Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

scholarly journals Aplikasi Mulsa dan Biokultur Urin Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Rosmini ,
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Two Factors

ABSTRACTMost upland soils are poor in organic matter and have high temperature. The utilization ofmulch and organic manure with appropriate dosage are expected to enhance the physical andchemical conditions of the soil and the production of shallot. This study aimed to determine the effectof applying various types of mulch and cow urine bioculture on the growth and yield of shallot. Theresearch was conducted in March to June 2017 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, SigiRegency, Central Sulawesi Province. A randomized block design factorial with two factors was usedin this study. The first factor was the various types of mulch, namely: Gliricidia sepium leaves, ricestraw, and plastic mulch. The second factor was the frequency of bioculture, namely: without cowurine bioculture, two times and four times application. Thus, there are nine in the combination oftreatments and repeated three times and therefore there were 27 experimental units. The resultsshowed that interaction of rice straw mulch and four times cow urine bioculture application have avery significant effect on the growth and production of shallot. The use of 3 ton ha-1 rice straw andfour times cow urine bioculture application frequency produced 11.25 ton ha-1 shallot bulb.Keywords: chemical properties, gliricidia leaf, organic matter, rice straw, soil physicalABSTRAKLahan kering umumnya memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang rendah dengan suhu yangtinggi. Penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik pada lahan kering dengan dosis yang cukup diharapkandapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, sifat kimia tanah dan sifat biologi tanah serta meningkatkan hasilbawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan frekuensi pemberianbiokultur urin sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanMaret sampai Juni 2017 di Desa Oloboju, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi, ProvinsiSulawesi Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial yangterdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri atas: mulsa daun tanaman gamal(Gliricidia sepium), mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Faktor kedua yaitu frekuensipemberian biokultur urin sapi yang terdiri atas: tanpa biokultur, dua kali pemberian biokultur danempat kali pemberian biokultur selama satu musim tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulsajerami padi memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan mulsadaun tanaman gamal, sedangkan frekuensi pemberian biokultur empat kali memberikan hasil lebihbaik dibandingkan frekuensi biokultur dua kali dan tanpa biokultur. Interaksi keduanya berpengaruhterhadap komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan mulsa jerami padi 3ton ha-1 dan frekuensi biokultur urin sapi sebanyak empat kali menghasilkan umbi bawang merah11.25 ton ha-1.Kata kunci: bahan organik, daun tanaman gamal, jerami padi, sifat fisik tunas, sifat kimia tanah

Decomposition of 13C and 15N labelled plant residue materials in two different soil types and its impact on soil carbon, nitrogen, aggregate stability, and aggregate formation

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Blair ◽  
R. D. Faulkner ◽  
A. R. Till ◽  
P. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
The Impact

Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) is a major factor in overcoming soil degradation. An incubation experiment using 2 soil types (Red Clay and Black Earth) and 2 different rotations, a clover (Trifolium subterraneum)/cereal rotation and a long fallow/cereal rotation, from a long-term crop rotation trial located at Tamworth, NSW, Australia was conducted to investigate the decomposition of 3 different plant materials, medic (Medicago truncatula) (C : N = 13), rice straw (Oryza sativa) (C : N = 25) and flemingia leaf (Flemingia macrophylla) (C : N = 13), labelled with 13C and 15N. A control treatment with no added residue was also included. The impact of the residue decomposition on total organic carbon, labile carbon, total nitrogen, aggregate stability and the formation of large macro-aggregates from smaller macro-aggregates were studied. Total C (CT), stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), total N (NT), and %15N excess were measured by catalytic combustion and an isotope ratio mass spectrophotometer, while labile C (CL) was determined by oxidation with KMnO4. Aggregate stability [mean weight diameter (MWD)] was determined by immersion wet sieving. Correlations of C fractions with MWD were also investigated. The location of the newly added plant residue materials within soil aggregates was studied using a soil aggregate eroding machine. Loss of C from the added plant residues was highest for the medic and lowest for the flemingia, while the rice straw initially lost C at a slower rate but by 200 days was equal to the medic. The medic treatment was the only residue to lose N by gaseous loss during the experiment and it was all lost during the first 10 days. In both soils, the addition of residues increased CT and CL compared with the control treatment, with flemingia showing the greatest increase. Factors other than their C : N ratio were clearly determining C turnover. Addition of medic residues resulted in a rapid increase in MWD in both soils in the first 10 days compared with that at the commencement of the experiment. However, this was not maintained for the 200 days by which time MWD had decreased, but it was still greater than the starting point. By contrast, the addition of flemingia leaf exhibited a slower but more sustained increase to have the highest MWD at 200 days, equal to that of the medic treatment at 10 days. There was a positive correlation of CL with MWD at 200 days for both soils. Results from the soil aggregate eroding machine showed that a higher percentage of CT was derived from added plant residues in the outer one-third of the soil aggregates than in the inner two-thirds, with the greatest difference being for the flemingia treatment. There was no difference between different residue materials in the amount of CT derived from the added residues in the inner parts of soil aggregates. These results showed that soil macro-aggregates were forming around a central old aggregate by binding of smaller aggregates to it, with products formed as a result of the breakdown of plant residues binding them together. From the results obtained, and those of other researchers, a concept of macro-aggregate formation under different agricultural systems is proposed.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton community as bioindicators in aquaculture media Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to detergent and pesticide waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yusrizal Akmal ◽  
Rindhira Humairani ◽  
Muliari Muliari ◽  
Hanum Hanum ◽  
Ilham Zulfahmi
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Identification Stage ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

Phytoplankton is a bio-indicator of fertility in waters. This study aims to determine the impact of detergent and pesticide waste on the phytoplankton community structure in in tilapia aquaculture media. The phytoplankton identification stage was carried out at the MIPA Laboratory Almuslim University. The parameters studied were phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, and water quality parameters. The results of this study showed that detergent and pesticide waste at the end of the study had caused a decrease in the abundance value of phytoplankton by 3,250 individual/L and 3,750 individual/L. In the control treatment, the highest phytoplankton composition was dominated by Chaetoceros sp., while the pesticide and detergent treatments were dominated by Golenkenia sp. and Microcystis sp. Exposure to detergent and pesticide waste reduced the diversity index value, the phytoplankton uniformity index value. At the beginning of the study, it has a moderate diversity index (H '= 2.485–3.072), while at the end of the study it shows low diversity (H' = 2.111–2.375). Furthermore, at the beginning and at the end of the study there was a decrease in the uniformity index value (E = 0.87–1.01) and (H '= 0.88–0.94).

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Priyanshu ◽  
M K Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Sunil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

Análise da relação entre O3, NO e NO2 usando técnicas de regressão linear múltipla.

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (43) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Amaury De Souza ◽  
Priscilla V Ikefuti ◽  
Ana Paula Garcia ◽  
Debora A.S Santos ◽  
Soetania Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Impact

Análise e previsão de parâmetros de qualidade do ar são tópicos importantes da pesquisa atmosférica e ambiental atual, devido ao impacto causado pela poluição do ar na saúde humana. Este estudo examina a transformação do dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) em ozônio (O3) no ambiente urbano, usando o diagrama de séries temporais. Foram utilizados dados de concentração de poluentes ambientais e variáveis meteorológicas para prever a concentração de O3 na atmosfera. Foi testado o emprego de modelos de regressão linear múltipla como ferramenta para a predição da concentração de O3. Os resultados indicam que o valor da temperatura e a presença de NO2 influenciam na concentração de O3 em Campo Grande, capital do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Palavras-chave: Ozônio. Dióxido de nitrogênio. Séries cronológicas. Regressões. ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN O3, NO AND NO2 USING MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION TECHNIQUES.Abstract: Analysis and prediction of air quality parameters are important topics of current atmospheric and environmental research due to the impact caused by air pollution on human health. This study examines the transformation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) into ozone (O3) in the urban environment, using the time series diagram. Environmental pollutant concentration and meteorological variables were used to predict the O3 concentration in the atmosphere. The use of multiple linear regression models was tested as a tool to predict O3 concentration. The results indicate that the temperature value and the presence of NO2 influence the O3 concentration in Campo Grande, capital of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.Keywords: Ozone. Nitrogen dioxide. Time series. Regressions. ANÁLISIS DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE O3, NO Y NO2 UTILIZANDO MÚLTIPLES TÉCNICAS DE REGRESIÓN LINEAL.Resumen: Análisis y previsión de los parámetros de calidad del aire son temas importantes de la actual investigación de la atmósfera y el medio ambiente, debido al impacto de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud humana. Este estudio examina la transformación del dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) en ozono (O3) en el entorno urbano, utilizando el diagrama de series de tiempo. Las concentraciones de los contaminantes ambientales de datos y variables climáticas fueron utilizadas para predecir la concentración de O3 en la atmósfera. El uso de múltiples modelos de regresión lineal como herramienta para predecir la concentración de O3 se puso a prueba. Los resultados indican que el valor de la temperatura y la presencia de NO2 influyen en la concentración de O3 en Campo Grande, capital del Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.Palabras clave: Ozono. Dióxido de nitrógeno. Series de tiempo. Regresiones.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Conditions on Storability and Antioxidant Potential of Pears cv. ‘Conference’

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Grzegorz P. Łysiak ◽  
Krzysztof Rutkowski ◽  
Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Impact

Late pear cultivars, such as ‘Conference’, can be stored for a long period if kept in good storage conditions. A three-year study (2011–2013) compared the impact of six-month storage using four technologies—normal atmosphere, normal atmosphere + 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), controlled atmosphere, and controlled atmosphere + 1-MCP—on the quality parameters of ‘Conference’ pears, such as mass loss, firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, antioxidant capacity, and the incidence of diseases and disorders. Additionally, the study analysed different storage conditions in terms of profitability, based on the market prices for pears in the seasons during which the pears were stored. The storage conditions had a very strong influence on the fruit quality parameters, and were found to affect most visibly the mass loss and the incidence of postharvest diseases and disorders. The storage of ‘Conference’ pears for 180 days in normal atmosphere is not economically viable, even if the fruit is subjected to 1-MCP treatment; at the same time, it is profitable to store ‘Conference’ pears in controlled atmosphere for the same period, no matter whether 1-MCP was applied or not.

scholarly journals Effect of Maritime Traffic on Water Quality Parameters in Santa Marta, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
René Rodríguez-Grimón ◽  
Nestor Hernando Campos ◽  
Ítalo Braga Castro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Since 2013, there has been an increase (>23%) in naval traffic using maritime routes and ports on the coastal fringe of Santa Marta, Colombia. Of major concern, and described by several studies, is the relationship between maritime traffic and coastal contamination. This study proposed a maritime traffic indicator considering the simultaneous effects of several relevant measurements of water quality parameters to estimate the impact of naval activity. The approach involved developing a model including the number of vessels, hull length, and permanence time in berths. In addition, water quality variables, considering climatic seasons, were used to verify association with maritime traffic and touristic activities. The high concentrations of total coliforms (TC) and dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in chrysene equivalents (DDPH) reported by the International Marina of Santa Marta (SM) were affected by the local anthropic activities, including tourism, naval traffic, and urban wastewater discharges. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of multiple chemical impacts within Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) affecting conservation goals. The estimation of the maritime traffic indicator proposed in this study may be an easy and more complete tool for future studies evaluating the impact of naval activities on environmental quality.

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