scholarly journals Impacts of Urban Expansion on Welfare of Expropriated Peri-Urban Communities of Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Sara Shikur ◽  
Jema Haji ◽  
Tekle Leza
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Interview Schedule

As demand for land increased over time, urban centers have been physically expanding their boundaries to surrounding rural and peri-urban areas by including additional land where people did base their lives in agriculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of urban expansion on welfare of expropriated peri-urban communities of Hossana town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia by using propensity score matching method. Household survey research design with semi-structured interview schedule for a sample of 369 households (clustered in to 148 expropriated and 221 non-expropriated) was conducted. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. In addition to household interview schedule; focus group discussion, key informant interview, transect walk, case story and personal observation were used as data collection tools. After propensity score matching, the per capita income of non-expropriated households is significantly greater than expropriated households. Therefore, urban expansion has significant impact on welfare of expropriated peri-urban local communities. Hence, it was suggested that rehabilitation programs should be developed to support the expropriated households to enable them appropriately use their cash compensation and remaining asset and prepare them for the new environment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajvir Kaur ◽  
Vijay Lakshami Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of enormous disability in both the developed and developing world. The worldwide prevalence estimate for symptomatic OA is 9.6% among men and 18% among women. The present study was undertaken with the objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur and to elucidate the correlates of KOA in women of rural and urban Hoshiarpur. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of district Hoshiarpur, Punjab (India) between August 2012-May 2013. The sample comprised of urban (200) and rural (200) females. A semi structured interview schedule was used to interview the study subjects. The prevalence was found to be high in urban area (21.5%). The prevalence of KOA was found to be increased with age and was also significantly associated with educational level and menopause. How to cite this article Kaur R, Sharma VL, Singh A. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab). J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(1):32-36.

scholarly journals Patterns in Elderly Care: A study Conducted in Kedah

2018 ◽  
pp. 729-734
Author(s):  
Md Zawawi Abu Bakar ◽  
Nur Syakiran Akmal Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Village

Malaysia is estimated to become an “aging society” country by 2030 due to the increase in the number of senior citizens in the country. This is expected to lead to issues relevant to the welfare of the elderly when there is an outflow of guardians to the urban cities. Thus, this study was conducted to explain the pattern of caring for the elderly among their guardians. This qualitative study was conducted in Yan, Kedah, involving 26 respondents among the elderly. Face-to-face interviews have been conducted by researchers using semi-structured interview forms related to demographics and elderly care patterns. Moreover, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) has also been conducted with the subjects to find out more about the issues being studied. The data obtained has been analyzed descriptively and thematically to answer the research questions. The results showed that there has been migrations of the elderly’s guardians from rural areas to urban areas. Most respondents live with their spouse or alone in the village because of their guardian’s job commitments. The results also demonstrated that respondents chose to live in their own homes rather than their children’s homes. The study also suggested that authorities need to provide social support for the elderly who live in rural areas, especially to care for the welfare of these groups.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Taiwan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Shu-Yu Tai ◽  
Jiun-Shiuan He ◽  
Chun-Tung Kuo ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
Urban Rural

Although a disparity has been noted in the prevalence and outcome of chronic disease between rural and urban areas, studies about diabetes-related complications are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between urbanization and occurrence of diabetes-related complications using Taiwan’s nationwide diabetic mellitus database. In total, 380,474 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2008 were included and followed up until 2013 or death; after propensity score matching, 31,310 pairs were included for analysis. Occurrences of seven diabetes-related complications of interest were identified. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the time-to-event hazard ratio (HR) among urban, suburban and rural groups. We found that the HRs of all cardiovascular events during the five-year follow-up was 1.04 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.07) and 1.15 times (95% CI 1.12–1.19) higher in suburban and rural areas than in urban areas. Patients in suburban and rural areas had a greater likelihood of congestive heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease than those in urban areas. Moreover, patients in rural areas had a higher likelihood of ischemic heart disease, blindness, and ulcer than those in urban areas. Our empirical findings provide evidence for potential urban–rural disparities in diabetes-related complications in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Conditional Cash Transfers and Nutrition: An Evaluation of the Bolsa Familia Program in rural and urban areas of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Valdemar Rodrigues de Pinho Neto ◽  
Cecilia Machado Berriel
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Este trabalho investiga o efeito do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) sobre o estado nutricional das crianças e adolescentes beneficiadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF- 2008/2009), conjuntamente com o método Propensity Score Matching. A caracterização nutricional foi realizada com base em recentes recomenda- ções da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A amostra estudada inclui crianças e adolescentes menores de 19 anos de idade, permitindo-se efeitos heterogêneos do programa entre as áreas urbanas e rurais do país. Os resultados indicam que o PBF melhorou os indicadores nutricionais daqueles que pertenciam ao grupo de tratamento. Além da transferência de renda, acredita-se que as condicionalidades nas áreas da saúde e educação possam explicar parte desse resultado.

Women, and Land and Property Rights in Benin City, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaina Yesufu ◽  
Thobeka S. Nkomo
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Housing Rights

The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions states that women’s rights to land and property are systematically denied, and that over one billion women worldwide have been affected by this trend. In Nigeria, although the constitution prohibits all forms of discrimination against women, land and property rights are still determined by the principle of male primogeniture. This paper discusses the consequences of gender discrimination on women and their households in relation to land and property rights. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study. Twenty women who constituted the sample participated in the semi-structured interviews. For the focus groups discussion, the researcher selected 10 of these participants, who were divided into two focus groups. The research tools were a semi-structured interview schedule and a focus group discussion guide. The researcher analysed the data generated using thematic content analysis. The prominent findings of this paper are that housing and food insecurity, the lack of access to matrimonial property, disinheritance, and poverty are among the consequences of gender discrimination on women and their households in relation to land and property rights.

scholarly journals Contribution of Petty Trade on Household Income and Poverty Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Sita Kumari Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Interview Schedule

The study aims to explore the contribution of petty trade on household income and poverty reduction. For this purpose, forty respondents engaged in petty trade were selected in Dharan city in different petty markets like Chhata Chowk, Vanu Chowk and Purano Bazar in Dharan city. The required information was collected through the interview by using a structured interview schedule, observation, and focused group discussion. This study employed both judgmental sampling to obtain the sample. The program used in data analysis is the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program to obtain frequencies in table and figure and ANOVA and correlation for the hypothetical test. Descriptive statistics is carried out to analyze the contribution of petty trade on household income and poverty reduction. The researcher has analyzed age, gender, religion, came from education level, marital status, types of commodity, types of consumer, attitude of consumer, attitude of society, sources of commodity, amount of investment, improvement in economic condition, payment of tax, amount of tax, office to be paid tax, fulfillment of needs, reduction of poverty and portion of household income of respondents. According to respondents, petty trade is their main source of income. Hence, it has brought a qualitative change in household income and poverty reduction of respondents.

scholarly journals Rehabilitating benefits and its sustainability of a degraded semi-arid Rangeland in Yabello Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeneayehu Fenetahun ◽  
Xu Xinwen ◽  
Wang Yong-dong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Rangeland Restoration ◽  
Enclosure Method

Rehabilitating the degraded rangeland in Ethiopia is very crucial issue for improving the livelihood of pastoralist life style and the environmental sustainability of the country. In Yabello rangeland area the local communities used enclosure method in order to rehabilitate the degraded rangeland area and try to address their livelihood problems. In general the current study tried to assess the benefits obtained from the rehabilitated rangeland area from the three study site chosen through purposively techniques based on the information gathered from different aspect. Semi- structured interview, Focal group discussion was held with key informants and different stakeholders at each kebele level have been conducted to gather information from the total of 150 respondents (50 from each kebele) and analyzed both in qualitative and quantitative approaches. The result showed that the rehabilitated rangeland area mainly used to get both numerical and non-numerical benefits like livestock fattening, grazing purpose, wood cutting and charcoal production and among this livestock fatting is the major source of income across the whole study site and Dida Tuyura (A1) is the most productive site among the rest. From this we recommend that there is a need to enhance market linkages for restored rangeland products that would then drive the adoption of rangeland restoration initiatives and those helps for sustainable utilization of the rehabilitated.

scholarly journals Urban Expansion and Its Impact on the Livelihood of Peripheral Farming Communities: The Case of Assosa Town, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tadele Tesfaye Labiso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Expansion Pattern ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
The Impact

Assosa town’s expansion program which had been experiencing a horizontal expansion starting from its historical expansion pattern currently implemented via expropriating peripheral land holders of earlier rural dwellers by solely decision of town administration and the investigation randomly targeted to per-urban areas from four peripheral kebeles surrounding of town. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess Urban Expansion and its Impact on Peripheral Farming Communities: The Case of Assosa town, BGR, Ethiopia Thus the study investigated the impact of urban expansion on the peripheral community livelihood in case of Assosa town. Questionnaire, survey, focus group discussion and key informants interviews were tools of data collection from 160 sampled households living in sampled kebeles via systematic random sampling technique and judgmental technique for FGD and interview. The results of the study indicated that there is infrastructural improvement, socio economic growth, rapid population growth and also socio-economic problems related to urban expansion in studied area. There is great spatial and temporal land use land cover modification more towards to build up land uses. The livelihood condition of per-urban community changed to non-agricultural form but there are policy and strategy gaps of expropriating, compensating for affected community in ground implementation. Landholder expropriated should be recompensed for equal socio-economic beneficially from urbanization and further skill-oriented training for new livelihood strategy and also accessing credit and rehabilitating strategy were recommended for affected community livelihood.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Spatial Propensity Score Matching Evaluation of the Regional Impact of Micro-finance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Rolando Gonzales ◽  
Patricia Aranda ◽  
Joel Mendizabal
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Regional Impact ◽  
Matching Estimator ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
The Impact

A Bayesian Spatial-Propensity Score Matching estimator is proposed to measure the regional impact of microfinance on poverty reduction and women's empowerment. The impact of microfinance in Bolivia was tested with this estimator, using census and household survey data. The results suggest that microfinance was useful for poverty reduction and women’s empowerment at municipality level in Bolivia.

Influence of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Economy of Tokumbo Vehicles Trade in Borno State: Implications for Counselling

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Dahiru Idriss ◽  
Ngohi Bukar Umar
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Personal Savings ◽  
The University ◽  
Frequency Counts ◽  
Sources Of Capital

Abstract The study was an opinion survey that investigated the influence of covid-19 pandemic on the economy of Tokumbo vehicles trade in Borno State, Nigeria. Population of the study comprised of all fairly used secondhand car dealers in the State. However, 150 Tokumbo car dealers constituted the sample. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used in selecting sample. Researchers designed 18 items Structured Interview Schedule (SIS) tagged “Car Dealers Interview Schedule (CDIS)” and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were the instruments used to elicit data for the study. The CDIS was divided into two parts (A & B). Part A collected information on demographic characteristics of the respondents while Part B elicited data on sources of capital for the Tokumbo dealers, brand of Tokumbo vehicles and the influence of covid-19 pandemic on Tokumbo trade in Borno State, Nigeria. The CDIS was validated by three experts in the field of Business Administration of the University of Maiduguri, Borno State and a coefficient of 0.74 was obtained using Cronbach alpha reliability method for the internal consistency which was considered relevant and adequate for the study.  Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and bar graph were used in analyzing data collected for the study. Three objectives and three research questions piloted the study.  Results of the study revealed loan and personal savings as some of the sources of capital for dealers in Tokumbo vehicles in Borno State. Toyota, Volkswagen, Honda, Mercedes Benz and Peugeot were some of the brands of Tokumbo cars in the study area while rent, loan repayment and gross reduction in sales were some of the effects of covid-19 pandemic on the trade in Tokumbo vehicles in Borno State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, implications for counselling, conclusions and recommendations were made.

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