scholarly journals Impact of Green Manure and Consortium Biofertilizer on Amylolytic Bacterial Population and Their Activities in Maize Rhizospheric Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
S. K. Gosal ◽  
S. S. Walia ◽  
Jupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Microbial population and their activities in soil are important measure of soil biological activities as well as its health. The present study was conducted to access the impact of application of green manure and cellulose degrading bacterial consortium on the soil amylolytic bacterial population and amylase activity in rhizosphere of maize crop in field conditions. Soil amylolytic bacteria and amylase activity exhibited significant changes in response to application of consortium biofertilizer. The highest population of amylolytic bacteria was recorded during vegetative stage of maize crop in treatment T8 with 100%N + green manure+ consortium biofertilizer. Amylolytic population was found to be significantly higher in treatments having inorganic N + consortium biofertilizers as compared to control treatment. Soil amylase activity was significantly influenced by organic manure and vegetative growth stage. Highest amylase activity was recorded in treatment T8, whereas minimum activity was recorded in control (inorganic) treatment. Application of consortium biofertilizers significantly increased the amylase activity over treatments having solitary application of inorganic fertilizers. The results suggested that application of consortium biofertilizers on green manure boosted the colonisation and activities of amylolytic bacteria which directly influenced the available carbon pool as well as soil health.

scholarly journals Vermicompost and cow dung admixture increases rhizosphere bacterial population and promotes rapid physiological maturity in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chatterjeea ◽  
Paramita Mandala ◽  
Sudipto Mandal ◽  
Soumendranath Chatterjeec
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact

Incessant application of chemical fertilizers to the agricultural fields may alter the composition and activities of soil microbiota. Thus, the shift of cultivation practices from chemical to organic is considered to be the need of the hour in order to maintain soil health. A study was conducted in the agricultural fields of the University of Burdwan, India to observe the impact of organic manure on rhizosphere bacterial community. The experiments were conducted on maize plants, supplemented with the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and organic manure (vermicompost and cow dung mixture). Corresponding changes in the plant phenological events and soil health in terms of soil physico-chemical factors and rhizosphere bacterial groups up to the level of CFU g-1× 105 dry soil were noted.The results showed a significant increase in population of nitrifying bacteria, asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and protein hydrolysing bacteria in the organically treated plots. Moreover, the organic manure increases the bacterial population of rhizosphere, which in turn has a positive impact on maize growth and yield. The growth of the three groups of bacteria was attributed to the type of organic manure supplied to the agricultural fields.In addition, strong correlation was observed between Zn and protein hydrolysing bacteria. The soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were strongly correlated with nitrifying, fat solubilizing and phosphate solubilizing groups of bacteria.

Recent Advances of In-Silico Modeling of Potent Antagonists for the Adenosine Receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Narayan Samanta ◽  
Supratik Kar ◽  
Jerzy Leszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scoring Function ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Macromolecular Systems ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms ◽  
The Impact

The rapid advancement of computer architectures and development of mathematical algorithms offer a unique opportunity to leverage the simulation of macromolecular systems at physiologically relevant timescales. Herein, we discuss the impact of diverse structure-based and ligand-based molecular modeling techniques in designing potent and selective antagonists against each adenosine receptor (AR) subtype that constitutes multitude of drug targets. The efficiency and robustness of high-throughput empirical scoring function-based approaches for hit discovery and lead optimization in the AR family are assessed with the help of illustrative examples that have led to nanomolar to sub-micromolar inhibition activities. Recent progress in computer-aided drug discovery through homology modeling, quantitative structure-activity relation, pharmacophore models, and molecular docking coupled with more accurate free energy calculation methods are reported and critically analyzed within the framework of structure-based virtual screening of AR antagonists. Later, the potency and applicability of integrated molecular dynamics (MD) methods are addressed in the context of diligent inspection of intricated AR-antagonist binding processes. MD simulations are exposed to be competent for studying the role of the membrane as well as the receptor flexibility toward the precise evaluation of the biological activities of antagonistbound AR complexes such as ligand binding modes, inhibition affinity, and associated thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.

Biotransformation of Coumarins by Filamentous Fungi: An Alternative Way for Achievement of Bioactive Analogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainara Santos do Nascimento ◽  
João Carlos Silva Conceição ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Pattern Structures ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Compounds

Coumarins are natural 1,2-benzopyrones, present in remarkable amounts as secondary metabolites in edible and medicinal plants. The low yield in the coumarins isolation from natural sources, along with the difficulties faced by the total synthesis, make them attractive for biotechnological studies. The current literature contains several reports on the biotransformation of coumarins by fungi, which can generate chemical analogs with high selectivity, using mild and eco-friendly conditions. Prompted by the enormous pharmacological interest in the coumarin-related compounds, their alimentary and chemical applications, this review covers the biotransformation of coumarins by filamentous fungi. The chemical structures of the analogs were presented and compared with those from the pattern structures. The main chemical reactions catalyzed the insertion of functional groups, and the impact on the biological activities caused by the chemical transformations were discussed. Several chemical reactions can be catalyzed by filamentous fungi in the coumarin scores, mainly lactone ring opening, C3-C4 reduction and hydroxylation. Chunninghamella sp. and Aspergillus sp. are the most common fungi used in these transformations. Concerning the substrates, the biotransformation of pyranocoumarins is a rarer process. Sometimes, the bioactivities were improved by the chemical modifications and coincidences with the mammalian metabolism were pointed out.

scholarly journals A Newfangled Collagenase Inhibitor Topical Formulation Based on Ethosomes with Sambucus nigra L. Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Ana Henriques Mota ◽  
Inês Prazeres ◽  
Henrique Mestre ◽  
Andreia Bento-Silva ◽  
Maria João Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Sambucus nigra L. (S. nigra) is a shrub widespread in Europe and western Asia, traditionally used in medicine, that has become popular in recent years as a potential source of a wide range of interesting bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work was to develop a topical S. nigra extract formulation based on ethosomes and thus to support its health claims with scientific evidence. S. nigra extract was prepared by an ultrasound-assisted method and then included in ethosomes. The ethosomes were analyzed in terms of their size, stability over time, morphology, entrapment capacity (EC), extract release profile, stability over time and several biological activities. The prepared ethosomes were indicated to be well defined, presenting sizes around 600 nm. The extract entrapment capacity in ethosomes was 73.9 ± 24.8%, with an interesting slow extract release profile over 24 h. The extract-loaded ethosomes presented collagenase inhibition activity and a very good skin compatibility after human application. This study demonstrates the potential use of S. nigra extract incorporated in ethosomes as a potential cosmeceutical ingredient and on further studies should be performed to better understand the impact of S. nigra compounds on skin care over the time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

Advances in Chinese research on Azolla

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Lumpkin
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Impact

SynopsisThe aquatic fern Azolla has a symbiotic relationship with an N2-fixing cyanobacterium. Fanners in China and Vietnam have used Azolla for centuries as a green manure for rice and as fodder for pigs, ducks and fish. Chinese researchers have been studying Azolla since the early 1950's but many of their achievements are unknown outside China because of language and other communication problems. This article reviews current Chinese Azolla research and focuses on the impact of newly introduced Azolla species in the areas of field application, use of spores, and isolation of the N2-fixing symbiont.

scholarly journals In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Beesigamukama ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Nicholas Korir ◽  
Changeh J. Ghemoh ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

AbstractAlthough black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) is effective on crop performance, information on nitrogen (N) mineralization and nutrient release capacity of soils amended with BSFFF is lacking. This study utilized field incubation experiments to investigate the ammonification, nitrification, microbial populations, and quantities of nutrients released by soils amended with BSFFF and commercial organic fertilizer (SAFI) for a period equivalent to two maize cropping seasons. For the control treatment, no BSFFF or SAFI was added. Results indicated that most of the N in BSFFF amended soils was available in the ammonium form, while soils treated with SAFI had higher nitrate concentration. The BSFFF amended soils experienced shorter net immobilization periods of N (30–60 days) compared to SAFI treated soils (60–95 days). Increased rates of mineralization (3–10 times) and nitrification (2–4 times) were observed in soils treated with BSFFF during the second season of application. The BSFFF treated soils showed significantly higher N, phosphorus, and magnesium release than the control. Repeated application of BSFFF led to increased N release by three-folds in the soil. Furthermore, soil amendment with BSFFF increased the populations of bacteria and fungi, reduced soil acidity, and increased phosphorus (two-folds) and magnesium (two–four-folds) release than SAFI treated soils. Our findings highlight the crucial role of BSFFF in improving soil health by addressing the challenges of soil acidity, phosphorus fixation and nutrient mining, which is characteristic of most tropical soils.

Impact of Land Conservation Technologies on Agricultural Productivity in Tanzania

Utafiti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Onesmo Selijio
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Land management and conservation have been considered the most important aspects of sustainable productivity in economically developing countries where land degradation is a major challenge. In Tanzania, both the government and international organizations have been promoting adoption of land management and conservation technologies (LMCTs) for a long time. This paper establishes the impact of three LMCTs – soil water conservation technologies and erosion control (SWCEC), organic and inorganic fertilizers – on maize crop yields in different rainfall zones, using national panel survey data. The study employs static panel models to analyse the two-period data sets for 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. The results indicate that adoption of LMCTs do contribute significantly to maize yield. The greatest effects of organic and SWCEC methods on crop yield were realized in low rainfall zones, while that of inorganic fertilizers was observed in high rainfall zones. These findings support previous cross-sectional data analyses, suggesting for policy makers that a blanket land management and conservation programme applied uniformly to all agro-ecological zones is not strategically beneficial. The advisability of a technology employed in a given zone should be supported by local knowledge and research findings culled from that particular area.

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

scholarly journals Effect of specialized bathing systems on resident cleanliness and water quality in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Sloane ◽  
Lauren W. Cohen ◽  
Christianna S. Williams ◽  
Jean Munn ◽  
John S. Preisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Staff Satisfaction ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of different methods of water agitation on clinical and microbiological outcomes in 31 nursing home residents. Four conditions were tested: a) whirlpool tub, jets on, using standard soap products; b) ultrasound tub, ultrasound on, using the standard soap products; c) ultrasound tub, ultrasound on, using specialized soap and skin conditioner; and d) either tub (randomized), water circulation off, using standard soap products (the control condition). Outcomes of interest included skin microbial flora, water microbial flora, skin condition, time spent bathing, and staff satisfaction. Resident skin condition and skin microbial flora did not differ between the four treatments. The tubs also did not differ in terms of bacterial colonization; however, there was a non-statistically significant trend for the highest counts to occur in whirlpool tubs after being idle overnight. The ultrasound and whirlpool tubs were preferred by staff over the control treatment (still water) in terms of sound and overall suitability. In addition, staff reported that the ultrasound tub using enhanced skin cleansers made bathing residents easier and faster than the same tub using standard cleansers.

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