scholarly journals Identification and Typing of Canine Parvovirus Using Molecular Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Koppu Vasavi ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
P. N. Dwivedi ◽  
Navjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Percent Positivity ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Antigenic Type

Aim: Canine parvovirus 2, the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, is one of the most important pathogenic viruses. It causes a highly contagious and often fatal disease. The disease condition is complicated further due to emergence of a number of variants namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b, CPV-2c, new CPV 2a, new CPV 2b over the years and involvement of domestic and wild canines. The virus is shed in large numbers in the feces of infected dog and upto 7 to 10 days post-infection, therefore, the present study was designed to detect CPV and to identify the prevailing antigenic types of CPV using molecular techniques from rectal swabs of affected dogs. Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from dogs suspected of Canine Parvovirus and subjected to PCR, Nested PCR and Realtime PCR for identification and typing of CPV in infected dogs. Results: From the study it was found that the per cent positivity was high in dogs and was found to be 50% and 89% by PCR and nested polymerase reaction respectively when considered in suspected dogs. The most prevailing antigenic type as detected by Real time PCR was found to be CPV 2a. Conclusions: The study indicated the animals vaccinated for CPV were also found positive for the disease. This study helps to detect percent positivity of CPV in dogs and also is important to identify the prevailing antigenic types of CPV in the region.

Predominance of canine parvovirus type 2b in dogs of Ulaanbaatar City

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Sh Tumenjargal ◽  
Ts Ariunaa ◽  
L Ganbayar ◽  
G Otgontuya ◽  
B Chimedtseren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Primer Sets

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes fatal disease acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. The aim of this work is to detect canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral DNA was isolated from faecel samples of 36 puppies with suspicious symptoms for parvovirus infection and used as template in standard PCR. 23 samples wereof CPV-2b serotype, 9 samples of CPV-2a serotype but 4 samples were neither 2b and nor 2a. We used two different primer sets, one specific both serotypes CPV-2a and CPV-2b and one specific only for CPV-2b. This allowed us to differentiate serotypes from each other. The further extension of this work will be essential for the epidemiology, viral evolution and phylogenetic studies of the mongolian domestic canine, cats and wild carnivores.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 71-74

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular characterization of canine parvovirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
Parikshit Singh ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
P. N. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Percent Positivity ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Antigenic Type

Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus (CPV) belonging to family Parvoviridae causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs and heavy mortality in young dogs. The virus has three structural (VP1, VP2 and VP3) and two non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2), VP2 being highly immunogenic. This study aims to study molecular epidemiology of CPV by sequence analysis of VP2 gene to determine the prevailing antigenic type(s) in the northern regions of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 rectal swabs collected from dogs exhibiting clinical signs of CPV infection were processed for the isolation of DNA and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR (NPCR). A total of 13 NPCR products selected randomly were subjected to sequence analysis of VP2 gene. Results: The percent positivity of CPV was found 28% and 70% by PCR and NPCR, respectively. Dogs with vaccination history against CPV too were found positive with a percent positivity of 24.10%. Gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene from these isolates revealed that most samples formed a clade with CPV-2a isolates. Conclusion: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene in the studied regions of northern India revealed that CPV-2a was the most prevalent antigenic type.

scholarly journals Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Baghdad city by PCR technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of dogs, causingacute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. In this study different mutant strains of the viruswere characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The fecal samples from infected dogssuspected for CPV2 infection were collected in a suitable medium. The viral DNA from fecalsamples was extracted using specific kits, PCR were carried out with five different primer,pCPV-2ab and pCPV-2b, to distinguish the strain prevalent in field condition. The primerpCPV-2ab recognized both variant CPV-2a and CPV-2b, whereas the primer pCPV-2brecognized only the variant CPV-2b, using the third primer pCPV to recognize the residualbase pair, enabling the differentiation of CPV-2a variant from CPV-2b in field isolates. Thedifferent PCR products were further analyzed by using gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia S. Fontana ◽  
Paulo Ricardo D. Rocha ◽  
Raquel A.S. Cruz ◽  
Letícya L. Lopes ◽  
Andréia L.T. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Representative Samples

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

scholarly journals Prevalence of canine Parvo virus infection in street dogs using rapid antigen detection Kit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Faizul Wasima Nahat ◽  
Md Siddiqur Rahman ◽  
Roma Rani Sarker ◽  
Md Kumrul Hassan ◽  
AKM Zeaul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Chisquare Test

Canine parvovirus is one of the most common infectious diseases of dogs. A study was carried out to diagnose the infection of canine parvovirus in street dogs from different places of Mymensingh Town. Rectal samples were collected from January to April, 2015. A total of 114 rectal swabs were collected conveniently from street dogs of Mymensingh. The samples were diagnosed using RapiGEN Canine Parvo Virus Ag Test Kit. The association of CPV infection with demographic variables was assessed by Chisquare test. The overall prevalence of CPV was 32.0% in dogs. The prevalence of parvovirus infection was found to be significantly higher in puppies and 6 months of age (58.3%) than those >24 months of age (p=0.005). The prevalence of canine parvovirus infection also varied significantly in different study area (p=0.003). The prevalence of canine parvovirus infection was higher in male (34.4%) than that in female (30.2%) but it was not statistically significant.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 459-464, December 2015

scholarly journals The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10872
Author(s):  
Kazuma Yagi ◽  
Gary B. Huffnagle ◽  
Nicholas W. Lukacs ◽  
Nobuhiro Asai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Healthy human lungs have traditionally been considered to be a sterile organ. However, culture-independent molecular techniques have reported that large numbers of microbes coexist in the lung and airways. The lungs harbor diverse microbial composition that are undetected by previous approaches. Many studies have found significant differences in microbial composition between during health and respiratory disease. The lung microbiome is likely to not only influence susceptibility or causes of diseases but be affected by disease activities or responses to treatment. Although lung microbiome research has some limitations from study design to reporting, it can add further dimensionality to host-microbe interactions. Moreover, there is a possibility that extending understanding to the lung microbiome with new multiple omics approaches would be useful for developing both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for respiratory diseases in clinical settings.

First characterization of a canine parvovirus causing fatal disease in coatis (Nasua nasua)

2019 ◽  
Vol 164 (12) ◽  
pp. 3073-3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bucafusco ◽  
Hernán Argibay ◽  
Leandro Diaz ◽  
Celina Vega ◽  
Leonardo Minatel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Nasua Nasua

scholarly journals Hlaallele Detection Using Molecular Techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Dyer ◽  
Damini Jawaheeri ◽  
Bill Allier ◽  
Kay Poulton ◽  
Paul Sinnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Heteroduplex Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Precise Role

There are now many molecular biological techniques available to define HLA class I and class II alleles. Some of these are also applicable to other human polymorphic genes, in particular to those non-HLA genes encoded within the Mhc. The range of techniques available allows laboratories to choose those most suited to their purpose. The routine laboratory supporting solid organ transplants will need to type large numbers of potential recipients over a period of time, probably using PCR-SSOP while donors will be typed singly and rapidly using PCR-SSP with HLA allele compatibility determined by heteroduplex analysis. Laboratories supporting bone marrow transplantation, where time is less pressing, can choose from the whole range of techniques to determine accurately donor recipient Mhc compatibility. For disease studies, techniques defining precise HLA allele sequence polymorphisms are needed and high sample numbers have to be accommodated. When an association is established allele sequencing has to be used. In the near future, the precise role of HLA alleles in transplantation and disease susceptibility is likely to be established unambiguously.

scholarly journals Simple Tests for Rapid Detection of Canine Parvovirus Antigen and Canine Parvovirus-Specific Antibodies

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidhara Y. Marulappa ◽  
Sanjay Kapil
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Specific Cost ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Special Instrumentation

ABSTRACT Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the number one viral cause of enteritis, morbidity, and mortality in 8-week-old young puppies. We have developed twin assays (slide agglutination test [SAT] for CPV antigen and slide inhibition test [SIT] for CPV antibody) that are sensitive, specific, cost-effective, generic for all genotypes of CPV, and provide instant results for CPV antigen detection in feces and antibody quantification in serum. We found these assays to be useful for routine applications in kennels with large numbers of puppies at risk. The results of these assays are available in 1 min and do not require any special instrumentation. SAT-SIT technology will find applications in rapid screening of samples for other hemagglutinating emerging viruses of animals and humans (influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus).

scholarly journals Microsporidian Species Known To Infect Humans Are Present in Aquatic Birds: Implications for Transmission via Water?

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4540-4544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Slodkowicz-Kowalska ◽  
Thaddeus K. Graczyk ◽  
Leena Tamang ◽  
Szymon Jedrzejewski ◽  
Andrzej Nowosad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACT Human microsporidiosis, a serious disease of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed people, can be due to zoonotic and environmental transmission of microsporidian spores. A survey utilizing conventional and molecular techniques for examining feces from 570 free-ranging, captive, and livestock birds demonstrated that 21 animals shed microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans, including Encephalitozoon hellem (20 birds; 3.5%) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (1 bird; 0.2%). Of 11 avian species that shed E. hellem and E. intestinalis, 8 were aquatic birds (i.e., common waterfowl). The prevalence of microsporidian infections in waterfowl (8.6%) was significantly higher than the prevalence of microsporidian infections in other birds (1.1%) (P < 0.03); waterfowl fecal droppings contained significantly more spores (mean, 3.6 × 105 spores/g) than nonaquatic bird droppings contained (mean, 4.4 × 104 spores/g) (P < 0.003); and the presence of microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans in fecal samples was statistically associated with the aquatic status of the avian host (P < 0.001). We demonstrated that a single visit of a waterfowl flock can introduce into the surface water approximately 9.1 × 108 microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans. Our findings demonstrate that waterborne microsporidian spores of species that infect people can originate from common waterfowl, which usually occur in large numbers and have unlimited access to surface waters, including waters used for production of drinking water.

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