scholarly journals Control of Ralstonia solanacearum on Selected Solaneceous Crops in Greenhouse by Selected Soil Amendments

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Kago ◽  
Z. M. Kinyua ◽  
J. M. Maingi ◽  
P. O. Okemo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Split Pot ◽  
Metham Sodium

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of selected soil amendments on Ralstonia solanacearum isolates in greenhouse on selected solaneceous crops. Study Design:  The study was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split pot arrangement for two seasons in the greenhouse. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in Kenyattta University situated in Kiambu County about 20 km from Nairobi city along Nairobi-Thika road between July, 2017- September, 2017 and between November, 2017- January, 2018. Methodology: The three host crops of interest (potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum) were inoculated with prepared pure bacterial isolates; 18 (2T-Kiambu-Low Land), 71(2A-Nyeri-Low Land), 67 (2A-Nyeri-High Land), 83 (2T-Kirinyaga-Highland) and MX (18/71/67/83). Potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum were planted in pots each with a radius of 0.07 m (area 0.015 m2).The experiment had a total of 450 pots having a total area of 6.93 m2. The treatments were ChalimTM, Super-hydro-grow polymer + Metham sodium, Metham sodium, Metham sodium & Orange peel, Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissues, ChalimTM + Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissue + Orange peel, Metham sodium + Super-hydro-grow polymer and Control (no amendments). Results: There were significant differences (P≤0.05) in the bacterial wilt incidences in selected solaneceous crops between control and all the soil amendments used in season 1 and 2. Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer was superior in reducing bacterial wilt incidences in selected solaneceous crops  in all the R. solanacearum isolates from Kenyan highlands and lowlands both in season 1 and 2. Conclusion: Organic and inorganic soil amendments could serve as a viable control of bacterial wilt in solaneceous crops caused by R. solanacearum in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Effect of Field Treatment with Selected Soil Amendments on Bacterial Wilt Incidences in Tomatoes, Capsicum and Potatoes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Kago ◽  
Z. M. Kinyua ◽  
J. M. Maingi ◽  
P. O. Okemo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Metham Sodium

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of field treatment with selected soil amendments on bacterial wilt incidences in Tomatoes, Capsicum and Potatoes.  Study Design:  The study was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement for two seasons in the field. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the experimental plots at KARLO- NARL, Kabete Nairobi County between July, 2017- September, 2017 and between November, 2017- January, 2018. Methodology: The three choice crops of interest (potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum) were inoculated with prepared pure bacterial isolates; 18 (2T-Kiambu-Low Land), 71(2A-Nyeri-Low Land), 67 (2A-Nyeri-High Land), 83 (2T-Kirinyaga-Highland) and MX (18/71/67/83). A plot measuring 66 m by 28.5 m was marked, cleared, ploughed, harrowed and demarcated into 150 plots each measuring 2.4 m x 3.75 m. Spacing of the host crops of interest: potato - (Tigoni variety), tomato (Caj variety) and capsicum (Califonia Wonder) was carried out at 75 cm between the rows and 30 cm within the rows. The treatments were ChalimTM, Super-hydro-grow polymer + Metham sodium, Metham sodium, Metham sodium & Orange peel, Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissues, ChalimTM + Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissue + Orange peel, Metham sodium + Super-hydro-grow polymer and Control (no amendments). Results: Significant differences (P≤0.05) were revealed in the bacterial wilt incidences in tomatoes, capsicum and potatoes between control and all the soil amendments used in season 1 and 2 in the five R. solanacearum isolate from Kenyan highlands and lowlands. The Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer was superior in reducing bacterial wilt incidences in tomatoes, capsicum and potatoes in the field in all the R. solanacearum isolates from Kenyan highlands and lowlands both in season 1 and 2. Conclusion: The findings showed that organic and inorganic soil amendments could serve as a viable control of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops caused by R. solanacearum in the field. We recommend the use of Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer soil amendment in the control of bacterial wilt incidences in the field on solanaceous crops.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic and Inorganic Soil Amendments on Soil pH and Macronutrients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. K. Kago ◽  
Z. M. Kinyua ◽  
J. M. Maingi ◽  
P. O. Okemo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metham Sodium

The popularity of using the Inorganic and organic soil amendments is based on the current status of soil degradation that led to  decline in  fertility  of soils, resulting to low yields. The objective of current study was to evalute different  organic and inorganic  soil amendments  and their effects on soil pH and macronutrients. The study was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement for two seasons. The treatments were ChalimTM, Super-hydro-grow polymer + Metham sodium, Metham sodium, Metham sodium & Orange peel, Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissues, ChalimTM + Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissue + Orange peel, Metham sodium + Super-hydro-grow polymer and Control (no amendments).  Soils were sampled from each experimental site, dried and taken to laboratories for determination of soil chemical properties both at initial and at the end of the experiment. The soil physicochemical attributes assessed included: Soil pH, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. There was an significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration and availability of soil physicochemical characteristics after treatment which is an indicator of improved soil structure. Brassicae tissue +super hydrogrow polymer (BT+SHG) amendment was the best as it resulted to highest concentration   and availability of the mineral elements in the soil recording total nitrogen of 0.50 %, organic carbon 5.47 %, phosphorus 19.7 mg/kg, and potassium 1.37 %. The control exhibited the least impact on all the soil chemical properties. We recommend BT+SHG amendment to farmers to promote soil fertility which will consequently produce better yield.

scholarly journals Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Tanah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di Rumah Kaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yadi Suryadi ◽  
Sri A. Rais
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Character ◽  
Wilt Symptom ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Peptone Medium

<p>The objective of the study was to evaluate resistance response of groundnut genotypes against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in the green house of Biochemistry Department, ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Ralstonia solanacearum isolate was obtained from groundnut plant showing wilt symptom, collected from Karadenan village (Cibinong). Preparation of bacterial RS inoculum was done using SP (sucrose peptone) medium. Groundnut plants were inoculated by RS isolate using inoculum capacity of 107 cfu/ml. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted of seven treatments with four replications, whilst Tupai and Kelinci genotypes were used as resistant and susceptible control check, respectively. The result indicated that groundnut genotypes i.e. ICGV 88262, Local Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, and ICG 3400, showed resistant response against bacterial wilt causing wilt damage of &lt;20%. Bacterial wilt disease could affect reductions of some groundnut phenotypic character. The plant height of resistant groundnut showed relatively tall than that of Kelinci. In addition, it showed the lowest healthy pod yield among the genotypes tested.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketahanan genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) di rumah kaca Kelompok Peneliti Biokimia BB-Biogen. Isolat R. solanacearum diperoleh dari tanaman kacang tanah yang menunjukkan gejala layu dari Desa Karadenan (Cibinong). Penyiapan dan penyediaan inokulum bakteri R. solanacearum menggunakan media SP (sukrose pepton). Tanaman kacang tanah diinokulasi dengan isolat R. solanacearum dengan kerapatan koloni 107 cfu/ml. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Untuk pembanding tahan dan rentan masing-masing digunakan genotipe Tupai dan Kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe ICGV 88262, lokal Sindangbarang, PI 203395, ICG 10067, dan ICG 3400 tahan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dengan nilai kerusakan &lt;20%. Penyakit layu bakteri berpengaruh terhadap penurunan beberapa karakter fenotipik kacang tanah, di mana tanaman genotipe kacang tanah tahan PLB relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotipe Kelinci. Polong bernas Kelinci paling sedikit di antara semua genotipe uji.</p>

scholarly journals Semiarid bunchgrasses accumulate molybdenum on alkaline copper mine tailings: assessing phytostabilization in the greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Antonelli ◽  
Matthew G. Coghill ◽  
Wendy C. Gardner ◽  
Lauchlan H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Copper Mine Tailings ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

AbstractPhytostabilization is the use of plants and soil amendments to physically stabilize and remediate contaminated mine wastes and to control wind and water erosion in semiarid environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate two native bunchgrass species’ (Pseudoroegneria spicata and Festuca campestris) biomass accumulation and metals uptake response to locally available soil amendments (compost, wood ash and wood chips) to determine their suitability for phytostabilization at an alkaline copper mine tailings site in British Columbia, Canada. In the greenhouse, bunchgrasses important as forage for livestock and wildlife were grown in tailings with various ash–compost–wood chip combinations and evaluated using a randomized complete block design with 13 treatments and 10 replicates. Plants were harvested after 90 d, and tissues were analyzed for root and shoot biomass. Tissue samples (n = 3) from three treatment subsets (ash, compost, blend) were selected for elemental analysis. Biomass increased with increasing compost applications, and the response was greatest for P. spicata. Shoot molybdenum exceeded the maximum tolerable level for cattle and was significantly higher when grasses were grown on the ash treatment (183–202 mg kg−1) compared to the others (19.7–58.3 mg kg−1). Translocation and root bioconcentration factors were highest on the ash treatment (2.53–12.5 and 1.75–7.96, respectively) compared to the other treatments (0.41–3.43 and 1.47–4.79, respectively) and indicate that both species are ‘accumulators.’ The findings suggest that these bunchgrasses were not ideal candidates for phytostabilization due to high shoot tissue molybdenum accumulation, but provide important considerations for mine restoration in semiarid grassland systems.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Genotipe Tomat Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma di Dataran Rendah

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Roiyan Romadhon ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Dan Siti Marwiyah
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Low Altitude

<p><em></em><em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Bacterial wilt and fruit cracking are serious problems in tomatoes cultivation in the lowland area. This research aimed to evaluate the yield of M4 generation of tomatoes in the field and the incidence of bacterial wilt disease and fruit cracking in low altitude. The research was conducted at the IPB Experimental Field in Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The material consisted of 15 M4 genotypes and two controls (Berlian and Kefaminano 6). The results showed that genotype of M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) has high  productivity. Genotype M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1) has  high weight  per fruit and resistant to fruit cracking. Genotype M4/495 GL2-8-10 (U2), M4/495 Kemir 1- 4-7 (U3), M4/495 STBGL 1-2-3 (U1) M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and  M4/495 STBGL 1-2-9 (U1) have the lowest incidence of bacterial wilt (0.00%). Two genotypes which have high productivity and resistant to fruit cracking are M4/495 Lombok 1-9-2 (U2) and M4/990 Lombok 1-5-1 (U1), and to be evaluated in a preliminary yield trial.<br /><br />Keywords: bacterial wilt, fruit cracking, genotype, yield<br /><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Lettuce Using Fermented Products as Organic Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Kareen Lynn E. Negado
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fermented Products

This study evaluates the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) utilizing various fermented products as organic fertilizers. Growth performance is determined through the plant’s weight and leaves and significant differences in growth among various treatments: (a) fish trash, (b) scrap seaweeds, (c) kangkong, and control groups urea (positive) and water (negative) was also determined. Kangkong leaves are fermented for 10 days, fish trash for 14 days and 1 month for seaweeds. Lettuce seeds are sown before transplanting (15 days after germination) into pots and placed in raised beds. Randomized complete block design is utilized in the experiment. Growth performance is measured through the number of leaves 10, 20, and 30 days after transplant and mass of plant upon harvest. After 30 days, the lettuce was harvested. Based on the findings, the soil and fermented products are acidic and the needed organic matter for optimum growth of lettuce are not sufficient as well as some nutrients of the fermented products. Among the organic fertilizers, kangkong at 30 ml performs best in terms of the growth performance of lettuce. Urea performs best in terms of the mass upon harvest. Significant differences exist in the mean number of leaves of lettuce treated with various amounts of organic fertilizers with the plants that receive urea. Lettuce produce more number of leaves and with the highest mass upon harvest when treated with urea compared with organic fertilizers applied after 30 days from transplant. Keywords: fermented kangkong; fish trash; growth performance; lettuce; scrap seaweeds

scholarly journals 79 Seeing the whole picture: Utilizing GPS technology to determine distance and time calves devote to walking post-weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
And Control

Abstract Common weaning practices in today’s beef industry involve discontinuation of the cow-calf social and nutritional bond. When this bond is discontinued, atypical behaviors of walking and vocalizing are immediately observed in the calf that negatively affect calf welfare. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide an opportunity to quantify the effects of animal activity on welfare. Utilizing GPS technology, we are able to determine total distance walked, speed, total time walking, or total time not walking and the interactions with calf production. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a familiar trainer animal on calf production during weaning and more specifically, common weaning behaviors such as walking utilizing a Garmin® product. A total of 80 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were used in this study. In all four replications, heifer calves were allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), trainer animal or control (TR, CON) on the day of weaning. Calves in the TR group were placed on pasture at weaning with the familiar trainer animal, and control calves were placed in a similar size pasture without a trainer animal. Each calf was also fitted with their own GPS collar that recorded on days 0, 7, and 14 relative to initiation of the study for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a familiar trainer animal decreased the distance calves walked (P = 0.001) as well as the amount of time calves were walking (P = 0.001). Placing a familiar trainer animal with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of different herbicides on weed invasion in the fields of triticale

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Sharifi Ziveh ◽  
Vahid Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
And Control

Abstract One of the factors limiting crop growth is weeds. The weeds lead to a reduced performance of the crops. Chemical control methods are considered appropriate for controlling weeds. Therefore, in the fight to control weeds in triticale, the performance of the dual-purpose herbicide sulfosulfuron(Apirus®), mesosulfuron + idosulfuron(Atlantis®), metsulfuron methyl+sulfosulfuron(Total®) with surfactant and isoproton + diflufenican(Panther®) from the sulfonylurea group, and narrow leaf herbicides clodinafobpropargyl( Topik®), pinoxaden(New Axial®), diclofop-methyl(Iloxan®), pinoxaden + clodinafob-propagyl (Traxos ®), fenoxaprop-pethyl + mefen-pyper-d-ethyl(PumaSuper®), tralkoksidim(Grasb®) with 1 liter oil, flam-prop-m-isopropyl(Suffix BW®), and control treatment without herbicides were evaluated. The test was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spraying was carried out using a back sprayer. For evaluation of ocular damage, the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) standard method was used. According to the performed studies, the narrow leaves of wild oat and barnyard grass were the dominant weeds. Results showed that all herbicide, except the herbicide tralkoksidim, were effective in weed control. The triticale yield was maintained with the use of these herbicides and none of herbicide had an adverse effect on the crop. In the first weeks of herbicide use, the triticale leaves appeared pale but this problem resolved over time. It seems that the herbicides discussed in this paper can be used on the triticale plant.

scholarly journals Impact of paddy straw mulch on germination and growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings and associated weeds in nursery

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
A. S. Brar ◽  
P. K. Sraw ◽  
B. S. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Germination And Growth

A study was undertaken during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2014–15 to 2016–17 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to determine the effect of paddy straw mulch load and retention time on the germination and growth of celery and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments viz., paddy straw mulch @ 4 and 6 t ha-1 with retention time of 15, 20, 25 days after sowing (DAS), full time retention (60 DAS), and control (without mulch). The results indicated that application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 significantly improved the germination of celery in nursery as compared to no mulch treatment but retention of paddy straw mulch beyond 20 days after sowing suppressed the celery seedlings adversely resulting in lowering seedling population as well as fresh and dry weight of celery seedlings. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 resulted in significantly lower density and dry weight of weeds as compared to control. Further, each successive increase in retention time of paddy straw mulch from 15 DAS to full time retention (60 DAS) through 20 and 25 DAS significantly reduced the weed population in celery nursery.

scholarly journals EXPLOITATION OF NEW CHEMISTRY FUNGICIDES AGAINST CHARCOAL ROT OF SESAME CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASIOLINA IN PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Abid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Muhammad A. Zeshan ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fungal Colony

The current research was conducted to find out the most appropriate concentrations of six fungicides for the management of sesame charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina under lab and field conditions. The treatments viz. Antracol, Topsin-M, Mancozeb, Score, Topas, Nativo and Control with concentrations of 150, 250 and 350ppm were used with three replications under completely randomized design and randomized complete block design in Lab. and field conditions respectively. The mean colony growth of all treatments expressed that Nativo exhibited minimum colony growth of (0.93 cm) as compared to Score (1.14 cm), Topsin-M (1.42 cm), Mancozeb (1.77 cm), Antracol (2.04 cm), Topass (2.33 cm) correspondingly. The interaction between treatments and concentrations (T×C) showed that  used concentrations 150 ppm, 250 ppm and 350 ppm of Nativo abundantly inhibit fungal colony growth upto 1.26 cm, 0.86 cm and 0.66 cm respectively whereas the interaction between treatments and days expressed that after day ninth the minimum colony growth (1.23 cm) was observed for Nativo as compared to all other treatments. Similarly, the interaction between concentrations and days expressed highest fungal colony growth at concentration 150 ppm on day third (2.06 cm), sixth (3.02 cm) and ninth (3.65 cm) but the interaction of treatments, days and concentrations expressed that at 150 ppm concentration, all treatments exhibited minimum colony growth (1.70 to 3.30) cm at third, sixth and ninth day as compared to 250 and 350 ppm concentration respectively with respect to control (6.90 cm). In filed conditions, Nativo exhibited minimum Mean Disease Incidence (12.55%) whereas the interaction between treatments and days showed minimum of 14.95%, 12.82% and 9.90% disease incidence by Nativo as compared to all other treatments including control (66.86%, 77.57% and 87.22%) after day tenth, twenty and thirty. It was concluded that Nativo is significantly inhibiting the colony growth under lab and filed conditions.

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