scholarly journals Funding of Agricultural Public Extension Service in a Deregulated Economy: A Study of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
K. N. N. Ezike ◽  
E. N. Okeowata ◽  
V. A. Chukwu ◽  
Ogonna O. Osuafor
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Farm Finance ◽  
Personal Savings

Funding of Ebonyi State Nigeria Agricultural Public Extension Service in a deregulated economy was studied. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; identify the major recommended packages/technologies and services extended to the farmers and examine the trend in the funding of agricultural extension services from 2001 to 2010. A total of 240 contact farmers were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that majority (65.42%) of the respondents were males; had a mean age of 49 years, married; had a relatively large household size of 8 persons; and relatively low educational status. Average farm holding was 0.90 ha and personal savings were the major sources of farm finance. Government funding of the agricultural public extension dwindled throughout the period with budget estimate at the peak of N220.4 m recorded in 2013 and the lowest of about N69.3 m in 2001, whereas the highest actual expenditure was about N99.5 m in 2010 and the lowest amount of about N37.1 m was also recorded in 2009. A big difference between the budget estimate and actual expenditure was observed in 2009 with a budget deficit of about 46.5%. The amount farmers were willing to pay for extension services was not also stable with the highest amount of about N9.2 m in 2005 and least amount of N800,000.00 in 2003. The amount expended by government was higher than the amount farmers are willing to pay with 98.2% difference in 2004. The study indicated that the proportion of farmers willing to pay for extension services is low. This could lead to reduced adoption and utilization of improved technologies and decline in farmers’ and farm productivity in a deregulated economy. Recommendations such as educating farmers on cost of extension services and the need for their contribution, backing up extension services with interest free loans, deregulating extension services in a gradual process and in phases, and improving the country’s educational system were made among others.

scholarly journals An investigation into the factors facilitating extension services available to fish farmers in Ijebu-Ode agricultural extension zone, Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
S. I. Ezeani ◽  
O. T. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Extension Zone

Extension services bridge the gap between research and farmers for increased productivity and improved livelihood. The study investigated the factors facilitating extension services available to fish farmers in Ijebu Ode Agricultural Extension Zone, Ogun State, aimed to determine fish farmers' preferences, the costs and returns of fishes and the constraints hindering extension services available to the respondents. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents from all the six extension blocks in Ijebu Ode Zone of Ogun State ADP. One hundred and seventeen fish farmers were randomly sampled using structured interview schedules. The study revealed the mean and standard errors of age, household size and fish farming experience as 46.6±0.9 years, 6±0.3 persons and 6±0.4 years, respectively; 67.5% were male, married (76.1%) and all were literate. Formal sources of extension services available to fish farmers were extension agents from ADPs (99.1%), JDPC extension workers (54.7%) and NGOs (44.4%).Informal sources include; friends and relations (70.9%), extension guide/bulletins (70.9%), and the mobile phone (41.9%). Farmers showed preferences for extension services like field demonstrations (91.5%), fishing inputs marketing information (88.0%), farm record keeping (81.2%) and environmental management (79%). There was significant association between fish farmers' 2 2 marital status (χ2 = 29.67, p < 0.05), educational status (χ2 = 22.63, p < 0.05) and nature of extension services available to them. However, no significant relationship was found between the nature of extension services available and age (r = 0.012; p >0.05), years of experience (r=-0.074; p<0.05) and house hold size (r = 0.033; p >0.05). There was association between 2 nature of extension services available to fish farmers and their profitability ((χ2 = 173.088, p < 0.05). For more effective extension service delivery, this study recommends better linkage of fish farmers to credit sources, favourable government policy on agriculture, proper funding of extension service and remuneration of extension personnel.

Performance of Financial Sectors for Agricultural Development in West Tripura District of Tripura

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The West ◽  
Field Officer ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Farm Finance ◽  
Important Input

Finance is an important input of agriculture. Sufficient and timely credit to the farmer is vital and indispensable for the rehabilitation and progress of agriculture. The present study was conducted in the West Tripura district of Tripura to analyze the magnitude, utilization, and constraints of farm finance availed by the borrowers in the district. 120 sample farmers and 20 lenders were selected using a purposive random sampling technique for detailed analysis. Data were collected by survey method using pretested schedules. The study revealed an increasing trend in terms of branch expansion, total deposits and advances over the years. Moreover, the C-D ratio increased from 41 in 2013-14to 45.77 in 2017-18. The sector-wise advances of banks showed an increasing trend and percentage share to the agricultural, and non-farm sectors was 27.57 and 72.43 in West Tripura. Inadequacy of loans, and lengthy lending procedures were problems identified by the borrower farmers. The majority of farmers (89.16 percent) opined that the borrowed amount was not adequate for meeting their farm expenses. As per the bank officials, the non-availability of the land records (80 percent) with the borrower was a major problem. To improve borrowing and utilization of farm finance remedial measures such as post-credit supervision by the Bank Field Officer and disbursement of the major portion of the loan in kind form may be adopted.

Bridging Gender Gaps in Provision of Agricultural Extension Service Using ICT

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanga ◽  
V. J. Kalungwizi ◽  
C. P. Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Agricultural Extension Service ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Important Evidence

This article was designed to present the assessment of the effectiveness of radio - based, impact driven smallholder farmer extension service system provided by FVR to enhance accessibility of extension services to women and men in the project areas of Tanzania. Specifically, this paper assessed women and men farmers' access to ICT and factors influencing the utilization of ICT to deliver agricultural information and knowledge. The paper used data from impact assessment survey of the project conducted between April 2012 and June 2012. These data were complemented by focus group discussion involving members of gender advisory panel that had been established in the selected project sites. Quantitative data were analyzed to yield frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Even though ownership of mobile phones and radio was higher among women in all study areas both men and women farmers' had almost the same percentage in accessibility to agricultural extension information. The factors that affected women and men farmers to get quality agricultural information via these ICT tools were namely: poor radio signal reception, power outrage and poor timing of radio programs among others. This is important evidence that careful use of ICT can reduce gender imbalance in agricultural extension services and information delivery.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Agricultural Extension Contact On Crop Income In Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Zafar Mahmudul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Crop Income ◽  
The Impact

The impact of extension contact on crop income is examined with a view to evaluating the agricultural extension in Bangladesh. The scope of the study was ten villages of Gazipur district. The objectives of the study are to i) determine the factors influencing the benefit of extension services in terms of farm income, ii) determine the factors affecting the extension contact of farmers, and iii) suggest some policy guidelines to improve the extension services in Bangladesh. The sample of the study consists of 1000 farmers. Data came from field survey and multistage random sampling technique was used in order to collect data. The results indicated that the impact of extension contact coefficient on crop income is positive and significant. Evidence shows that the influence of extension contact coefficient is strongly positive and significant in the comparatively nearer villages to upazila headquarters, while this effect is weaker for those villages, which are comparatively away from upazila headquarters. It is found that many farmers did not receive extension contact and the effect of extension contact is weak on crop income compared to other factors such as irrigation and chemical fertilizer. It is assumed that there was enough scope to increase extension contact in the study areas. Some determinants of extension contact were also examined. The study concludes that agricultural extension is necessary to increase among the farmers. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 321-334, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15893

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberusum) Marketing in Metropolitan Markets of Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
U. E. Umoffia ◽  
U. K. Iroegbute ◽  
T. M. Barnabas ◽  
J. A. Nandi ◽  
J. N. Akeweta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Personal Savings ◽  
Benefit Cost

Aims: This paper evaluates the economic analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum) marketing in the metropolitan markets of Bauchi State. Study Design: A sample random sampling technique was used in selecting eighty (80) respondents (30 wholesalers and 50 retailers). Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methodology: Questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers and other information on cost/return from the respondents. It was however complemented with oral interviews. Results: The results shows that the enterprise is a profitable venture in the metropolitan markets of Bauchi with a Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of (1.84) Yelwa Tudu market compared to other markets, while acquisition cost constitutes the highest proportion of the total cost of marketing potato. The majority of the marketers were female (57.75%) with 70% of the total respondents falling within the age bracket of 30-50 years. Majority of the marketers had a marketing experience of 1-10 years (58.73%). Also 70% of the marketers were married and 57% started their business with personal savings. Conclusion: The present study identified different challenges in Irish potatoes production and marketing in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Extension Activities for Arable Crops Production in Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O.V. Ayodele ◽  
M.O. Akindele
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Ondo State

The study examined agricultural extension activities for arable crops production in Akure South Local Government Area (LGA), Ondo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Data were collected using interview schedule, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Most respondents (65.6%) were male, 77.1% had formal education with a mean age of 47 years and an average household size of five (4). Furthermore, 80.2% had less than five hectares of land for arable crop farming while 40% of the respondents farmed for family consumption only. Major source of extension services was government agencies. The most accessed services were; choosing of planting dates and introduction to improved seedlings with a mean score of 3.18 and 3.13 respectively. A significant relationship existed between farmers’ perception about extension service and most socio economic characteristics such as; age (χ2 =57.92, P≤0.05) and farm size (χ2 = 65.283, P≤0.05). The study concluded that extension services in the study area were highly accessed and that farmers have high perception about extension services. It recommends more private agencies participation in extension services.Keywords: Extension service, arable crop farmers and perception.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keterlambatan Kedatangan Pasien Stroke di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrel V. Barahama ◽  
Gilbert Tangkudung ◽  
Mieke A. H. N. Kembuan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Minimum Number

Abstract: Stroke is a global health problem. Ensuring the arrival of patients to the hospital to get medical treatment in a timely manner is vital in a stroke event. The late arrival of stroke patients at the hospital is the main reason for delayed medical treatment. Age, gender, education level, site of residence, distance of residence, and ambulance usage are some of the factors associated with the late arrival of stroke patients to the hospital. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between age, gender, educational status, distance of residence, residence site, as well as ambulance usage and the late arrival of stroke patients at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an analytical retrospective study using patients’ medical record data. Samples were obtained by using purposive sampling technique with a minimum number of 226 samples. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test which showed that of the 231 samples the P values were, as follows: age (P=0.711), gender (P=0.879), education level (P=0.010), residence site (P=0.303), distance of residence (P=0.458), and ambulance usage (P=0.469). Conclusion: There was a significant association between education level and the late arrival of stroke patients at Prof. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Keywords: stroke, late arrivalAbstrak: Stroke merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Memastikan kedatangan pasien ke rumah sakit untuk mendapatkan penanganan medis secara tepat waktu merupakan hal yang vital pada suatu kejadian stroke. Keterlambatan kedatangan pada pasien stroke sebelum tiba di rumah sakit merupakan alasan utama terjadinya keterlambatan penanganan medis pada kasus stroke. Usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, jarak tempat tinggal, letak tempat tinggal dan pengguanaan ambulans merupakan beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien stroke ke rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, letak tempat tinggal, jarak tempat tinggal dan penggunaan ambulans dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien stroke di RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medik pasien. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah minimal 226 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil uji chi-square dari 231 sampel mendapatkan nilai P sebagai berikut: usia (P=0,711), jenis kelamin (P=0,879), tingkat pendidikan (P=0,010), letak tempat tinggal (P=0,303), jarak tempat tinggal (P=0,458) dan penggunaan ambulans (P=0,469). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan dengan keterlambatan kedatangan pasien stroke di RSUP Prof. R. D. Kandou ManadoKata kunci: stroke, keterlambatan kedatangan

scholarly journals Profitability Analysis and Factors Influencing Profit Level of Small-Scale Broiler Farmers in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Afodu Osagie John ◽  
Shobo Bolatito Adenike ◽  
Ayo-Bello Taofeek Ayodeji ◽  
Abasilim Chinwe Frances
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Selection Of

Broiler birds are widely praised for its palatability and nutritious values which are mainly for meat purpose, and also serves as source of income to many households in Nigeria. The broiler industry is faced with high cost of production thereby reducing the farmers profit. The study was conducted in three Geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study for the selection of 540 broilers farmers out which 392 returned a well filled questionnaire where data were extracted for the study. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive (frequency and percent) budgetary analysis and inferential (Logit regression) statistics. Factors affecting the profit level of broiler farmers were age (γ1= -0.145, p= 10%), households size (γ3= -5.477, p=10%), educational status of the farmers (γ4= 0.228, p= 5%), number of birds (γ7= 0.575, p= 5%), cost of feed (γ8= -1.022, p= 1%), cost of water (γ9= -1.277, p= 1%), cost of drugs (γ10= -1.640, p= 5%) and cost of chick (γ11= -7.104, p= 1%). Young people should be encouraged to be involved in production of broiler, since agriculture has aging population and help in employment creation. Farmers should maintain a low number of households so as to increase their profit. The farmers should have some forms of education on the production of broilers so as to enhance their profit.

scholarly journals A Study To Assess The Knowledge And Practice of Foot Care Among Diabetic Clients Attending Diabetic OPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3922-3926
Author(s):  
Diabetic clients ◽  
Thamupriyadharshini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Diabetic foot is one of the most common and distressing complication of diabetes resulting to major physical limitation, psychological and fiscal significances for the patient and their families. Great information and skill on regards to diabetic foot care will lessen the danger of diabetic foot difficulties and that will diminish the odds of removal of the limb. A descriptive study was adopted for assessing the level of knowledge and practice of Foot care among diabetic clients. A total of100 diabetic clients were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were gathered utilizing self-structured questionnaire by a structured interview method. The outcomes portray that majority of the diabetic clients, 61% had inadequate knowledge, 28% had moderate knowledge and only 11% of the diabetic clients had average knowledge. The examination also uncovers that 23% of the diabetic clients had good practice and 77% had poor practice. The mean knowledge and practice score were 5.82 ± 2.53& 6.97±1.18 respectively. There is the strong connection (r= 0.698, p=0.0001) between Knowledge and Practice. There is statistically significant association of demographic variables noted with the knowledge and practice of foot care between age, Gender, Educational Status, Occupation, Duration of Diabetes, Current Diabetes Treatment, Presence of Co morbid (P values<0.001).

scholarly journals A sociolinguistic analysis of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours in Kisubi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Ibrahim D. Rwakakindo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Authentic Data

This paper analyses the greeting system of Kisubi. It specifically seeks: to identify temporal greeting patterns in Kisubi; to determine whether age and gender do dictate the kind of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; to examine different kinship-specific verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; and lastly, to assess the role of context in the Kisubi greeting system. Observation and face-to-face interview methods were used to gather data from 36 participants who were obtained using snowball sampling technique, and afterwards they were stratified into different strata depending on age, gender and educational status of a person. This stratification led to the attainment of authentic data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis from which different themes emerged. It was established that there are four temporal chunks in Kisubi, each of which is associated with its own greeting term. Age, gender, context and kinship relations also determine the type of greeting terms and the honorifics or deferential terms to use. However, the use of honorifics and/or deferential terms is declining gradually.

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