Evaluation of the Effects of Pediococcus acidilactici Isolated from Wara, a Nigerian Milk Product, in the Prevention of Diarrhea and the Modulation of Intestinal Microflora in Wistar Rats

Animals have been used in the evaluation of probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria for the development of functional food as only in-vitro tests may not be enough to ascertain the probiotic ability of an organism and its safety in a living host. The action of a probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici strain isolated from Wara, a Nigerian milk product, in the treatment of Diarrhea in wistar rats infected orally with Diarrhoeagenic Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as well as the survival and microflora modulation of the probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract were evaluated. Five groups of seven rats each were infected and treated as the case may be with the pathogen and probiotic respectively. Each group received specific treatments for 30 days, during which the animals were closely monitored and the faecal samples were analyzed for the trend of E. coli and LAB counts. Also, specific organs of the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were examined for any histomorphological disparity after 30 days of daily treatment. Clinical signs were observed in the pathogen challenged animals while the probiotic treated groups displayed less pronounced Diarrheal symptoms and a negligible E. coli count. The strain adhered to the mucosal wall and did not initiate any adverse effect on the organs of the GIT after treatment. It was concluded that Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from Wara, a Nigerian milk product, was able to improve gut health through pathogen exclusion and had no adverse effect on the general health of the host.

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Lyophilized B. subtilis ZB183 Spores: 90-Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study In Wistar Rats

10.1101/724542 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Appala Naidu. B ◽

Kamala Kannan ◽

D. P. Santhosh Kumar ◽

John W.K. Oliver ◽

Zachary D. Abbott

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Repeat Dose ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Body Weights ◽

Dose Oral

AbstractA 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on lyophilized spores of the novel genetically modified strain B. subtilis ZB183. Lyophilized spores at doses of 109, 1010, and 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats for a period of 90 consecutive days. B.Subtilis ZB183 had no effects on clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmological examinations, functional observational battery, body weights, body weight gains and food consumption in both sexes. There were no test item-related changes observed in haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, thyroid hormonal analysis, terminal fasting body weights, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. A minimal increase in the plasma albumin level was observed at 1010 and 1011 CFU/kg/day doses without an increase in total protein in males or females and was considered a non-adverse effect. The “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” is defined at the highest dose of 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day for lyophilized B.Subtilis ZB183 Spores under the test conditions employed.

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Colonization of Germ-Free Piglets with Commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus mucosae, and Probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and Their Interference with Salmonella Typhimurium

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7080273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Igor Splichal ◽

Sharon M. Donovan ◽

Zdislava Splichalova ◽

Vera Neuzil Bunesova ◽

Eva Vlkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Intestinal Histology ◽

E Coli ◽

Lactobacillus Amylovorus ◽

Lactobacillus Mucosae ◽

Protection Against Infection ◽

The Impact

Non-typhoid Salmonellae are worldwide spread food-borne pathogens that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Their multi-drug resistances require alternative ways to combat this enteric pathogen. Mono-colonization of a gnotobiotic piglet gastrointestinal tract with commensal lactobacilli Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus mucosae and with probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and their interference with S. Typhimurium infection was compared. The impact of bacteria and possible protection against infection with Salmonella were evaluated by clinical signs, bacterial translocation, intestinal histology, mRNA expression of villin, claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin in the ileum and colon, and local intestinal and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10. Both lactobacilli colonized the gastrointestinal tract in approximately 100× lower density compare to E. coli Nissle and S. Typhimurium. Neither L. amylovorus nor L. mucosae suppressed the inflammatory reaction caused by the 24 h infection with S. Typhimurium. In contrast, probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 was able to suppress clinical signs, histopathological changes, the transcriptions of the proteins, and the inductions of the inflammatory cytokines. Future studies are needed to determine whether prebiotic support of the growth of lactobacilli and multistrain lactobacilli inoculum could show higher protective effects.

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Microbiological aspects of the effect of Fe NPs on Wistar rats

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-168-173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 168-173

Author(s):

A. M. Korotkova ◽

O. V. Kvan ◽

I. A. Vershinina ◽

S. V. Lebedev

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Physiological State ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Vital Role ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

E Coli ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Microbiological Aspects

An important route of metal intake from NP preparations is the pathway through absorption by bacterial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. This changes the composition of the microflora. Thus, giving animals NP Cu is accompanied by an increase in the total number of bacteria and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the population of E. coli and Clostridium spp. When it enters the intestine, part of the NP is able to form a pool on the inner wall of the intestine, in connection with which it can act with microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal microbiota is known to play a vital role in the nutritional and immunological functions of host animals. However, in the literature there is not enough data on the influence of NP on the intestinal microbiocenosis of various representatives of the animal world and humans. The aim of the study is to study the effect of Fe nanoparticles introduced by per os on representatives of the main physiological groups of microorganisms. 30 male Wistar rats aged 4 months, identical in weight (from 180 g), were selected on the basis of analogues. up to 250 g.), physiological state, were in the previous period of experience in a balanced diet on the recommendations. Preparations of NP Fe for the introduction of per os were prepared in isotonic saline solution, treated for 30 minutes on an ultrasonic dispersant. Nanoparticles in the required amount were mixed with rice. The frequency of giving NP Fe to animals in order to correct microbiocenosis with deficient diets is 1 time in 7 days. In this case, the introduction of 10 mg of iron per kg of animal weight showed the best results.

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Prevention of enteric bacterial infections and modulation of gut microbiota composition with conjugated linoleic acids producingLactobacillusin mice

10.1101/571117 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mengfei Peng ◽

Zajeba Tabashsum ◽

Puja Patel ◽

Cassandra Bernhardt ◽

Chitrine Biswas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽

E Coli ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractProbiotics are recognized to outcompete pathogenic bacteria by receptor-mediated colonizing and secreting functional metabolites which have direct antimicrobial activities towards pathogens and/or improving host’s gut health and immunity. We have constructed aLactobacillus casei(LC) probiotic strain, LC+mcra, by insertingmcra(myosin cross-reactive antigen) gene, which stimulates the conversion of conjugated linoleic acids. In this study, we evaluated the protective roles of LC+mcraagainst pathogenicSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) infection in BALB/cJ mice. Through a series ofin vivoinvestigation, we observed that LC+mcracolonized efficiently in mice gut and competitively reduced the infection with ST and EHEC in various locations of small and large intestine, specifically cecum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). The cecal microbiota in ST-challenged mice with LC+mcraprotection were positively modulated with higher relative abundances Firmicutes but lower Proteobacteria plus increased bacterial species diversity/richness based on 16S metagenomic sequencing. Based on cytokine gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR, mice pretreated with LC+mcrawere found with attenuated bacterial pathogen-induced gut inflammation. Furthermore, mice fed LC+mcradaily for one week could protect themselves from the impairments caused by enteric infections with ST or EHEC. These impairments include weight loss, negative hematological changes, intestinal histological alterations, and potential death. Thisin vivostudy suggests that daily consumption of novel conjugated linoleic acids over-producing probiotic might be efficient in improving gut intestinal microbiome composition and preventing/combating foodborne enteric bacterial infections with pathogenicSalmonellaand diarrheagenicE. coli.Author summaryNumerous bacteria colonize throughout the gastrointestinal tract and form a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. A balanced microbial composition is crucial for maintaining proper gut health and host defense against pathogenic microbes. However, enteric bacterial infections could cause illness and even lead to death of host when foodborne pathogens likeSalmonellaand enterohaemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) invade gut intestine and cause imbalance of gut microbiota. Beneficial microbes in gastrointestinal tract such asLactobacillusand their secreted bio-active metabolites, are potential bio-agents to improve gut immunity and outcompete bacterial pathogens. In this study, to evaluate roles of novelLactobacillusstrain LC+mcrawhich produce higher amount of a group of beneficial secondary metabolites called conjugated linoleic acids, we have shown that daily oral administration of this LC+mcrafor one-week in mice lead to higher proportion of beneficial bacterial colonization in different locations of intestine and a significant reduction of pathogenicSalmonellaand EHEC colonization. Furthermore, mice fed with LC+mcrarestore and modulateSalmonellainfection-induced negative impact on gut microbiota composition and protect themselves from various levels of physiological damage.

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The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics ◽

10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.15:52-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Sri Winarti ◽

Agung Pasetyo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

E Coli ◽

Colonic Microbiota ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Lactobacillus Spp ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

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Evolution of Pig Fecal Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection and Colistin Treatment in Weaned Piglets

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9071459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1459

Author(s):

Mohamed Rhouma ◽

Charlotte Braley ◽

William Thériault ◽

Alexandre Thibodeau ◽

Sylvain Quessy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Treatment ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

E Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli Infection ◽

Pig Health ◽

Microbiota Diversity ◽

Sampling Times

The intestinal microbiota plays several important roles in pig health and growth. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in the fecal microbiota diversity and composition of weaned piglets following an oral challenge with an ETEC: F4 strain and/or a treatment with colistin sulfate (CS). Twenty-eight piglets were used in this experiment and were divided into four groups: challenged untreated, challenged treated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Rectal swab samples were collected at five sampling times throughout the study. Total genomic DNA was used to assess the fecal microbiota diversity and composition using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance, the composition, and the community structure of piglet fecal microbiota was highly affected by the ETEC: F4 challenge throughout the experiment, while the oral treatment with CS, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, resulted in a significant decrease of E. coli/Shigella populations during the treatment period only. This study was the first to identify some gut microbiota subgroups (e.g., Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae) that are associated with healthy piglets as compared to ETEC: F4 challenged animals. These key findings might contribute to the development of alternative strategies to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the control of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.

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Predicting the bactericidal efficacy of solar disinfection (SODIS): from kinetic modeling of in vitro tests towards the in silico forecast of E. coli inactivation

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.130866 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130866

Author(s):

Sofia Samoili ◽

Giulio Farinelli ◽

José Ángel Moreno-SanSegundo ◽

Kevin G. McGuigan ◽

Javier Marugán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Modeling ◽

In Silico ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Solar Disinfection ◽

E Coli ◽

Bactericidal Efficacy

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Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01201-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pengpeng Xia ◽

Yunping Wu ◽

Siqi Lian ◽

Guomei Quan ◽

Yiting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Antibody Microarray ◽

E Coli ◽

Fimbrial Subunit ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Weaning Piglets

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.

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Determination of the L-ascorbic acid requirements in Wistar osteogenic disorder Shionogi rats for prolonged carcinogenesis experiments

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367796780739826 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 337-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. W. Y. Chan ◽

P. C. Reade

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Normal Level ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Supplement Group ◽

Palatal Mucosa

Wistar Shionogi rats of the ( od/od) substrain with the osteogenic disorder are unable to synthesize L-ascorbic acid ( L-AA) and appear to be an appropriate animal model for studying the effect of L-AA in carcinogenesis. To determine the minimal L-AA requirements of these animals for prolonged survival in a satisfactory physical condition during experimentation, four concentrations of L-AA (0.33 g/l, 0.67 g/l, 1.67 g/l and 3.33 g/l) were administered via drinking water to four groups of animals ( n=2). Their water intake per cage was recorded three times weekly and the plasma L-AA levels were determined at the start, after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and at the termination of the experiment. To simulate the procedures to be undertaken in oral mucosal carcinogenesis experiments, the animals were gently restrained and a designated amount of sterile NaCl was applied to the palatal mucosa three times a week for 26 weeks. The L-AA supplement group with the lowest concentration (0.33 g/l L-AA) achieved mean plasma levels of 7 ± 1.38 μM, approximately one-eighth that of the normal level (mean plasma L-AA level in outbred Wistar rats was found to be 58 ± 3 μM) whilst those in the higher supplement group (3.33 g/l L-AA) achieved a mean of 18 ± 1.25 μM. All of the animals employed in the present study survived for 26 weeks and showed no clinical signs of L-AA deficiency during this period.

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Effects of Diarrhea Associated with Specific Enteropathogens on the Growth of Children in Rural Bangladesh

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.73.6.799 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert E. Black ◽

Kenneth H. Brown ◽

Stan Becker

Keyword(s):

Linear Growth ◽

Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽

Growth Control ◽

Reference Population ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Rural Bangladesh ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference

Village-based surveillance data from longitudinal studies in rural Bangladesh have been used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of infectious diseases, including diarrhea due to specific pathogens. The prevalences of specific illnesses were related to the ponderal and linear growth of young children for 2-month and 1-year periods. Of the common illnesses, only diarrhea had a significant inverse relationship with increments of weight during 2-month periods and of length during 1 year. Diarrhea accounted for 20% of the difference in linear growth between the study children and the international reference population during the first 5 years of life. Diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli had a significant negative effect on the bimonthly weight gain of children in this community and shigellosis had the strongest negative effect on bimonthly and annual linear growth. Control of diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E coli and Shigella would not only substantially diminish diarrheal morbidity but would also improve the growth of children and thereby reduce the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition.

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