scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Study of Justicia beddomei (C. B. Clarke) Bennet

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
C. Haleshi ◽  
A. N. Sringeswara ◽  
Vijay Danapur
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Local Bleeding ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Characteristic Odour

Justicia beddomei (C. B. Clarke) Bennet synonym Adhatoda beddomei C.B. Clarke consists of the fresh or dried leaves Dried leaves are of a dull brownish-green colour, characteristic odour and bitter taste. The leaves of the plant contain major alkaloids called vasicine, vasicinone and deoxyvasicinone, sitosterol and its glucoside, which are shown to be having bronchodilator and antihistaminic effects. These alkaloids are said to exist in combination with an acid that has been named adhatodic acid. Leaves yield essential oil and an alkaloid vasicine. Roots contain vasicinol and vasicinone. Roots also contain vasicoline, adhatodine, anisotine and vasicolinone. Several alkaloids like quinazoline and valicine are present in this plant. The leaf extracts of Justicia beddomei (C. B. Clarke) Bennet is used as an expectorant especially in chronic bronchitis and asthma. It relieves cough and breathlessness. It is also prescribed commonly for local bleeding due to peptic ulcer, piles etc. Its local use gives relief in pyorrhoea and in bleeding gums. In the present study, detailed Pharmacognosy of this plant is studied as it is used as substitute for Adathoda vasica.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of GUAVA, Psidium guajava Linnaeus, leaf extracts on diarrhea-causing enteric bacteria isolated from Seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller)

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia A. Gonçalves ◽  
Manoel Andrade Neto ◽  
José N. S. Bezerra ◽  
Andrew Macrae ◽  
Oscarina Viana de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf

Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. This study screened the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. The extracts were tested against diarrhea-causing bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of the bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus strains were most inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed greatest bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the tested extract concentrations and their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains isolated from the shrimp showed some resistance to commercially available antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-made medicines in diarrhea cases where access to commercial antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Oleoresin of Pistacia Atlantica Desf. subsp. Atlantica from Algeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachemi Benhassaini ◽  
Fatima Z. Bendeddouche ◽  
Zoheir Mehdadi ◽  
Abderrahmane Romane
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Minor Constituents ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Semi Arid

The oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. atlantica, growing wild in different arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria, is a popular naturally-occurring chewing gum and has been used traditionally in the treatment of peptic ulcer. GC/MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from solvent distillation of the fresh oleoresin has led to the identification of many terpenoids: α-pinene (39.4%), β-pinene (12.9%), carvacrol (11.8%), pinocarvone (5.5%), limonene (5.1%), germacrene-D (2.4%), trans-pinocarveol (2.1%), camphenol (2%), borneol (2%), α-terpene (1.8%), p-cymene (1.7%), terpinolene (1.4%), terpinene-4-ol (1.4%), isopinocarveol (1.1%) and verbenene (1.0%). Other minor constituents were also identified.

Characteristic odour components of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) essential oil

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Sawamura ◽  
Yuji Onishi ◽  
Junko Ikemoto ◽  
Nguyen Thi Minh Tu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan Phi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Characteristic Odour ◽  
Citrus Bergamia

scholarly journals Antioxidant, allelopathic activities of leaf extracts and essential oil compositions of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Thi Tuyen Phung ◽  
◽  
Minh Nguyet Ma ◽  
Thanh Ha Pham ◽  
Nhu Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Allelopathic Activity

This research aims to exploit total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and allelopathic activities of leaf extracts, and essential oil compositions from leaves of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. The results indicated that the leaf extract from ethanol 100% (E100) possessed a lower total polyphenol and flavonoid content than the extract from ethanol 70% (E70). In contrast, the antioxidant activity from E100 extract with IC50=612.9±12.9 μg/ml was stronger than that of E70 extract with IC50=1225.5±6.9 μg/ml. Regarding allelopathic activity, while the extracts from E100 and E70 inhibited root growth of radish, both extracts promoted root growth of lettuce. Especially, E100 extract with 3 mg/ml inhibited root growth of radish up to 48.1%. Moreover, using water solvents, the extracts reduced root growth of both the radish and lettuce. By GC-MS analyses, 33 compounds were identified from A. pedunculata essential oil. The major constituents were caryophyllene (47.09%), humulene (17.28%), α-copaene (4.98%), isoledene (3.59%), and (-)-α-panasinsen (3.51%), other compounds were accounted for lower 3%.

scholarly journals Development of a Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Based Method to Quantify Synergistic Compounds and Their Composition in Dried Leaf Extracts of Piper Sarmentosum Roxb.

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Array Detection

There is a growing demand to enhance pharmaceutical and food safety using synergistic compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb., such as polyphenols and water-soluble vitamins. However, information on standardized analytical methods to identify and quantify these compounds of interest is limited. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD)-based method was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify the amounts of tannin, flavonoid, cinnamic acid, essential oil, and vitamins extracted from P. sarmentosum leaves using methanol, chloroform, and hexane. Commercially and non-commercially-cultivated P. sarmentosum leaves were subjected to seven different drying treatments (shade; sun; air oven at 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C; and freeze-drying) for three consecutive months. Most compounds were detected most efficiently at a detection wavelength of 272 nm. The developed method displayed good detection limits (LOD, 0.026–0.789 µg/mL; LOQ, 0.078–2.392 µg/mL), linearity (R2 > 0.999), precision (%RSD, <1.00), and excellent accuracy (96–102%). All P. sarmentosum leaf extracts were simultaneously tested and analytically compared without time-consuming fractionation. Methanolic plant extracts showed better peak area and retention time splits compared to chloroformic and hexanoic extracts. Differences in synergistic compound composition were dependent on the type of drying treatment but not on cultivation site and time of sampling. Flavonoid was identified as the dominant phytochemical component in P. sarmentosum leaves, followed by the essential oil, cinnamic acid, ascorbic acid, and tannin. Overall, we present a simple and reproducible chromatographic method that can be applied to identify different plant compounds.

scholarly journals Adulticidal Activity of Hyptis suaveolens, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Lippia adoensis Leaf Extracts and Essential Oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Kary Mallam Oumarou ◽  
Lame Younoussa ◽  
Jacob Dogbaga Langsi ◽  
Pierre Saotoing ◽  
Elias Nchiwan Nukenine
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Lippia Adoensis

The study was undertaken to evaluate the adulticidal efficacy of the methanolic leaf extracts and essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Hyptis suaveolens and Lippia adoensis against adults of Anopheles gambiae. A chemical profile of each plant extracts (qualitative phytochemical screening) and essential oil (GC/MS analysis) was also determined. Doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/bottle of plant extracts and 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/bottle of essential oils were prepared and tested using CDC bottles. In each plant extract, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolic groups, terpenoids, fats and oils were presents. Major chemical constituents of essential oils were thymol (27.09%), sabinene (18.93%) and 4-carene (52.88%) in L. adoensis, H. suaveolens and C. ambrosioides, respectively. L. adoensis extract (at 1000 mg/bottle) and essential oil of H. suaveolens (at 200 mg/bottle) were the most potent causing 100% mortality of An. gambiae adults, 24 h post-exposure. Methanolic extract of L. adoensis (LC50= 20.20 mg/bottle) was the most effective compared to other extracts. Similarly, essential oil of H. suaveolens (LC50= 5.27 mg/bottle) was revealed as the most toxic on An. gambiae adults compared to other oils. Therefore, the extracts of L. adoensis and essential oil of H. suaveolens showed a high activity and should be recommended to be promoting as natural bioinsecticides to control mosquito adults.

scholarly journals Effect of stalk and leaf extracts from Euphorbiaceae species on Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goretti Araújo de Lima ◽  
Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia ◽  
Bruna Dantas de Sousa ◽  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Sílvia Maria Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil aqueous solutions (hydrolates) obtained by steam distillation of stalks and leaves of Croton argyrophylloides, Croton nepetaefolius, Croton sonderianus and Croton zehntneri against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-five larvae of third instar were placed in plastic beckers, containing the hydrolates (50 mL), in a four repetitions scheme. Water was used as control and the number of dead larvae was counted after 24 hours. The data obtained were submitted to Variance Analysis and Tukey test. Significant differences were observed among the hydrolates from different species and from different parts of each plant (p < 0.001). The hydrolates of stalk and leaf from C. nepetaefolius and C. zehntneri and leaf hydrolate of C. argyrophylloides presented 100% mortality against larvae. The compounds present in C. zenhtneri and C. nepetaefolius are oxygenated phenylpropanoids that are more soluble in water than the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes detected in the oils of C. argyrophylloides and C. sonderianus. This study showed that all species analyzed presented compounds with larvicidal properties, with differences between each plant parts.

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