk amounted to 34 by the percentage (26.15%) while respondents with Age Mothers who are not at risk amounted to 96 by the percentage (73.85%). Respondents by Marital Status is married and the mother who totaled 69 by the percentage (53.07%) and Marital Status with the status of unmarried women totaled 61 by the percentage (46.03%). Of Chi-Square test results found no significant relationship between Age Mothers with Breast Cancer event in which the p value = 0.007, no significant relationship between Marital Status in Breast Cancer event in which the p value = 0.030. Based on the results of the study, researchers suggest counseling efforts, medical knowledge and improve the quality of health services in order to reduce the incidence of breast cancer..   ABSTRAK Kanker payudara di tandai dengan pertumbuhan atau perkembangan tidak terkontrol dari sel-sel yang berlebihan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kanker payudara antara lain umur ibu, status perkawinan, riwayat keluarga, penggunaan hormon, radiasi, manarche, dan obesitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Umur Ibu dan Status Perkawinan dengan kejadian Kanker Payudara di Instalasi Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2012. Desain Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional dimana variabel independen Umur Ibu dan Status Perkawianan dan variabel dependen kejadian kanker payudara dikumpulkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang menderita kanker payudara di Instalasi Bedah Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2012 dan sampel di ambil secara systematic random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 130 responden. Hasil analisis univariat data menunjukan responden yang mengalami Kanker Payudara berjumlah 58 dengan persentase sebesar (44,61%) sedangkan responden yang tidak mengalami Kanker Payudara berjumlah 72 dengan persentase (63,39%). Responden dengan Umur Ibu yang beresiko berjumlah 34 dengan persentase (26,15%) sedangkan responden dengan Umur Ibu yang tidak beresiko berjumlah 96 dengan persentase (73,85%). Responden dengan Status Perkawinan ibu yang berstatus kawin berjumlah 69 dengan persentase (53,07%) dan Status Perkawinan ibu yang berstatus tidak kawin berjumlah 61 dengan persentase (46,03%). Dari hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan ada hubungan bermakna antara Umur Ibu dengan kejadian Kanker Payudara dimana p Value = 0,007, ada hubungan bermakna antara Status Perkawinan dengan kejadian Kanker Payudara dimana p Value = 0,030. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan upaya-upaya penyuluhan, pengetahuan tenaga medis dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan guna menurunkan angka kejadian kanker payudara.

HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN PARITAS IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT Dr. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Ida Muliana Wahyu Ida Muliana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Hyperemesis Gravidarum marked excessive nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at a young age. WHO estimates that 536,000 women died from direct complications of pregnancy and childbirth. One complication of pregnancy is Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Hyperemesis Gravidarum in the world has been estimated to occur in 1-2% of pregnant. According to data from the Medical Record of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital, the incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in 2011 there were 72 people of 661 pregnant women. The purpose of this reseach was to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital 2011. The Design of this reseach used Cross Sectional by analytic approach survey. The population of this reseach are all of mother who gestational ≤ 16 weeks (four months) in the Installation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital in January to December of 2011 with the sample of 661 people which taken by systematic random sampling and the reseach was conducted from 17 April to 24 April 2012.  Each variable that was observed in tests using Chi-Square test with a (0.05).  The results of this study showed that 5.9% of mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum, 21.8% of mothers with high risk age, and 30.0% primigravida. Chi-Square test showed no significant relationship between age (p value = 0.000) and parity (p value = 0.000) with the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Expected to the Hospital to be implemented properly instructed how to provide counseling to pregnant women about pregnancy and childbirth, as well as provide confidence that the nausea and vomiting is a symptom of physiology in pregnancy.   ABSTRAK Hiperemesis Gravidarum ditandai mual dan muntah yang berlebihan terjadi pada ibu hamil di usia muda. WHO memperkirakan 536.000 perempuan meninggal dunia akibat langsung dari komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan. Salah satu komplikasi kehamilan adalah Hiperemesis Gravidarum. Insiden Hiperemesis Gravidarum di dunia telah diperkirakan terjadi pada 1-2% wanita hamil. Menurut data dari Medical Record Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, angka kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada tahun 2011 terdapat 72 orang dari 661 ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan paritas ibu dengan kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada ibu di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tahun 2011. Desain Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah dengan umur kehamilan ≤ 16 minggu (4 bulan) yang pernah dirawat inap di Instalasi Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang pada bulan Januari-Desember tahun 2011 dengan jumlah sample 661 orang yang diambil secara systematic Random Sampling (secara acak sistematis) dan penelitian ini dilakukan dari tanggal 17 April sampai dengan 24 April 2012. Masing-masing variabel yang diteliti di uji dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan a (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 5,9% ibu mengalami hiperemesis gravidarum, 21,8% ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi, dan 30,0% ibu primigravida. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p value = 0,000) dan paritas (p value = 0,000) dengan kejadian hiperemesis gravidarum. Diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pihak Rumah Sakit agar dilaksanakan penyuluhan dengan cara memberikan konseling terhadap ibu hamil tentang kehamilan dan persalinan, serta memberikan keyakinan bahwa mual muntah merupakan gejala fisiologi pada kehamilan.

SKRINING MALARIA DENGAN RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST DAN PERILAKU PENGOBATAN MALARIA PADA ORANG RIMBA DI DESA BUKIT SUBAN DAN DESA SEKAMIS KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Maria Estela Karolina ◽  
Oktovia Rezka Nurmaajid ◽  
Armaidi Darmawan ◽  
Solha Elfrida
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling

Abstract Backgrounds : Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) is a imunologic methode to diagnose malaria. Mostly, Orang Rimba hunt nomadically. Orang Rimba have traditional medicine to cure malaria. The purposes of this research are to know the incident of malaria based on RDT and malaria treatment behaviour of Orang Rimba. Methode :  This research was descriptive study. The populations of this research were Orang Rimba in Desa Bukit Suban and Sekamis, Kabupaten Sarolangun. The number of samples in this research is 49 respondents. The sample was taken by systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed with univariat analysis. Result : The result showed that 16,7 % had malaria positive, P. vivax was the dominat species of plasmodium (62,5%). Mostly the aged of respondent was 5-11 years old (41,7%), the gender was male (58,3%), occupation was doesn’t work (56,3%), marriage status was marriage (56,3%). Most of Orang Rimba had worse knowladge level (53,6%), the mostly used term in Orang Rimba was demam kuro (50%), only (42,9%) respondents knew the trias of malaria, only 9 respondents knew that cause of malaria was mosquito’s bites, Orang Rimba mostly knew the danger of malaria (85,7%) and the complication of malaria (89,3%), and knew that malaria could be cured (82,1%). The users of modern combined with traditional medicine were as much as 57,1%, Orang Rimba mostly used ≥ 3 kinds of traditional medicine 53,6%, traditional medicine was mostly processed by boiling (24 respondents) and mostly knew one way of processing the traditional medicine  (57,1%), traditional medicine was mostly for being eaten or drunk and external medicine  (50%), the duration of using  traditional medicine was mostly  2-3 days (46,4%), Orang Rimba mostly said that traditional medicine was efficacious (92,9%). Conclusions : The incident number of malaria was 16,7% and the mostly users of modern combined with traditional medicine were as much as 57,1%. Keywords : Malaria, RDT, orang rimba, malaria treatment behaviour   Abstrak Latar Belakang : Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) merupakan metoda imunologik untuk mendiagnosis malaria. Lokasi berburu Orang Rimba cenderung berpindah-pindah. Orang Rimba memiliki kearifan lokal dalam mengobati malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui skrining malaria berdasarkan RDT dan perilaku pengobatan malaria pada Orang Rimba. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian seluruh Orang Rimba yang berada di Desa Bukit Suban dan Sekamis. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 48 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Systematic Random Sampling. Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat. Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 16,7% positif malaria, jenis plasmodium yang dominan adalah P. vivax (62,5%). Sebagian besar responden berusia 5-11 tahun (41,7%), sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%), sebagian besar pekerjaan responden tidak bekerja (56,3%), sebagian besar berstatus kawin (56,3%). Sebagian besar Orang Rimba memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang baik (53,6%), sebagian besar menggunakan istilah demam kuro untuk menyebutkan malaria (50%), hanya 42,9% yang mengetahui trias malaria, hanya 9 responden yang menjawab penyebab malaria adalah gigitan nyamuk, sebagian besar mengetahui bahaya malaria 85,7%, jenis bahaya malaria 89,3%, dan mengetahui bahwa malaria dapat disembuhkan 82,1%. Pengguna pengobatan modern dikombinasi dengan pengobatan tradisional sebanyak 57,1%, sebagian besar menggunakan ≥ 3 jenis obat tradisional (53,6%), cara pengolahan yang paling banyak dengan cara direbus (24 responden) dan mengetahui 1 cara pengolahan (57,1%), cara pemakaian yang paling banyak dengan dimakan atau diminum dan obat luar (50%), lama penggunaan yang paling banyak selama 2-3 hari (46,4%), sebagian besar mengatakan obat tradisional berkhasiat (92,9%). Kesimpulan : Angka kejadian malaria sebesar 16,7% dan upaya pengobatan malaria terbanyak adalah dengan pengobatan modern dikombinasi dengan pengobatan tradisional (57,1%).   Kata Kunci :  Malaria, RDT, orang rimba, perilaku pengobatan malaria

High-Volume Hospitals with High-Volume and Low-Volume Surgeons: Is There a “Field Effect” for Pancreaticoduodenectomy?

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Wood ◽  
Sharona B. Ross ◽  
Ty A. Bowman ◽  
Amanda Smart ◽  
Carrie E. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Hospital Volume ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Surgeon Volume ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Leapfrog Group ◽  
Discharge Status ◽  
Low Volume

Since the Leapfrog Group established hospital volume criteria for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), the importance of surgeon volume versus hospital volume in obtaining superior outcomes has been debated. This study was undertaken to determine whether low-volume surgeons attain the same outcomes after PD as high-volume surgeons at high-volume hospitals. PDs undertaken from 2010 to 2012 were obtained from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration. High-volume hospitals were identified. Surgeon volumes within were determined; postoperative length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, discharge status, and hospital charges were examined relative to surgeon volume. Six high-volume hospitals were identified. Each hospital had at least one surgeon undertaking ≥ 12 PDs per year and at least one surgeon undertaking < 12 PDs per year. Within these six hospitals, there were 10 “high-volume” surgeons undertaking 714 PDs over the three-year period (average of 24 PDs per surgeon per year), and 33 “low-volume” surgeons undertaking 225 PDs over the three-year period (average of two PDs per surgeon per year). For all surgeons, the frequency with which surgeons undertook PD did not predict LOS, in-hospital mortality, discharge status, or hospital charges. At the six high-volume hospitals examined from 2010 to 2012, low-volume surgeons undertaking PD did not have different patient outcomes from their high-volume counterparts with respect to patient LOS, in-hospital mortality, patient discharge status, or hospital charges. Although the discussion of volume for complex operations has shifted toward surgeon volume, hospital volume must remain part of the discussion as there seems to be a hospital “field effect.”

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