An Assessment of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Mangrove Soils that Support Nypa fruticans and Other Mangrove Species Establishment in the Cameroon Estuary

Invasion of Nypa palm into mangroves is a problem in the Cameroon Estuary. Soil variability is one of the dominant features that support Nypa palm establishment. The objective was to characterize the soil under the different mangrove stands; Purely Nypa palm stands (A), mixed stands i.e Nypa palm and other mangrove species (B) and other mangrove species i.e Nypa palm free (C), determine the principal soil characteristic critical for Nypa spread. 9 plots of 20 x 20 m were laid in each of the sites. 27 soil samples were collected in the North, West, South East and Center at a depth of 30 cm in these three sites using a soil auger. The results in the three sites indicated that; soils were acidic (3.87- 4.39), pH values did not significantly differ (alpha >0.05), organic matter was low in A (12.32%) and B (16.35%).Soil Organic Carbon ranged from (4.52 to 7.06%). High percentage of organic carbon content was recorded in C (7.06%). Low percentage of organic carbon was found in A (4.52%). Total nitrogen varied from 1.04 g/kg, 1.70g/kg, 1.80 g/kg in sites C, A and B. In all the mangrove stands, the values of Exchangeable Ca content were below 4.0 cmolkg-1. Soil texture in the three sites were; sandy, clay and silt. Power test showed no significant different in soil types between the three sites (p>0.05). According to the component matrix the factor is positively loaded by soil EC, moisture content, organic matter, organic carbon, N, C/N, CEC, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Clay, Silt, and negatively loaded by the percent sand. This study therefore, suggests that since soil plays key role in Nypa palm establishment, there should be constant monitoring of soil quality to forestall drastic changes that will jeopardize the survival of the mangroves. Nypa palm seedlings should also be physically removed from mangrove forest to prevent colonization. In addition, more mangrove seeds should be planted in deforested mangrove areas to close the window of opportunity for the palms.

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Impact of soil use on aggregate stability and its relationship with soil organic carbon at two different altitudes in the Colombian Andes

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n3.77601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno ◽

Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Mineral Particle ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Rice Soils ◽

Organic Matter Pool ◽

Different Altitudes

The stability of soil aggregates depends on the organic matter, and the soil use and management can affect the soil organicmatter (SOM) content. Therefore, it is necessary to know therelationship between aggregate stability and the content of SOMin different types of soil use at two different altitudes of theColombian Andes. This study examined the conditions of soilaggregate stability expressed as a distribution of the size classes of stable aggregates (SA) and of the mean weighted diameter of the stable aggregates (MWD). To correlate these characteristics with the soil organic carbon (OC), we measured the particulate organic matter pool (POC), the OC associated with the mineral organic matter pool (HOC), the total organic carbon content (TOC), and the humification rate (HR). Soils were sampled at two altitudes: 1) Humic Dystrudepts in a cold tropical climate (CC) with three plots: tropical mountain rainforest, pastures, and crops; 2) Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts in a warm tropical climate (WC) with three plots: tropical rainforest, an association of oil palm and pastures, and irrigated rice. Soils were sampled at three depths: 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The physical properties, mineral particle size distribution, and bulk density were measured. The content of SA with size>2.36 mm was higher in the CC soil (51.48%) than in the WC soil (9.23%). The SA with size 1.18-2.36 mm was also higher in the CC soil (7.78%) than in the WC soil (0.62%). The SA with size 0.60-1.18 mm resulted indifferent. The SA with size between 0.30 and 0.60 mm were higher in the WC soil (13.95%) than in the CC soil (4.67%). The SA<0.30 mm was higher in the WC soil (72.56%) than in the CC soil (32.15%). It was observed that MWD and the SA>2.36 mm increased linearly with a higher POC, but decreased linearly with a higher HR. For the SA<0.30 mm, a linear decrease was observed at a higher POC, while it increased at a higher HR.

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Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2249

Author(s):

Nikolett Uzinger ◽

Orsolya Szécsy ◽

Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽

István Padra ◽

Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Test Plant ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Short Term ◽

Mineral N ◽

Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

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Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7451

Author(s):

Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽

Karol Kotwica ◽

Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Tillage System ◽

Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

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SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MIOCENE DEPOSITS IN MOSCHOPOTAMOS AREA, IN THE WESTERN PART OF AXIOS-THERMAIKOS BASIN, NW GREECE

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.11738 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 374

Author(s):

V. Savva ◽

P. Tserolas ◽

A. Maravelis ◽

N. Bourli ◽

A. Zelilidis

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Content ◽

Sieve Analysis ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Geochemical Analysis ◽

Aegean Area ◽

Sedimentary Characteristics ◽

The North ◽

Caco3 Content ◽

North Aegean

A total of 27 samples of the Moschopotamos area lignite-bearing strata were studied in regard of their geochemical and sedimentary characteristics. Organic content and calcium carbonate evaluation, sieve analysis and micropaleontological observations were used and combined to investigate the paleoenvironment and the depositional conditions of the study area. TOC analysis showed that organic matter values range from 0.07% up to 13.42% with an average of ~3.26 %. The high average of organic carbon content indicates a promising basis for the sediments’ source rock potential, inquiring further and thorough examination. CaCO3 measurements present a range between 4% and 23%. A comparison between TOC-CaCO3 content throughout the stratigraphic column presented certain synchronous and inverse trends, due to alterations of the depositional conditions. This study provides new insights for the understanding of the broader Axios-Thermaikos basin, and depositional conditions in the North Aegean area.

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Characterization of organic matter from a stratigraphic sequence intercepted by the Nemo-1X well, Mozambique: Potential for hydrocarbon generation

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598717753920 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 1157-1171

Author(s):

Agostinho Mussa ◽

Deolinda Flores ◽

Joana Ribeiro ◽

Ana MP Mizusaki ◽

Mónica Chamussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Published Data ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Hydrocarbon Generation ◽

Offshore Area ◽

Type Iii ◽

Kerogen Type

The Mozambique Basin, which occurs onshore and offshore in the central and southern parts of Mozambique, contains a thick sequence of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that range in age from the Jurassic to Cenozoic. This basin, along with the Rovuma basin to the north, has been the main target for hydrocarbon exploration; however, published data on hydrocarbon occurrences do not exist. In this context, the present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the nature of the organic matter of a sedimentary sequence intercepted by the Nemo-1X exploration well located in the offshore area of the Mozambique Basin. The well reached a depth of 4127 m, and 33 samples were collected from a depth of 2219–3676 m ranging in age from early to Late Cretaceous. In this study, petrographic and geochemical analytical methods were applied to assess the level of vitrinite reflectance and the organic matter type as well as the total organic carbon, total sulfur, and CaCO3 contents. The results show that the total organic carbon content ranges from 0.41 to 1.34 wt%, with the highest values determined in the samples from the Lower Domo Shale and Sena Formations, which may be related to the presence of the solid bitumens that occur in the carbonate fraction of those samples. The vitrinite random reflectances range from 0.65 to 0.86%Rrandom, suggesting that the organic matter in all of the samples is in the peak phase of the “oil generation window” (0.65–0.9%Rrandom). The organic matter is mainly composed of vitrinite and inertinite macerals, with a minor contribution of sporinite from the liptinite group, which is typical of kerogen type III. Although all of the samples have vitrinite reflectances corresponding to the oil window, the formation of liquid hydrocarbons is rather limited because the organic matter is dominated by gas-prone kerogen type III.

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Sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.307 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 1234-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Wada ◽

N. Takei ◽

T. Sato ◽

H. Tsuno

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Road Dust ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Water Mixture ◽

First Flush ◽

The Road ◽

Organic Carbon Concentration

This study aims to explore the influential sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways by comparing organic carbon content and particle size distribution in road dust with those from discharge from vehicles during rainfall. Samples on first flush runoff and road dust were collected from urban roadways. In addition, vehicle drainage was assumed to flow from vehicles during rainfall events, so vehicle wash-off water was collected by spraying water onto the top and from the underside of vehicles to simulate accumulation during a vehicle run. In road dust, the organic carbon content in the <0.2 mm fraction was about twice that of the 0.2–2 mm fraction. The particle size distributions of both first flush runoff and vehicle wash-off water were similar, and particles <0.2 mm contributed to over 95% of the total volume. The dissolved organic carbon concentration in the vehicle wash-off water was considerably higher than that in the road dust/water mixture. The total organic carbon content in road dust was positively correlated with annual daily traffic. Therefore, vehicles were thought to strongly influence the nature of road dust.

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The nutrient status and cultivation practices of the soils of the North-West wheat belt of NSW.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9540422 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 422 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

EG Hallsworth ◽

FR Gibbons ◽

TH Lemerle

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

New South ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

North West ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

The North ◽

South Wales ◽

Cultivation Practices ◽

North Western ◽

Available Phosphate

A study has been made of the nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphate, and pH levels of the wheat soils of north-western New South Wales, and the cultivation practices adopted. They are found generally to be high in both total and available phosphate, and particularly high figures for available phosphate, over 1000 p.p.m., were found in limited areas. The nitrogen levels of the virgin chernozemic soils are distinctly higher than those of the red-brown earths and red solodic soils, but soils of all groups show a decline with cultivation, which is most rapid in the first 10 years. The introduction of periods under lucerne raises the nitrogen level, but the wheat/grazed fallow or wheat/grazing oats appear to cause the same nitrogen losses as are encountered under continuous wheat, in spite of the prevalence of stubble burning which inevitably accompanies this practice. The average yields of wheat on the chernozemic soils are distinctly higher than those obtained on the red-brown earths and red solodic soils, on some of which nitrogen appears to be limiting.

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Analysis of Fracturing Ability Factors of Tight Reservoir

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016501004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 01004

Author(s):

Zhenhua Li ◽

Ke Gai ◽

Feng Cao

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Sedimentary Environment ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Natural Fracture ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Tight Reservoir

Fracturing ability is the characteristic used to measure whether the tight reservoir could be effectively fractured and form network in the process of hydraulic fracturing in order to improve the production of oil and gas. Research shows that the more brittle the reservoir is, the weaker the fracture toughness is, the more developed the natural fracture is, the higher the maturity of organic matter is, the lower the organic carbon content is, and the better the fracturing ability is. In addition, factors such as crustal stress, sedimentary environment and internal structure of the reservoir also affect the fracturing ability. The analysis of reservoir fracturing ability plays a key role in the strata selection, multi-stage fracturing design and prediction of oilfield economic benefits.

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Understanding Effects of OAE 2 in the Marginal-marine Environment: A Multi-proxy approach from Bagh Beds, Western India

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-964 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bikash Ranjan Sahu ◽

Sohom Roy ◽

Prasanta Sanyal

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Western India ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Terrestrial Environment ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Carbon Reservoir

The Cenomanian-Turonian (C/T) Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) at ~94 million years ago was characterized by severe depletion in marine water oxygen levels and extreme perturbations in the carbon cycle at a global scale that lasted for 5 to 6-million years. However, wealth of the data comes mainly from deep marine records, hugely limiting our understanding on the contemporaneous terrestrial environmental conditions. Here, we present major and trace element concentrations, carbon isotope composition of carbonates (&#948;13Ccarb) and organic matter (&#948;13Cbulk), organic carbon content (TOC), and biomarker composition from a ~20 m thick well-preserved shallow marine sequence from the Bagh Beds in Uchad, western India in order to investigate the nutrient dynamics, productivity variations and carbon reservoir perturbations in shallow marine as well as in terrestrial environment. Based on litho-stratigraphy, the Uchad section is divided into Lower Cenomanian, Turonian and Upper Coniacian units. A total of ~5&#8240; increase in the &#948;13Ccarb and 0.07% in TOC values and a sharp 1.7&#8240; decrease in the &#948;13Cbulk values in Lower Cenomanian suggest large changes in organic carbon recycling before the advent of OAE 2. Higher terrigenous influx and micro-nutrient supply in the lower parts is also suggested from relatively higher concentrations of Al, Ti, Th, Fe, Zn, Ni and K, although their concentrations decrease rapidly above the C/T boundary. Significant correlation observed between &#948;13Cbulk and &#948;13Ccarb (r=0.51, p=0.03) supports an authigenic organic matter production in the shallow marine environment. However, minor enrichments in redox-sensitive elements like Mo, V and U observed above the C/T boundary probably suggest that the shallow marine region was relatively less affected during the initial anoxic phases. Lack of correlation between redox-sensitive elements and Al or Ti concentrations (r <0.12) suggest that there is minimal influence of detrital supply on recycling of U, V and Mo. Interestingly, Lower Turonian units show large positive excursions in redox-sensitive elements as well as increases in U/Th, Ni/Co and V/(V+Ni) values, which are succeeded by a major decrease in &#948;13Ccarb values (7.6&#8240;) and increase in the TOC values by 0.15%, thereby suggesting occurrence of a more expanded episode of anoxia in Lower Turonian that perturbed the shallow marine carbon reservoir. Ba/Al ratios are variable throughout the section, although large positive spikes preceding and succeeding the anoxic phases suggest a causal link between organic matter productivity and anoxia.

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Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000200012 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 187-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽

Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽

Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽

Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽

Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Matter Content ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Muffle Furnace ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

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