scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Bee Venom

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rezzan Aliyazicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Bee venom (BV) has a long history of use in Korea for the relief of pain symptoms and for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. There is some evidence for the underlying mechanisms involved in the venom’s anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Recent clinical and experimental reearch has confirmed that the venom and its active components can be applied to a broad spectrum of immunological and neurodegenerative diseases, including autoimmune diseases and Parkinson’s disease. BV has been shown to exhibit these effects by modulating immune cells in the periphery, together with glial cells and neurons in the central nervous system. This review sets out the latest scientific evidence concerning the therapeutic effects of BV and various components thereof in the context of a number of diseases, and provides a detailed description of the mechanisms.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Elucidation of the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Bupleuri and Scutellariae Radix Using System Pharmacological Analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Shen ◽  
Zhenyu Zhao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Zihu Guo ◽  
Benxiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Scutellariae Radix ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

Objective. This study was aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the combined application of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix and explored the potential therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs on inflammation-related diseases. Methods. After searching the databases, we collected the active ingredients of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix and calculated their oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) based on the absorption-distribution-metabolism-elimination (ADME) model. In addition, we predicted the drug targets of the selected active components based on weighted ensemble similarity (WES) and used them to construct a drug-target network. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG mapper tools were performed on these predicted target genes. Results. We obtained 30 compounds from Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix of good quality as indicated by ADME assays, which possess potential pharmacological activity. These 30 ingredients have a total of 121 potential target genes, which are involved in 24 biological processes related to inflammation. Conclusions. Combined application of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix was found not only to directly inhibit the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines, but also to have potential therapeutic effects against inflammation-induced pain. In addition, a combination therapy of these two drugs exhibited systemic treatment efficacy and provided a theoretical basis for the development of drugs against inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Effect ofRhizoma coptidis(Huang Lian) on Treating Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Pang ◽  
Xiao-Tong Yu ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Tian-Yu Zhao ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Effective Components

The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue globally; considerable progress has been made in the field of western hypoglycemic drug and insulin, but some shortages still exist. As one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) performs a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the treatment of DM. TCM therapy has certain advantages of less toxicity and/or side effects, and Chinese herbal medicine which usually contains various active ingredients could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Huang Lian (Rhizoma coptidis, RC) is a herb frequently used in many traditional formulas for properties of “clearing damp-heat, quenching fire, and counteracting poison” in Asia for centuries. In this review, we summarize the application ofRCin the treatment of DM from two aspects of contents. Firstly, theoretical principles are explained, including the properties and related records aboutRCin ancient references and modern pharmacological researches and pharmacokinetics onRCand its active components. Secondly, the clinical application ofRCis mainly reviewed, such as applicable stage and syndrome, the reasonable dose range, the preparation formulations, and the toxicity and/or side effects and solutions to its adverse actions. This review provides scientific evidence about the effective components, pharmacological researches, and toxicity ofRC, as well as introducing traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, in order to guide clinician to useRCmore suitably and reasonably in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals A Survey of Therapeutic Effects ofArtemisia capillarisin Liver Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eungyeong Jang ◽  
Bum-Joon Kim ◽  
Kyung-Tae Lee ◽  
Kyung-Soo Inn ◽  
Jang-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Artemisia Capillaris ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Artemisia capillarishas been recognized as an herb with therapeutic efficacy in liver diseases and widely used as an alternative therapy in Asia. Numerous studies have reported the antisteatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antiviral, antifibrotic, and antitumor activities ofA. capillaris. These reports support its therapeutic potential in various liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, several properties of its various constituents, which provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects, have been studied. This review describes the scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential ofA. capillarisand its constituents in various liver diseases.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Diseases Caused by Virus, Especially on Those Caused by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Shuang Hu ◽  
Cheng Qian ◽  
Yan Yao ◽  
Liang-yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fever Response ◽  
Control Activation ◽  
Insight Into

Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes best recognized because of their ability to control activation of caspase-1, which in turn regulates the maturation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β). IL-1β was originally identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inducing local and systemic inflammation as well as a fever response reaction in response to infection or injury. Excessive production of IL-1β is related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are characterized by excessive inflammatory response. For SARS, there is no correlation between viral load and worsening symptoms. However, there is no specific medicine which is available to treat the disease. As an important part of medical practice, TCM showed an obvious therapeutic effect in SARS-CoV-infected patients. In this article, we summarize the current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Herein, we also offer an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of TCM, as well as introduce new naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronavirus activity, in order to provide a new and potential drug development strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Network Pharmacology-based to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Gegen Qinlian Pill to Ameliorate Irinotecan-induced Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihan Wu ◽  
Yanfen Cheng ◽  
Yuhan Yang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sample ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Gut Toxicity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Compound Target

Abstract Background: The application of natural extracts or compounds derived from Chinese medicine is deemed to a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity. Based on the protective activity of Gegen Qinlian decoction in our previous study, we speculated that Gegen Qinlian Pill (GQP) would exhibit similar therapeutic effects. However, the effective material basis and the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of GQP in the treatment of diarrhea induced by CPT-11 have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we primarily investigated amelioration effect of GQP on the CPT-11 induced gut toxicity, and further explore its anti-diarrhea mechanism.Methods: Firstly, the protective effect of GQP towards alleviating diarrhea in mice following CPT-11 administration was investigated. Furthermore, the effective ingredients of GQP in serum sample of mice by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was obtained. Next, based on these active components, an interaction network linking “compound-target-pathway” was established. Finally, a predicted mechanism within vivo validation of GQP based on Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were obtained. Results: A total of 19 chemical compounds derived from the GQP were identified in its serum sample. Then, an interaction network linking “compound-target-pathway” was established to illuminate the interaction between these components absorbed into serum and their targets for diarrhea. GQP exerted a curative effect on diarrhea and diarrhea-related diseases by targeting different targets, regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation processes. Conclusion: Taken together, this study provides a novel and scientific strategy to discover the potential effective constituents of herbs or herbal formula, and elucidated basic pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of GQP in the treatment of CPT-11 induced gut toxicity.

Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Skin Diseases: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (08) ◽  
pp. 1871-1895
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Mu ◽  
Jinrong Guo ◽  
Dongxia Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Mingming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Arnebia Euchroma ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Shikonin is one of the primary active components extracted from the dried root ofZicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Onosma paniculata, or Arnebia euchroma), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Shikonin is known to not only exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities, but also play a crucial role in triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, suppressing the release of exosomes, and inducing apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that shikonin has a protective effect against skin diseases, including psoriasis, melanoma, and hypertrophic scars. In order to evaluate the application potential of shikonin in the treatment of skin diseases, this review is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the uses of shikonin and its derivatives on skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anti-dermatosis effects of shikonin to bridge the gaps in the literature, thereby providing scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from a traditional medicinal plant.

Clinical applications of single photon emission tomography in neuromedicine

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grünwald ◽  
T. Kuwert ◽  
K. Tatsch ◽  
O. Sabri ◽  
O. Benkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dementing Disorders ◽  
Photon Emission Tomography

SummaryThis article gives in his second part a critical review of the clinical applications of SPECT with perfusion markers and receptor ligands in dementing disorders and psychosis. In addition this review discusses clinical applications of SPECT investigations with perfusion markers in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and in brain trauma.

New Amine and Aromatic Substituted Analogues of Phencyclidine: Synthesis and Determination of Acute and Chronic Pain Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Maryam Shokrollahi ◽  
Marjaneh Samadizadeh ◽  
Mohsen Khalili ◽  
Seyed A. Sobhanian ◽  
Abbas Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Piperidine Ring ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Compound Ii ◽  
New Compounds

Background: Phencyclidine (PCP, I) is a synthetic drug with remarkable physiological properties. PCP and its analogues exert many pharmacological activities and interact with some neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system like particular affinity for PCP sites in NMDA receptors or dopamine uptake blocking or even both. Aim and Objective: The following research, methyl group with electron-donating and dipole moment characters was added in different positions of phenyl ring along with the substitution of benzylamine (with many pharmacological effects) instead of piperidine ring of I to produce new compounds (II-V) of this family with more analgesic activities. Materials and Methods: Analgesic activities of these new compounds were measured by tail immersion and formalin tests for acute and chronic pains, respectively. Also, the outcomes were compared with control and PCP (10 mg/kg) groups. Results: The results indicate that compounds III, IV, and V have more acute and chronic antinociceptive effects than PCP and compound II which may be concerned with more antagonizing activities of these new painkillers for the blockage of dopamine reuptake as well as high affinity for NMDA receptors PCP binding site. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the benzylamine derivative of phencyclidine with a methyl group on the benzyl position on phenyl ring (V) is a more appropriate candidate to reduce acute and chronic (thermal and chemical) pains compared to other substituted phenyl analogs (II-IV) and PCP.

Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Harrell ◽  
Marina Gazdic ◽  
Crissy Fellabaum ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Background: Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Objective: In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: “amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-therapy”, “degenerative diseases”, “inflammatory diseases”, “regeneration”, “immunosuppression”. Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. Results: AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Conclusion: Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

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