scholarly journals Anticonvulsant Activity of Elaesis guineensis (Jacq) Oil in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizure in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Amagon Leritshimwa ◽  
Omale Simeon ◽  
Amagon Kennedy Iliya ◽  
Abah Joy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Program ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Survival Assay ◽  
Collection Program

Elaesis guineensis, a plant whose oil extract (palm kernel oil) is medicinal, is reported to treat a wide range of disorders, including seizures. However, the anticonvulsant activity of this oil extract has not been exhaustively studied. This study aimed at evaluating the anticonvulsant activity of Elaesis guineensis oil in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit-fly). Pentylenetetrazol (50 mg/5 g diet) was used to induce seizure in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were exposed to different concentrations (0.5-5%) of the oil and phenytoin for 28 days in a survival assay to determine the safety in the fruit flies. Five replicate of fifty files each were exposed to diet containing the LC50 of phenytoin and other groups were exposed to different concentrations of the extract for 7 days. Seizure was then induced with Pentylenetetrazol. The Trikinetic system was used to monitor activity and the DAMSystem3 data collection program to collect, process and store data. The results showed that the extract increased the latency of seizures and improved survival in the flies and suggest that the extract possesses anticonvulsant properties.

scholarly journals Caffeine effects on AdoR mRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Jacek Francikowski ◽  
Bartosz Baran ◽  
Anna Płachetka-Bożek ◽  
Michał Krzyżowski ◽  
Maria Augustyniak
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adult Survival Rate ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate whether exposure to caffeine in the early stages of development affect AdoR mRNA expression levels in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and how this will relate to the developmental success of flies. Adenosine receptors are seen as the most important biochemical targets of caffeine. Simultaneously adenosine signaling orchestrates the development and growth of insects. We demonstrate that AdoR mRNA expression in D. melanogaster is persistent from early stages till imago. Strong alterations in AdoR expression were observed in larvae that had been treated with caffeine. However, after the imaginal molt, the differences in AdoR expression between the insects from all of the test groups evened out despite a wide range of developmental success in the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine affects the expression of its cellular targets even from the early stages of fruit fly development and thus there is a significantly lower larvae-to-adult survival rate. Moreover, we also proved that the expression of AdoR undergoes a peculiar reset during the maturation of D. melanogaster despite the conditions in which larvae developed.

scholarly journals Temporal regulation of proteome profile in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Subramanian ◽  
Jaime J. Jayapalan ◽  
Puteri S. Abdul-Rahman ◽  
Manjula Arumugam ◽  
Onn H. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Background.Diurnal rhythms of protein synthesis controlled by the biological clock underlie the rhythmic physiology in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we conducted a proteome-wide investigation of rhythmic protein accumulation inD. melanogaster.Materials and Methods.Total protein collected from fly samples harvested at 4 h intervals over the 24 h period were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, trypsin digestion and MS/MS analysis. Protein spots/clusters were identified with MASCOT search engine and Swiss-Prot database. Expression of proteins was documented as percentage of volume contribution using the Image Master 2D Platinum software.Results.A total of 124 protein spots/clusters were identified using MS/MS analysis. Significant variation in the expression of 88 proteins over the 24-h period was observed. A relatively higher number of proteins was upregulated during the night compared to the daytime. The complexity of temporal regulation of theD. melanogasterproteome was further reflected from functional annotations of the differently expressed proteins, with those that were upregulated at night being restricted to the heat shock proteins and proteins involved in metabolism, muscle activity, protein synthesis/folding/degradation and apoptosis, whilst those that were overexpressed in the daytime were apparently involved in metabolism, muscle activity, ion-channel/cellular transport, protein synthesis/folding/degradation, redox homeostasis, development and transcription.Conclusion.Our data suggests that a wide range of proteins synthesized by the fruit fly,D. melanogaster, is under the regulation of the biological clock.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Dormancy in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster: A Review of Juvenile Hormone-Dependent Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Kurogi ◽  
Yosuke Mizuno ◽  
Eisuke Imura ◽  
Ryusuke Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range

Animals can adjust their physiology, helping them survive and reproduce under a wide range of environmental conditions. One of the strategies to endure unfavorable environmental conditions such as low temperature and limited food supplies is dormancy. In some insect species, this may manifest as reproductive dormancy, which causes their reproductive organs to be severely depleted under conditions unsuitable for reproduction. Reproductive dormancy in insects is induced by a reduction in juvenile hormones synthesized in the corpus allatum (pl. corpora allata; CA) in response to winter-specific environmental cues, such as low temperatures and short-day length. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of dormancy-inducing conditions dependent on CA control mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster. This review summarizes dormancy control mechanisms in D. melanogaster and discusses the implications for future studies of insect dormancy, particularly focusing on juvenile hormone-dependent regulation.

scholarly journals Development and Assessment of Cracking and Sorting Processes of Palm Kernel Nut Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
A. J. Bakri ◽  
T. B. Ajayi ◽  
K. O. Oladerin ◽  
A. O. Mogbojuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Sorting Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents a research on the Development and Assessment of the cracking and sorting processes of palm kernels nuts in a mechanical cracking machine. The palm kernel oil is an important agricultural produce, it has a wide range of usage aside from cooking. In attempt to reduce energy exploitation, in conjunction with the regular high rate of demand for products been extracted from palm kernel nut, the need to improve on the manual method of cracking and sorting became eminent. The mechanical cracker was made up of two units: the cracking and sorting unit. Experimental studies of properties of machine components were considered with the purpose of avoiding fatigue failure and fracture on the palm nuts during the processing duration. The mechanical cracker was designed, fabricated and performance evaluation carried out using locally sourced materials. It was developed with a 5hp electric motor to drive the machine coupled with belts and pulleys. The average data assessment shows a 2.01% of un-cracked nuts, 2.36% of partially cracked nuts, 93.58% of un-cracked nut and 2.05% broken nuts. The cracking-sorting efficiency was estimated at 94% and throughput capacity was determined to be 80kg/h while the overall palm kernel recovery efficiency was 85%. These suggest that the machine is very suitable for separating the palm kernel nuts from the cracked shells clearly and completely.

scholarly journals A model-based high throughput method for fecundity estimation in fruit fly studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Ng’oma ◽  
Elizabeth G. King ◽  
Kevin M. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
The Media

AbstractThe ability to quantify fecundity is critically important to a wide range of experimental applications, particularly in widely-used model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. However, the standard method of manually counting eggs is time consuming and limits the feasibility of large-scale experiments. We develop a predictive model to automate the counting of eggs from images of eggs removed from the media surface and washed onto dark filter paper. A cross-validation approach demonstrates our method performs well, with a correlation between predicted and manually counted values of 0.88. We show how this method can be applied to a large data set where egg densities vary widely.

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster Response to Feeding with Neomycin-Based Medium Expressed in Fluctuating Asymmetry

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Kemal Büyükgüzel ◽  
Ender Büyükgüzel ◽  
Ewa Chudzińska ◽  
Anetta Lewandowska-Wosik ◽  
Renata Gaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Type D ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Anal Papillae

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model species used for a wide range of studies. Contamination of Drosophila cultures with bacterial infection is common and is readily eradicated by antibiotics. Neomycin antibiotics can cause stress to D. melanogaster’s larvae and imagoes, which may affect the interpretation of the results of research using culture from neomycin-based medium. In the present study, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), one of the important bioindicators of stress, was measured. Larvae and imagoes of a wild-type D. melanogaster strain were exposed to various concentrations of neomycin. The size of anal papillae and selected wing veins were measured using scanning electron and light microscopy, respectively. Next, the FA was checked. The values obtained for larval anal papillae appeared to be concentration-dependant; the FA indices increased with the concentration of neomycin. The wing FA presented a large but variable correlation, depending on the measured vein. However, the mean length of veins was the highest for the control group, with neomycin-exposed groups showing lower values. The research showed that neomycin may cause sublethal stress in D. melanogaster, which manifests in increased FA indices. This suggests that neomycin can cause physiological and developmental stress in insects, which should be taken into account when interpreting the results of studies using these model organisms.

Kinetics Studies of Epoxidation and Oxirane Cleavage-Epoxidized Palm Kernel Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Mohd Jumain Jalil ◽  
Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin ◽  
Mohd Saufi Md Zaini ◽  
Veronique Gloria V. Siduru ◽  
Norhashimah Morad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oxirane Cleavage

Background: Studies pertaining to the epoxidation of fatty acids, garnered much interest in recent years due to the rising demand of eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. Methods: Epoxide is an important chemical precursor for the production of alcohols, glycols and polymers, like polyesters and epoxy resin. Epoxidation is the name given to the reaction when the double bonds are converted into epoxide. Results: Temperature at 55oC was used as a reference material in the epoxide process, as it produces a high yield epoxide being 88%. The kinetic rate of epoxidized palm kernel oil, k was obtained to be k11= 0.5125, k12= 0.05045, k21= 0.03185, k41= 0.01 and k51= 0.01243. Conclusion: Hence, by fitting the result with the experimental work and simulation, the summation of error being stimulated by I-sight simulation was 0.731116428 and the correlation between the experimental and simulation data was 0.925544.

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Production of biolubricant samples from palm kernel oil using different chemical modification approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Egbuna ◽  
Ukeh J. Nwachukwu ◽  
Chinedu M. Agu ◽  
Christain O. Asadu ◽  
Bernard Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil
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