scholarly journals Acid Soil Management in Jhum Fields of Maize under Zunheboto District of Nagaland

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
. Sentimenla
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Rainfed Upland ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Grain

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop in the world due to its adaptability towards varied agro-climatic conditions. It is considered the Queen of the cereals. It ranks third among the cereals next to wheat and rice. The leading producer of maize is USA with 10.34 t ha -1 followed by Argentina (5.61 t ha-1) and China (5.35 t ha-1). It is the third most important cereal next to rice and wheat contributing about 10% of the total food grain production. Maize is the second most important crop next to rice in the Northeast region of India grown under rainfed upland soils. It is used for direct consumption as well as feeds to the farm animals. The area under maize in Zunheboto district of Nagaland is 10,100 hectare, however its productivity is only about 1.98 Mt ha-1 and hence its production needs to be improved. The soils are acidic in this region and often needs to be reclaimed to increase the productivity of the maize. A field level demonstrations on acid soil management using lime was conducted based on the soil type and pH in upland jhum fields of Aotsakili and Sumi Settsu villages under Zunheboto district of Nagaland covering 2 hectares. It was observed that with the application of lime, the average mean of pH was increased from 6.2 to 6.4 and the mean yield of maize was 2300 kg ha-1 over control (1600 kg ha-1) with B:C ratio of 2.6 over farmers practice 2.2. This technology was found to be beneficial and suitable for neutralizing soil acidity for crop production.

scholarly journals Effect of unusual weather on cereal crop production and household food security

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem R. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Paddy Land ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Production Areas

For the third consecutive year, drought conditions have been severely affecting agricultural production in Nepal and in some cases turning traditionally surplus production areas into deficit ones. In addition to the heavily drought affected Mid- and Far-Western Regions, flood exacerbated by hailstones and crop diseases in various VDCs caused extensive crop loss. Drought particularly affected the traditionally food surplus areas of the Eastern Terai, particularly Siraha, Saptari and Dhanusha which reported a decline in paddy production of about 30%. A total of 109,855 hectares of paddy land (7.09%) remained fallow in 2006/07 as farmers were unable to plant due to drought. In addition, yields were lower by almost 6%. Paddy crop production consequently declined by 12.5 % compared to last year. The total food grain shortfall for the year 2006/07 has been calculated at 187,748 Mt assuming favorable weather conditions for the winter crop wheat and barley. The Journal of AGRICLUTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 20-29

Forecasting maize yield using ARIMA-Genetic Algorithm approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosha Rathod ◽  
KN Singh ◽  
Prawin Arya ◽  
Mrinmoy Ray ◽  
Anirban Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Total Food ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Living Organisms

Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world and has highest production among all the cereals. India is the sixth largest producer of maize in the world, contributing 2% of global production and accounting for 9% of the total food grain production in the country. Based on increasing growth rates of poultry, livestock, fish, and milling industries, the demand for maize is expected to increase from the current level of 17 to 45 million tons by 2030. To understand the growing pattern and economics of crop production, it is necessary to predict crop yield using statistical models and geographic information system soil mapping and the impacts of insect and pest damage. In this study, the focus was to forecast maize yield in India using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and genetic algorithm (GA) approach. GA simulates the evolution of living organisms, where the fittest individual dominates the weaker ones by mimicking the biological mechanism of evolution, such as selection, crossover, and mutation. GA has successfully been applied to solve optimization problems. The study reveals that implementation of GA in ARIMA enhances the prediction accuracy of the model.

Design and development of manually operated gladiolus planter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
TAPAN K. KHURA ◽  
H. L. KUSHWAHA ◽  
SATISH D LANDE ◽  
PKSAHOO . ◽  
INDRA L . KUSHWAHA
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Immense Potential

Floriculture is an age-old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating selfemployment and income to farmers. However, the cost of cultivation of flower is high as compared to cereal crop. Level of mechanization for different field operations is one but foremost reason for the higher cost of cultivation. As most of the Indian farmers are marginal and small, a need for manually operated gladiolus planter was felt. The geometric properties of gladiolus corm were determined for designing the seed metering system and seed hopper of the planter. The planter was evaluated in the field when pulled by two persons as a power source and guided by a person. The coefficient of variation and highest deviation from the mean spacing was observed as 12.93% and 2.65cm respectively. The maximum coefficient of uniformity of 90.59% was observed for a nominal corm spacing of 15cm at 0.56 kmh-1 forward speed. An average MISS percentage was observed as 2.65 and 2.25 for nominal corm spacing of 15 and 20 cm. The multiple index was zero for two levels corm spacing and forward speed of operation. The QFI was found in the range of 97.2 and 97.9 percent. The average field capacity of the planter was observed as 0.02 hah-1.The average draft requirement of the planter was found as 821 ± 50.3 N.

Participatory soil quality assessment: The case of smallholder farmers in Ethiopian highlands

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklu Erkossa ◽  
Karl Stahr ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Soil Quality Assessment

The study was conducted at Caffee Doonsa (08°88′N, 39°08′E; 2400 m asl), a small watershed in the central highlands of Ethiopia, in order to identify farmers’ goals of soil management and the indicators they use in selecting soils for a certain function, and to categorise the soils in different quality groups with respect to the major functions. Thirty-six male farmers of different age and wealth groups participated in a Participatory Rural Appraisal technique. They listed and prioritised 12 soil functions in the area and itemised the soil quality indicators (characteristics). Based on the indicators, the soils in the watershed were classified into 3 soil quality (SQ) groups (Abolse, Kooticha, and Carii). The SQ groups have been evaluated and ranked for the major soil functions. For crop production, Abolse was graded best, followed by Kooticha and Carii, respectively. The grain and straw yield data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from the SQ groups confirmed the farmers claim, in that Abolse gave the highest grain yield (4573 kg/ha), followed by 4411 and 3657 kg/ha for Kooticha and Carii, respectively. Local insights should be included in systematic soil quality assessment, and in planning and implementation of various soil management interventions.

scholarly journals Water Scarcity and Sustainability in an Emerging Economy: A Management Perspective for Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Dianxi Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
António José Filipe ◽  
Phung Anh Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Emergency Measures

Water scarcity is rising as a global issue, because the planet earth is facing a global water crisis, which is considered something that can destroy environmental sustainability of our planet. The fact is that humanity’s demand is depleting natural resources faster than nature can replenish itself; if human habits and unsustainable use of water resources do not change, water scarcity will inevitably intensify and become a major cause of conflict among different nations of the world. The water scarcity issue is a crucial issue but unfortunately it has not received due attention in past. Pakistan, which once was a water abundant country, now facing a situation of water scarcity. Pakistan has a poor irrigation system which results 60% loss of its water; Pakistan uses more water for crop production than other countries. Likewise, the country harvests water from rainfall, rivers, snow, and glaciers. The country is facing a serious water crisis that is caused by different factors, such as changing climatic conditions, rising population, poor irrigation system, poor political will, and rapid urbanization. The water crisis of Pakistan is expected to worsen in coming years. This is a drastic situation which calls for emergency measures. With this background, the present study provides a detailed view of the water situation in the country with challenges to water management. The study also suggests some recommendations for policymakers to improve the water crisis situation in the future.

Seasonal Influence on Milk Production Performance in SDCMPUL in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

Irrigation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract Crop production in many regions has been reliant on irrigation for almost as long as man has been cultivating plant life. For 6000 years, irrigation has ranked among the most powerful tools of human advancement (Postel, 1999), and by the start of the 21st century no less than 75% of the world's fresh water was in use for agricultural production (Levy and Coleman, 2014). In 2012, twenty percent of total cultivated land was under irrigation, contributing forty percent of the total food production worldwide, this represented 275 million hectares under actual irrigation with a total of 324 million hectares equipped for irrigation (FAO, 2016). Irrigation, which can be defined as 'the artificial application of water to land, soil or other growing medium for the purposes of crop growth', has become a global issue in more recent times as the increasing demand for fresh water has seen problems develop with water scarcity, quality issues and conflict over usage.

scholarly journals Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: I. Annual nitrogen budgets

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ruiz ◽  
S. Abiven ◽  
P. Durand ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
F. Vertès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Catchments

Abstract. The hydrological and biogeochemical monitoring of catchments has become a common approach for studying the effect of the evolution of agricultural practices on water resources. In numerous studies, the catchment is used as a "mega-lysimeter" to calculate annual input-output budgets. However, the literature reflects two opposite interpretations of the trends of nitrate concentration in streamwater. For some authors, essentially in applied studies, the mean residence time of leached nitrate in shallow groundwater systems is much less than one year and river loads reflect annual land use while for others, nitrate is essentially transport limited, independent of soil nitrate supply in the short term and annual variations reflect changes in climatic conditions. This study tests the effect of agricultural land-use changes on inter-annual nitrate trends on stream water of six small adjacent catchments from 0.10 to 0.57 km2 in area, on granite bedrock, at Kerbernez, in Western Brittany (France). Nitrate concentrations and loads in streamwater have been monitored for nine years (1992 to 2000) at the outlet of the catchments. An extensive survey of agricultural practices from 1993 to 1999 allowed assessment of the nitrogen available for leaching through nitrogen budgets. For such small catchments, year-to-year variations of nitrate leaching can be very important, even when considering the 'memory effect' of soil, while nitrate concentrations in streamwater appear relatively steady. No correlation was found between the calculated mean nitrate concentration of drainage water and the mean annual concentration in streams, which can even exhibit opposite trends in inter-annual variations. The climatic conditions do not affect the mean concentration in streamwater significantly. These results suggest that groundwater plays an important role in the control of streamwater nitrate concentration. Keywords: nitrate, diffuse pollution, agricultural catchment, nitrogen budget, leaching, Kerbernez catchments

scholarly journals Living mulch strategy for organic cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) production in central and southern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Canali ◽  
Gabriele Campanelli ◽  
Corrado Ciaccia ◽  
Mariangela Diacono ◽  
Fabrizio Leteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Burr Medic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems

In sustainable agricultural systems, intercropping using living mulches (LM) provides many beneficial ecosystem services. The objective of these two-year field experiments was to study the suitability of different LM options of burr medic (<em>Medicago polymorpha</em> L. var. <em>anglona</em>) for organic cauliflower (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> L.) cultivation in two sites under Mediterranean conditions. In central Italy (Experiment 1) contemporary and delayed (to crop) sowings of LM were compared with a no-cover crop treatment, contrasting two local cauliflower cultivars and a F1 Hybrid. In southern Italy (Experiment 2) the sustainability of systems combining LM (anticipated and contemporary sowing compared with no-cover) and organic fertilisation strategies was assessed. The aboveground biomasses dry weights of cauliflower crop (heads and residues), burr medic and weeds were separately determined. Results suggested that in Experiment 1 the LM was not able to smother weeds establishment and growth, as a consequence of early sowing, while cauliflower yield was reduced. Moreover, the genotypes behaviour was greatly influenced by the LM sowing times. In Experiment 2, irrespective of the agronomic practices applied, climatic conditions notably influenced cauliflower cultivation and also reduced the mean yield. Therefore, the recorded differences between the two experimental sites highlighted the need to tailor the LM strategies to the different environmental conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document