scholarly journals The Significant Effect of Entrepreneurship in Appraising Unemployment Problems in South East, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Paul Orajaka
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
Correlation Result ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact

The cram widen the concept of entrepreneurship, the impact, the influence and the need to stick firmly to economic development, job availability, modernization and industrialization in the course of entrepreneurial development in South Eastern region. The researches explore numerous studies on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, Africa and beyond. The study applies research design for the research method, population sample, sample size and sample techniques. The analysis employ descriptive statistic, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean scores and correlation methods as tools applied to analyze the respondent questionnaires; in other to understand what the data is informing the researcher. The results shows strongly agree and agree are significant with significant value of 0.000 with 80.3% correlation rate of the variables and the mean score of 4.0 approximately, which implies that the alternative hypothesis will be accepted. One way analyses of variance also validate the correlations significant level with 0.000 significant values for the respondent questionnaires. The one way ANOVA result agreed with that of correlation result to accept the alternative hypothesis. Having assessed the study, the decision rule implies that entrepreneurial development has effective benefit to job availability in South Eastern region.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AND JOB AVAILABILITY IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chika Anugwu ◽  
Nnenne Adani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Strongly Agree

The research develop the concept of entrepreneurship, the benefits and need to adhere strictly to economic development, job availability, modernization and industrialization through entrepreneurial development in South East Nigeria. The study reviewed several studies on entrepreneurial development in Nigeria, Africa and beyond. The study employs survey research design. The analysis employ mean scores and correlation tools to analyze the respondent questionnaire, in order to understand what the data is informing the researcher. The results show strongly agree and agree are significant with significant value of 0.000 and the mean score of 4.0 approximately, which implies that the alternative hypothesis will be accepted. Having assessed the study, the decision rule implies that entrepreneurial development has effective benefit to job availability in South East Nigeria.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of the Senior Management’s Support on the Relationship between Factors Affecting and Employees’ Performance in the Al-Zawiya University of Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nasreddin Ramadhan Dukhan ◽  
Norhisham Mohamad ◽  
Asbi B Ali
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Performance

This study aims to test the influence of the senior management’s support as a moderating variable on the relationship between the independent factors (Training, Empowerment, Motivation and Communication) and the dependent variable (Performance of Employees). (SEM-AMOS) is used to test the impact of the moderating variable. Where it is depended on the method of sampling or analysis of what is known as multiple-groups analysis. The paragraphs of the senior management’s support variable are collected and divided into two groups according to the mean of the total paragraphs. In addition, according to the relative weights given to the paragraphs of the questionnaire, using a five- point’s Likert scale: 1= strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The first group consisted of the grades less than the mean and it is considered as the group which is non-supporters of the existence of support. While the second group consisted of the grades higher than the mean and considered as the group which is a supporter of the existence of support. The study found that the model of study in the presence of the support of the senior management’s is appropriate for the second group and inappropriate in light of the lack of support by the senior management’s support for the first group.

scholarly journals Sinus heart rate post pulmonary vein ablation and long-term risk of recurrences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa von Olshausen ◽  
Ott Saluveer ◽  
Jonas Schwieler ◽  
Nikola Drca ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Cather ablation is known to influence the autonomic nervous system. This study sought to investigate the association of sinus heart rate pre-/post-ablation and recurrences in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods Between January 2012 and December 2017, data of 482 patients undergoing their first PVI were included. Sinus heart rate was recorded before (PRE), directly post-ablation (POST) and 3 months post-ablation (3 M). All patients were screened for atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences during the one-year follow-up. Results In the total study cohort, the mean resting sinus heart rate at PRE [mean 57.9 bpm (95% CI 57.1–58.7 bpm)] increased by over 10 bpm to POST [mean 69.4 bpm (95% CI 68.5–70.3 bpm); p < 0.001] followed by a slight decrease at 3 M [mean 67.3 bpm (95% CI 66.4–68.2 bpm)] but still remaining higher compared to PRE (p < 0.001). This pattern was observed in patients with and without recurrences at POST and 3 M (both p < 0.001 compared to PRE). However, at 3 M the mean sinus heart rate was significantly lower in patients with compared to patients without recurrences (p = 0.031). In this regard, patients with a heart rate change < 11 bpm (PRE to 3 M) or, as an alternative parameter, patients with a heart rate < 60 bpm at 3 M had a significantly higher risk of recurrences compared to the remaining patients (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.82 (95% CI 1.32–2.49), p < 0.001 and HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20–2.25), p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Our study confirms the impact of PVI on cardiac autonomic function with a significant sinus heart rate increase post-ablation. Patients with a sinus heart rate change < 11 bpm (PRE to 3 M) are at higher risk for recurrences during one-year post-PVI.

scholarly journals Variability of Respiratory Rate Measurements in Neonates- Every Minute Counts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Njeru ◽  
Dustin T. Dunsmuir ◽  
William M. Macharia ◽  
J. Mark Ansermino
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Respiratory rate is difficult to measure, especially in neonates who have an irregular breathing pattern. The World Health Organisation recommends a one-minute count, but there is limited data to support this length of observation. We sought to evaluate agreement between the respiratory rate (RR) derived from capnography in neonates, over 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds and 300 seconds, against the recommended 60 seconds.Methods: Neonates at two hospitals in Nairobi were recruited and had capnograph waveforms recorded using the Masimo Rad 97. A single high quality 5 minute epoch was randomly chosen from each subject. For each selected epoch, the mean RR was calculated using a breath-detection algorithm applied to the waveform. The RR in the first 60 seconds was compared to the mean RR measured over the first 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds, full 300 seconds, and last 60 seconds. We calculated bias and limits of agreement for each comparison and used Bland-Altman plots for visual comparisons.Results: A total of 306 capnographs were analysed from individual subjects. The subjects had a median gestation age of 39 weeks with slightly more females (52.3%) than males (47.7%). The majority of the population were term neonates (70.1%) with 39 (12.8%) having a primary respiratory pathology. There was poor agreement between all the comparisons based on the limits of agreement [confidence interval], ranging between 11.9 [-6.79 to 6.23] breaths per minute in the one versus two minutes comparison, and 34.7 [-17.59 to 20.53] breaths per minute in the first versus last minute comparison. Worsening agreement was observed in plots with higher RRs.Conclusions: Neonates have high variability of RR, even over a short period of time. A slight degradation in the agreement is noted over periods shorter than one minute. However, this is smaller than observations done three minutes apart in the same subject. Longer periods of observation also reduce agreement. For device developers, precise synchronization is needed when comparing devices to reduce the impact of RR variation. For clinicians, where possible, continuous or repeated monitoring of neonates would be preferable to one time RR measurements.

A Cross Sectional Observational Study to Assess Pharmacists Perspective and General Health Wellbeing During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Ibrahim ◽  
Asma Almuhsin ◽  
Raghad Alkhattabi ◽  
Maryam Almulaifi ◽  
Ali Alrumaih
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
General Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic impacted all countries negatively. Regulatory bodies in Saudi Arabia and worldwide set a firm policies and guidelines to protect their nationals and residents from the virus. Pharmacists play a major role in health care. This study aims to assess pharmacists prospective and general health wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional observational study using a quantitative survey-based methodology. Data was collected from May to July 2020. Results: We were able to enrol 381 pharmacists working in different practice settings as governmental hospitals, healthcare centers, private hospitals and community pharmacies. The acceptable knowledge level score is 13 (60%) that has been reached by about 37% of participants. Male and female had similar scores. Level of knowledge among regions was variable, southern region scored the least with a mean score of 12.89 ± 3.91 and eastern region scored the highest level with a mean score of 15.07 ± 2.86. There was a significant correlation between knowledge level, region of residency and level of experience. The maximum total awareness score was 7, the mean score was 5.18 ± 1.65. There was a statistically significant correlation between awareness level and the region of residency variable. The general health questions section included 9 questions. The minimum score was 9, the maximum was 36 and the mean score was 17.51 ± 7.34. The higher the score indicate the worsening of the general health. There is a strong correlation between gender, experience and the general health wellbeing. Men had better general health compared to women p<0.001 and participants with range of experience 6-10 years had a lower level of general health. Conclusion: COVID-19 still has a negative impact worldwide. Maintaining awareness and education is essential to keep the protective measures as possible. In addition, there is a need to address the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacist's mental health to act accordingly.

scholarly journals Glacier changes from 1966–2009 in the Gongga Mountains, on the south-eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and their climatic forcing

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 3479-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pan ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
B. Cao ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gongga Mountains

Abstract. In order to monitor the changes of the glaciers in the Gongga Mountain region on the south-eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 74 monsoonal temperate glaciers were investigated by comparing the Chinese Glacier Inventory (CGI), recorded in the 1960s, with Landsat MSS in 1974, Landsat TM in 1989, 1994, 2005, and ASTER data in 2009. The remote sensing data have been applied to map the glacier outline by threshold ratio images (TM4/TM5). Moreover, the glacier outlines were verified by GPS survey on four large glaciers (Hailuogou, Mozigou, Yanzigou, and Dagongba) in 2009. The results show that the area dominated by the 74 glaciers has shrunk by 11.3 % (29.2 km2) from 1966 to 2009. Glacier area on the eastern and western slope of the Gongga Mountains decreased by 14.1 km2 (5.5 % in 1966) and 15.1 km2 (5.9 % in 1966), respectively. The loss in glacier area and length is respectively 0.8 km2 and 1146.4 m (26.7 m yr−1) for the Hailuogou glacier, 2.1 km2 and 501.8 m (11.7 m yr−1) for the Mozigou Glacier, 0.8 km2 and 724.8 m (16.9 m yr−1) for the Yanzigou Glacier, and 2.4 km2 and 1002.3 m (23.3 m yr−1) for the Dagongba Glacier. Decades of climate records obtained from three meteorological stations in the Gongga Mountains were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the temperature and precipitation on glacier retreat. During 1966–2009, the mean annual temperature over the eastern and western slope of the Gongga Mountains has been increasing by 0.21 °C/10 yr and 0.13 °C/10 yr, respectively. Moreover, it was stable in the mean annual precipitation. This evidence indicates that the warming of the climate is probably responsible for the glacier retreat in the study region.

scholarly journals Uncertainty caused by resistances in evapotranspiration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Li Zhao ◽  
Yu Jiu Xiong ◽  
Kyaw Tha Paw U ◽  
Pierre Gentine ◽  
Baoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mean Absolute Percent Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Percent Error ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Quantifying the uncertainties induced by resistance parameterization is fundamental to understanding, improving, and developing terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models. Using high-density eddy covariance (EC) tower observations in a heterogeneous oasis in Northwest China, this study evaluates the impact of resistances on latent heat flux (LE) estimations, the energy equivalent of ET, by comparing resistance parameterizations with varied complexity under one- and two-source Penman-Monteith (PM) equations. We then discuss possible solutions for reducing such uncertainties by employing a three-temperature (3T) model, which does not explicitly include resistance-related parameters. The results show that the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) varied from 32 % to 39 % for the LE estimates from the one- and two-source PM equations. When only surface resistance (rs) was parameterized under the one-source network, then the uncertainty (defined as the difference between MAPEs) dropped to 12 %. When both rs and aerodynamic resistance (ra) were parameterized differently under the one- and two-source networks, then the uncertainties in the estimates were 11~23 %, emphasizing that multiple resistances add uncertainties. Additionally, the 3T model performed better than the PM equations, with MAPE of 19 %. The results suggest that 1) although prior calibration of the parameters required in resistance estimations can improve the PM-based LE estimates, resistance parameterization process can generate obvious uncertainties, 2) more complex resistance parameterizations leads to more uncertainty in the LE estimation, and 3) the relatively simple 3T model avoids resistance parameterization, thus introducing less uncertainty in the LE estimation.

scholarly journals Impact of temporal correlations on high risk outbreaks of independent and cooperative SIR dynamics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253563
Author(s):  
Sina Sajjadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ejtehadi ◽  
Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Outbreak Size

We first propose a quantitative approach to detect high risk outbreaks of independent and coinfective SIR dynamics on three empirical networks: a school, a conference and a hospital contact network. This measurement is based on the k-means clustering method and identifies proper samples for calculating the mean outbreak size and the outbreak probability. Then we systematically study the impact of different temporal correlations on high risk outbreaks over the original and differently shuffled counterparts of each network. We observe that, on the one hand, in the coinfection process, randomization of the sequence of the events increases the mean outbreak size of high-risk cases. On the other hand, these correlations do not have a consistent effect on the independent infection dynamics, and can either decrease or increase this mean. Randomization of the daily pattern correlations has no strong impact on the size of the outbreak in either the coinfection or the independent spreading cases. We also observe that an increase in the mean outbreak size does not always coincide with an increase in the outbreak probability; therefore, we argue that merely considering the mean outbreak size of all realizations may lead us into falsely estimating the outbreak risks. Our results suggest that some sort of contact randomization in the organizational level in schools, events or hospitals might help to suppress the spreading dynamics while the risk of an outbreak is high.

scholarly journals The Lichen Biota of Pinus sylvestris Under the Impact of Some Stand-Related Factors: A Case Study from the South-Eastern Part of Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park (Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Zarabska-Bożejewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Kujawa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A lichenological inventory was conducted in the pine stands in the south-eastern region of Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park. The aim of this study was to recognize the lichen species diversity on the bark of Pinus sylvestris by considering tree age and forest habitat type. In total, 26 species of lichenized fungi were found on the bark of P. sylvestris . The biota comprises common and widespread species in Poland. Tree age positively and significantly influenced the species richness on the bark of P. sylvestris . The suitability of the pine tree age for lichens evident as alpha diversity seemed to be independent from the habitat of the trees. The age of phorophytes strongly affected the presence of Hypocenomyce scalaris . Mixed fresh coniferous forests were characterized by higher beta- and gamma diversity compared to fresh coniferous forests. There was no correlation between the number of species per tree (alpha diversity) and diversification of species composition in relation to the distance between pines. The findings indicate that maintenance of a variety of phorophytes and age-diversified tree stands can prevent impoverishment of the lichen biota in the south-eastern part of Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park.

scholarly journals Variability of respiratory rate measurements in neonates- every minute counts

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Muthoni Njeru ◽  
J. Mark Ansermino ◽  
William M. Macharia ◽  
Dustin T. Dunsmuir
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Respiratory rate is difficult to measure, especially in neonates who have an irregular breathing pattern. The World Health Organisation recommends a one-minute count, but there is limited data to support this length of observation. We sought to evaluate agreement between the respiratory rate (RR) derived from capnography in neonates, over 15 s, 30 s, 120 s and 300 s, against the recommended 60 s. Methods Neonates at two hospitals in Nairobi were recruited and had capnograph waveforms recorded using the Masimo Rad 97. A single high quality 5 min epoch was randomly chosen from each subject. For each selected epoch, the mean RR was calculated using a breath-detection algorithm applied to the waveform. The RR in the first 60 s was compared to the mean RR measured over the first 15 s, 30 s, 120 s, full 300 s, and last 60 s. We calculated bias and limits of agreement for each comparison and used Bland-Altman plots for visual comparisons. Results A total of 306 capnographs were analysed from individual subjects. The subjects had a median gestation age of 39 weeks with slightly more females (52.3%) than males (47.7%). The majority of the population were term neonates (70.1%) with 39 (12.8%) having a primary respiratory pathology. There was poor agreement between all the comparisons based on the limits of agreement [confidence interval], ranging between 11.9 [− 6.79 to 6.23] breaths per minute in the one versus 2 min comparison, and 34.7 [− 17.59 to 20.53] breaths per minute in the first versus last minute comparison. Worsening agreement was observed in plots with higher RRs. Conclusions Neonates have high variability of RR, even over a short period of time. A slight degradation in the agreement is noted over periods shorter than 1 min. However, this is smaller than observations done 3 min apart in the same subject. Longer periods of observation also reduce agreement. For device developers, precise synchronization is needed when comparing devices to reduce the impact of RR variation. For clinicians, where possible, continuous or repeated monitoring of neonates would be preferable to one time RR measurements.

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