Antinutritional Factors Reduction from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Roots by Grating or Chipping Processing Technique in Mtwara Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Ladislaus M. Kasankala ◽  
Malimi E. Kitunda ◽  
Elifatio E. Towo ◽  
Grace Mahende Ngwasy ◽  
Loyce Kaitira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Bitter Cassava ◽  
Regular Intake ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Regular intake of diets high in cyanogenic amount in iodine deficiency areas with limited sulfur supply diets have been associated with the development of hypothyroidism, goiter and cretinism in young and adult populations. This study aimed at the investigation of the suitable processing technique for the production of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) with acceptable consumption level of cyanide residues from different cassava varieties available at Mmongo village in Mtwara region. Grating technique was used to produce wet and dried cassava grits, whereas chipping technique produced wet and dried cassava chips. The wet and dried cassava products were all produced in a single day and under the same environmental conditions. The results showed that the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in fresh cassava roots was 62.18–139.28 mg HCN/kg. Upon processing, the cyanide was lower (P<0.05) in wet cassava grits 24.27–76.74 mg HCN/Kg but higher in wet cassava chips 44.81–92.57 mg HCN/kg. After sun drying, the HCN retention was higher in dried cassava chips (10.7–14.2%) and lower in dried cassava grits (7.3–9.1%). Grating, efficiently reduced HCN from bitter cassava roots to the level within the WHO/FAO recommended safe limit (10 mg HCN/kg) as chipping only suite for sweet cassava roots. Therefore, HQCF can be nutritionally strategic cassava product consumed regularly and during food shortage without causing potential health problems even in iodine deficiency areas.

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF 26 CASSAVA VARIETIES (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO WATERLOGGING CONDITIONS BY USING RAPD MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Sengsoulichan Dethvongsa ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Van Tran Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Flood Tolerance ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Cassava Varieties

RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) is an indicator for high and stable polymorphism, widely used in the study of the diversity of cassava. In this paper, the results of using 20 polymorphic primers OPK combined with the establishment of the phylogenetic tree to analyze the genetic diversity of 26 cassava varieties with different responses to waterlogging conditions by using the RAPD-PCR technique were presented. The purpose of this experiment was to show the genetic relevance of the studied cassava varieties. The results showed that the flood tolerance of cassava was not related to the polymorphism and branching characteristics of the stem. This information may be use as a basis for selecting flood-tolerant cassava varieties for cassava production, as well as the basis for selecting genetically different parents for breeding.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA HASIL UBIKAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz) VARIETAS UJ5 PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Palupi Puspitorini ◽  
Dyah Pitaloka ◽  
Tri Kurniastuti
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Cassava Varieties

This study aims to find out the results of cassava tuber crop UJ5 variety at different harvest ages. Research direction is that cassava varieties have been planted throughout Indonesia as the best producer of cassava varieties. High levels of starch and high HCN content makes this variety was selected by the factory - tapioca factory in Indonesia. Research design used randomized block design with 7 treatments of harvesting (UP) were repeated 3 times. UP6 (harvesting 6 MAP), UP7 (harvesting 7 MAP), UP8 (harvesting 8 MAP), UP9 (harvesting 9 MAP), UP10 (harvesting 10 MAP), UP11 (harvesting 11 MAP), UP12 ( harvesting 12 MAP). The research variables are the fresh weight of tuber, tuber starch content (%), the weight of biomass, harvest index, number of tubers per plant. The results showed that the best harvesting time is UP9 the results did not differ with UP10, UP11 and UP12

scholarly journals Composition of Two Local Cassava Varieties and the Effect of Processing on their Hydrocyanic Acid Content and Nutrient Digestibility by the Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O.O. Tewe ◽  
T. A. Job ◽  
J. K. Loosli ◽  
E. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bitter Cassava ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Two common Nigerian cassava varieties Were subjected to proximate analysis with a view to assessing the relative potential nutrient composition of the roots, stems, leaves and seeds. The results obtained showed that the leaves, seeds and stems in that order are much richer than the roots in protein but higher in crude fibre. There was a relationship between the crude protein contents of the roots and stem and the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of the plant while that of the leaves and seeds did not appear to follow the same trend. HCN of the bitter cassava variety was considerably higher in the whole tuber, pulp and peel than in the sweet strain, sundrying and ensiling resulted in appreciable losses of HCN. Grated root lost about half its HCN content within six hours while stored whole roots showed a rapid decline in HCN from the fifth day after harvest. Apparent digestibility coefficients (A.D.C.) of the major nutrients of cassava roots were not significantly (P <0.05) affected by the processes of boiling or sundrying.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological Characters and Yield Variability of Some Elite Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Patrick Ibang Udounang ◽  
Okon John Ekwere ◽  
Ofonime Raphael Akata
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Uyo to evaluate some morphological traits and yield variability of some elite cassava varieties with aim of making innovative recommendation to farmers. The experiment laid out in a complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were six cassava varieties; TMS 30572, TME 419, TMS 98/0505, TMS 98/0581, TMS 01/1412 and local variety known as Obubit Okpo. Data collected from growth and yield was subjected to analysis of variances. Significant means were compares using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Among the cassava varieties; TMS 98/0581 had superiority over in four characters namely; leaf area, storage root length, storage root circumference and yield. Also TMS 01/1412 was superior in terms of number of leaves per plant and number of storage roots per plant while TME 419 was superior in terms of plant height. Since TMS 98/0581 had four major characters, it could be disseminated to farmers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, while the other varieties TMS 01/1412, and TME 419 which were superior in two and one characters respectively could be incorporated into breeding programme with TMS 98/0581 to produce hybrid varieties with higher yield for the study area.   Keywords: Cassava, characters, breeding and yield.   

Evaluation of the pressure chamber technique for measurement of leaf water potential in cassava (Manihot species)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1638-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Ike ◽  
G. W. Thurtell ◽  
K. R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Chamber Technique ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The pressure chamber technique was evaluated as a method for estimating leaf water potential in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Xylem pressure potentials (ψP) measured with the pressure chamber were compared with leaf water potential (ψL) obtained for the same leaf with the in situ dew-point hygrometer.In both cassava varieties studied, ψL and ψP were linearly related (r2 = 0.87 and 0.98 for CMC9 and CMC40 respectively). The length of petiole exposed outside the chamber affects the relation between ψL and ψP and should be kept at between 1 and 3 cm for better agreement. In CMC40, ψP was consistently lower (drier) than ψL by about 1.0 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) in the entire range of water potential studied, but was not the case in CMC9. The reason for this difference is unclear but may be due to a filling of tissues other than xylem tissues (Boyer 1967) during the measurement of ψP in CMC40. Average xylem osmotic potentials (ψS) were low (−1.0 ± 0.2 bars and −1.0 ± 0.4 bars for CMC9 and CMC40 respectively). It is, therefore, unnecessary to correct for ψS when using the pressure chamber to estimate leaf water potentials in cassava.

scholarly journals A comparative genetic diversity assessment of industrial and household Brazilian cassava varieties using SSR markers

Bragantia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro Siqueira ◽  
Aline Borges ◽  
Teresa Losada Valle ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Veasey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Cassava Varieties

This study was carried out in order to assess the genetic diversity of 20 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes with high phenotypic performance using microsatellite markers. Two groups were considered for this study: eleven varieties for industrial uses and nine for household consumption. By using nine microsatellite primers, high polymorphism was identified in all the loci analyzed, with values reaching 100%. On average, 3.4 alleles per locus were found, with 0.371 the value estimated for the observed heterozygosity and 0.555 for gene diversity for the entire set of varieties. The genetic variability found in both varieties, cultivated on a large-scale in the South Center region of Brazil, is wide enough to allow the choice of divergent parental genotypes to be used in crosses to obtain new recombinant genotypes. Furthermore, the analyses indicated a high genetic variability within the two groups (I: varieties for industrial uses; II: varieties for household consumption). However, varieties for household consumption attain higher genetic variability, probably due to high priority placed on selection of different sensorial traits. In the cluster analysis, a tendency for separation of varieties for industrial use and household consumption was verified. Our results represent an important source of information to the cassava breeding program in Brazil.

scholarly journals Physico-Functional and Starch Pasting Properties of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Cruntz) Flours as Influenced by Processing Technique and Varietal Variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Afoakwa ◽  
Gilbert O. Sampson ◽  
D. Nyirenda ◽  
C. N. Mwansa ◽  
L. Brimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Pasting Characteristics

This study investigated effects of processing technique and varietal variations on the physico-functional, starch pasting and viscoelastic properties of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) flours using a 3x6 factorial experimental approach. Samples were evaluated for their non-volatile acidity, pH, swelling power, solubility water absorption capacity (27oC and 70oC), colour and starch pasting characteristics of the cassava flours using standard methods. Grating and soaking of the cassava tubers significantly (p<0.05) reduced the pH of all the varieties with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity. Grating and soaking significantly (p<0.05) reduced the swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity of the flours. Soaked Chila B flour recorded the highest pasting temperature of 66.9°C whiles soaked Mweulu flour recorded the highest peak viscosity (684 BU), viscosity at 95oC (683 BU) and viscosity at 95oC-hold (359 BU), suggesting that the flours from the different cassava varieties could be targeted for different food and industrial products.   Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop in the world and it provides food for about one billion people globally. It contributes significantly to the economy of most tropical countries through processing into various products. Varietal variation in cassava plays a very important role in the production of diversified food products due to its inherent biochemical characteristics such as starch content, sugar content and pasting characteristics. The biochemical composition in the tubers varies according to varieties. Physico-functional and starch pasting properties of cassava are among the most important parameters used to predict the suitability of flours and starches for certain end product uses, and these would aid the selection of appropriate varieties for use in various food and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Physicochemical, Functional, and Antioxidant Properties of Flours from Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
R. A. T. Nilusha ◽  
J. M. J. K. Jayasinghe ◽  
O. D. A. N. Perera ◽  
P. I. P. Perera ◽  
C. V. L. Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Cassava flour has a high potential to contribute as a raw material in the food industry. This study was aimed at characterizing flours from Sri Lankan cassava varieties with a view to explore the potential in food applications. Flours prepared from five cassava varieties, namely, Kirikawadi, MU51, Swarna, Shani, and Suranimala, were analyzed for proximate composition and physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties using standard methods. Flours from tested cassava varieties contained <1% crude fat and <2% crude protein. Flour from MU51 contained the highest amount of HCN (48.05 mg/kg) while flour from Suranimala contained the lowest (4.85 mg/kg). Total starch and amylose contents of flours were significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) than those of commercial wheat flour. Flour from Suranimala contained approximately similar amylopectin content as commercial wheat flour. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, water solubility index, swelling power, emulsion activity, and emulsion stability of flours from five cassava varieties were significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) than those of commercial wheat flour. Swarna was identified as the richest source of phenolic compounds (4.44 mmol GAE/100 g dry weight) among the five varieties. Results showed the promising application potential of flours from these five cassava varieties in different food applications such as weaning foods, bakery foods, and edible films.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of Antimony and Arsenic in Vegetables and Health Risk Assessment in the Superlarge Antimony-Mining Area, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defang Zeng ◽  
Saijun Zhou ◽  
Bozhi Ren ◽  
Tengshu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Safe Limit

Heavy metal pollution in soils caused by mining and smelting has attracted worldwide attention for its potential health risks to residents. This paper studies the concentrations and accumulations of Sb and As in both soils and vegetables and the human health risks of Sb and As in vegetables from Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine, Hunan, China. Results showed that the soils were severely polluted by Sb and As; Sb and As have significant positive correlation. Sb and As concentrations in vegetables were quite different:Coriandrum sativumL. was the highest in Sb,Allium fistulosumL. was the highest in As, andBrassica pekinensisL. was the lowest in both Sb and As;Daucus carotaL. andCoriandrum sativumL. showed advantage in accumulating Sb and As;Coriandrum sativumL. had higher capacity of redistributing Sb and As within the plant. Health risk assessment results showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) values of Sb and As in vegetables were in the ranges of 1.61–3.33 and 0.09–0.39, respectively; the chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of Sb were over the safe limit recommended by FAO and WHO, indicating that long-term consumption of vegetables from the surrounding soils of XKS mine may bring health risks to residents.

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