scholarly journals Leaf Conductance Study on Twelve (12) Genotypes of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cissé F. Touré ◽  
A. Touré ◽  
A. Diallo ◽  
V. Vadez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Canopy

Enhancing transpiration efficiency (TE), defined as biomass accumulation per unit water transpired, may be an effective approach to increasing sorghum yield in arid and semi-arid regions under drought conditions. Water use efficiency was compared among 12 sorghum cultivars collected from the ICRISAT Genebank and representing diverse origins. Plants were cultivated in a split plot experimental design using pots with two factors in 5 replications. An irrigation system with two levels: the "well water”, and “water stress” were applied. Plastic bags were used to wrap the pots after the phase of water saturation. Transpiration Efficiency (TE) was used to evaluate the performance of a genotype in water deficit conditions. The parameters such as leaf weight, stem weight and root weight were measured and the data were analyzed using the statistical software tool GenStat version 19. Leaf weight, stem weight and root weight varied significantly between genotypes under well water conditions while under water stress conditions only the stem weight measured was significantly different among the genotypes. Significant differences between genotypes for leaf canopy conductance were found. The leaf canopy conductance was weakly correlated to the stem weight and root weight in both well-watered and water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophyte Improves Drought Tolerance of Ormosia hosiei Hemsley & E. H. Wilson by Modulating Root Morphology, Ultrastructure, and the Ratio of Root Hormones

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Water Capacity

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are known to help host plants survive drought stress; however, how DSEs enhance host plant drought resistance under water stress conditions remains unclear. The objective of this study was to inoculate Ormosia hosiei seedlings with a DSE strain (Acrocalymma vagum) to investigate the effects of DSE inoculation on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the endogenous hormone content under drought stress conditions and to elucidate the drought resistance mechanism involved in the DSE–host-plant association. The inoculated seedlings were grown under three different soil water conditions (well watered—75% field water capacity, moderate water—55% field water capacity, or low water—35% field water capacity) for 114 days. Fresh root weight, root volume, root surface area, root fork, and root tip number were significantly higher in inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the root architecture of the inoculated seedlings changed from herringbone branching to dichotomous branching. Mitochondria and other organelles in root cells of inoculated seedlings remained largely undamaged under water stress, whereas organelles in root cells of noninoculated seedlings were severely damaged. The abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and IAA/ABA ratio of inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those of noninoculated seedlings, whereas the content of gibberellic acid (GA) and the ratios of GA/ABA, zeatin riboside (ZR)/ABA, and ZR/IAA in inoculated seedlings were lower than those of noninoculated seedlings. DSE inoculation could help plants adapt to a drought stress environment by altering root morphology, reducing ultrastructural damage, and influencing the balance of endogenous hormones, which could be of great significance for the cultivation and preservation of the O. hosiei tree.

scholarly journals Gram Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat Genotypes at Different Moisture Regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
J.C. Stark ◽  
A. Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
High Yields

Yield and developmental characteristics of crop genotypes grown at different levels of water availability are often used to select genotypes that are adapted to variable moisture environments. Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen. Idaho, USA in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the effects of varying moisture supply on grain yield and yield components of spring wheat genotypes. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under three irrigation levels (well-watered. moderate water-stress and severe water-stress) imposed during the periods from mid-tillering to anthesis with a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Grain yield and yield components (spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, kernels spikelet-1,  kernels spike-1, and kernel weight) were used to evaluate the genotypic response to water stress. Overall, water stress caused a reduction in grain yield and yield components. Genotypes exhibited a large year-to-year variation in their ranks for grain yield. Medium-tall growing genotypes (IDO 367. lDO 369 and Rick) generally produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1992 (relatively dry year), while short -medium genotypes (WPB 926. Yecora Rojo and Pondera) produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1993 (relatively wet year). Chris and Serra were the lowest yielding genotypes under water stress conditions in both years. Under moderate stress conditions. 100 367 and Yecora Rojo had consistently high yields. Genotypic yield differences under water stress conditions were primarily related to the differences in the numbers of spikes m". Therefore, a tendency for high plasticity for Spikes per unit area could be used to select wheat genotypes for improved drought tolerance.

Effect of water stress on morpho-physiological parameters of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) genotypes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Saxena ◽  
R. K. Kakani ◽  
L. K. Sharma ◽  
D. Agarwal ◽  
S. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of moisture stress on morpho-physiological parameters, seed yield and total oil content of thirteen fenugreek genotypes grown under moisture stress at different growth stages. Fenugreek genotypes showed significant differences in plant fresh weight, shoot and root weight, shoot and root length, number of branches, number of pods and seed yield per plant. Chlorophyll content and water potential was found to be reduced under water stress. Genotypes showed variation in canopy temperature under non stress conditions which was narrowed under stress conditions. Water stress at flowering and post flowering stage increased the oil content from a minimum of 3.29% in AFg 6 to a maximum of 5.31 in AM 327-3.

Phenology, growth, productivity, and profitability of mungbean as affected by potassium and organic matter under water stress vs. no water stress conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Mohammad Yar ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Hafiz M. Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Leaf compatible “eco-friendly” temperature sensor clip for high density monitoring wireless networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Palazzari ◽  
Paolo Mezzanotte ◽  
Federico Alimenti ◽  
Francesco Fratini ◽  
Giulia Orecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
System A

This paper describes the design, realization, and application of a custom temperature sensor devoted to the monitoring of the temperature differential between the leaf and the air. This difference is strictly related to the plant water stress and can be used as an input information for an intelligent and flexible irrigation system. A wireless temperature sensor network can be thought as a decision support system used to start irrigation when effectively needed by the cultivation, thus saving water, pump fuel oil, and preventing plant illness caused by over-watering.

Estimation water status of the vineyard by calculating multispectral index from satellite images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
María Fandiño ◽  
Xesús Pablo González ◽  
Javier J. Cancela
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Spectral Index ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

<p>The estimation of the water status in the vineyard, is a very important factor, in which every day the winegrowers show more interest since it directly affects the quality and production in the vineyards. The situation generated by COVID-19 in viticulture, adds importance to tools that provide information of the hydric status of vineyard plants in a telematic way.</p><p>In the present study, the stem water potential in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, is analysed in a vineyard belonging to the Rias Baixas wine-growing area (Vilagarcia de Arousa, Spain), with 32 sampling points distributed throughout the plot, which allows the contrast and validation with the remote sensing methodology to estimate the water status of the vineyard using satellite images.</p><p>The satellite images have been downloaded from the Sentinel-2 satellite, on the closets available dates regarding the stem water potential measurements, carried out in the months of June to September, because this dates are considered the months in which vine plants have higher water requirements.</p><p>With satellite images, two spectral index related to the detection of water stress have been calculated: NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MSI (Moisture Stress Index). Stem water potential measurements, have allowed a linear regression with both index, to validate the use of these multispectral index to determine water stress in the vineyard.</p><p>Determination coefficients of r<sup>2</sup>=0.62 and 0.67, have been obtained in July and August 2018 and 0.54 in June of 2019 for the NDWI index, as well as values of 0.53 and 0.63 in July 2018 and June 2019 respectively, when it has been analysed the MSI index.</p><p>Between both seasons, the difference observed, that implies slightly greater water stress in 2019, is reflected in the climate conditions during the summer months, with an average accumulated rainfall that doesn’t exceed 46 mm of water. Although, the NDWI index has allowed to establish better relationships in the 2018 season respect to the MSI index and the 2019 season, (r<sup>2</sup>=0.60 NDWI in 2018), as well as greater differences in terms of water stress presented in the vineyard.</p><p>With the spectral index calculated, it has been possible to validate the use of these index for the determination of the water stress of the vineyard plants, as an efficient, fast and less expensive method, which allows the application of an efficient irrigation system in the vineyard.</p>

scholarly journals Does discontinuous hydration of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. excelsa (Schrad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) seeds confer tolerance to water stress during seed germination?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayslan Trindade Lima ◽  
Paulo Henrique de Jesus da Cunha ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Meiado
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
Senna Spectabilis ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Germination Parameters ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

Abstract: Seed hydration memory is the ability of seeds to retain biochemical and physiological changes caused by discontinuous hydration. This study aimed to determine if Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. excelsa (Schrad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) present seed memory and evaluate the effects of hydration and dehydration cycles (HD) on the seed germination of this species when submitted to conditions of water stress. Seeds underwent HD cycles (0, 1, 2 and 3 cycles) corresponding to the hydration times X (6 hours), Y (16 hours) and Z (24 hours), determined from the imbibition curve, with 5 hours of dehydration and submitted to water stress conditions. Germination was evaluated at 0.0, -0.1, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa, obtained with polyethylene glycol 6000 solution. Germinability (%), mean germination time (days) and hydrotime (MPa d-1) were calculated. The seeds of S. spectabilis var. excelsa are sensitive to the low osmotic potentials tested in this study, however, when submitted to the HD cycles of 16 hours hydration (time Y), the tolerance to water stress conditions is increased. In addition, the observed benefits on the evaluated germination parameters show that S. spectabilis var. excelsa present seed hydation memory.

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