scholarly journals Thyroid Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Assosciation

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Mai Hassan Hafez Ahmed ◽  
Rasha Mohammed Abd Elmageed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are closely related. Numerous studies have reported an increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetic patients, especially in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the numerous underlying mechanisms behind the relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction in order to demonstrate that the correlation between these two prevalent conditions is unlikely to be a coincidental finding. Review: Diabetes and Thyroid disorders are characterized by endocrine system dysfunction. Thyroid hormones influence glucose metabolism in different ways, for example, they increase absorption of glucose from the gut, increase GLUT-2 level, regulate energy balance, and cause increased lipolysis which ultimately raises glucose levels in the body. Furthermore, thyroid hormones interact with adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, to affect glucose metabolism. Additionally, studies suggest that hyperthyroidism impairs diabetic glycemic control, whereas hypothyroidism increases the risk of hypoglycemia, further complicating diabetes management. Conclusion: This paper emphasizes thyroid abnormalities, if left untreated, can raise the risk of several diabetes complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, and can worsen diabetic symptoms. As a result, treating subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism in diabetic individuals can be advantageous. Therefore, a systematic method for early thyroid testing in diabetic patients to avoid severe complications is highly recommended.

scholarly journals A Study to Evaluate the Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
P. Amulya Reddy ◽  
K. Saravanan ◽  
A. Madhukar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the QOL of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: This was a prospective, observational study. Duration of Study: The study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2021 in Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad. Methodology: Patients of either sex with ≥1year history of diabetes willing to give the consent were included in the study. Patients of either sex with <1year history of DM, Pregnant/lactating women and patients not willing to give the consent were excluded from the study. Data on Blood glucose levels (FBS, PPBS) and HbA1C was also obtained and assessed. QOLID questionnaire was administered to the patients and assessed which consisted of a set of 34 items representing 8 domains such as Role limitation due to the physical health, Physical endurance, General health, Treatment satisfaction, Symptom botherness, Financial worries, Mental health, and Diet satisfaction). Results: A total of 200 patients were analysed in the study,108(54%) were males and 92(46%) were females. The average age of the patients was 58.5 years with majority being 51-70years (73.5%) of age. Patients with higher age and females had poor QOL compared to others. The correlation between various categorical variables with that of scores of QOL in various domains was assessed, Age of the patients influenced QOL score in various domains like RLPH (p value-0.038), PE (p value-0.0183), and SB (p value-0.0002), Gender has influenced QOL score in domains like RLPH (p value-0.0008), PE (p value-0.0106), TS (p value-0.0005) and Educational Qualification has influenced QOL score in RLPH (p value-0.0008), GH (p value-<0.0001), TS (p value-<0.0001), E/MH (p value-<0.0001). Conclusion: The results concluded that overall QOL was noticeably low in Diabetic patients especially in Women and elderly thus indicating that Diabetes management is not restricted to treatment but also requires attention on QOL of patients.

scholarly journals Study of Electrolyte Levels in Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Qadri Rasyid ◽  
Muawanah Usman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group B

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder / disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) with changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the body due to disruption in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. These metabolic changes affect the concentration of electrolytes. Electrolytes contained in the body play an important role in many body processes, such as controlling fluid levels, acid base balance (pH), nerve conduction, blood clotting and muscle contraction. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the most common macroelectrolytes and correlate with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the prevalence of diabetes and its relationship to electrolyte concentrations in 28 subjects, divided into two groups: group A consisted of 14 diabetic patients in Labuang Baji Hospital and group B consisting of 14 non-diabetic subjects. The results of the research conducted showed that serum electrolyte levels (Na +, K +, Cl-) for the control were all in the normal range. In contrast, serum electrolyte (Na +, Cl-) levels have two patients who have Na + electrolyte levels below the normal range.  

PROPORTION OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Shubhendu Kumar Suman ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Uday Narayan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low T3

Type 2 diabetic patients show thyroid disorders that may aggravate the metabolic imbalance. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective study was conducted among 100 diabetic patients (cases) which were compared with age and sex matched 50 non-diabetic control subjects. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were measured. Fasting Plasma glucose and Post Prandial blood glucose is also measured. The result of this prospective study showed, the diabetic patients in the present study although clinically euthyroid show a low level of circulating T3 to which the term “ Low T3 syndrome”given. But there is high prevalence of thyroid disorders in the diabetic population in other studies which indicates that the screening for thyroid disease among diabetic patients should be routinely performed.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Status Assessment

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more prone to thyroid disorders. Hypothyroidism in them leads to an aggravation of microvascular complications. Diabetic patients with hypothyroidism also are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients will allow early treatment of hypothyroidism. Methods: All patients were evaluated for thyroid status; assessment of T3, T4 and TSH levels and Blood glucose levels and HbA1c. Results: 22.00% patients were present with subclinical hypothyroidism, 18.00% patients were present with hypothyroidism and 4.00% patients present with hyperthyroidism Conclusion: Screening for thyroid disease disease among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed for early detection and treatment of thyroid dysfunction to delay the complications of diabetes Keywords: Thyroid, Type-2DM, Complication

scholarly journals New ways of diabetes management with smart data and genomic data

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Kurt Becker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Smart Data ◽  
Abstraction Levels

AbstractBy 2025, the number of diabetic patients worldwide could rise by more than 50 percent from now 250 million to about 380 million. With about 6 million patients, diabetes mellitus is one of the greatest national diseases in Germany.Type 1 diabetes is a mostly genetically induced autoimmune disease, type 2 diabetes is a civilization disease and arises due to lack of exercise and poor diet. Regardless of the type of diabetes, it is important for those affected to manage their own insulin production of the body and to harmonize these with appropriate possibilities. Because of the harmful side effects of exogenous insulin doses, the major focus should be on a sustainable behavioral change and low-threshold nutritional coaching.The most important side effects of diabetes are damage to the vascular system with possible consequences: myocardial infarction, stroke, kidney weakness, nasal damage and erectile dysfunction. A concept for a knowledge-based expert system for the therapy of diabetes mellitus is presented, in which genetic, anatomical and physiological parameters are recorded, evaluated and visualized by means of a model-based approach to specific therapeutic recommendations. The "user interface" is a digital avatar, which can display the model parameters in various "abstraction levels" as a metamodel.

scholarly journals Assessment and Identification of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2403-2406
Author(s):  
Kalpana ◽  
Manjunath ◽  
Neelima Ganzi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Nosocomial infections are the causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Diabetes mellitus constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders seen mostly in above 25 years age in both genders. In DM patients uncontrollable glucose levels are seen. Due to the high glucose levels the body is more prone to infections and the antibiotics are necessary to treat the infections if the antibiotics are not used in a proper way the microorganism get easily resistance to the drug. The study aims to assess the infection & sensitivity of antibiotics in Type-2 DM. The objective of the study is to delineate the infections associated with diabetes mellitus and antibiotics sensitivity in diabetes patients.  It is a retrospective observational study conducted in 160 patients for a period of 6 months at RDT hospital, Bathalapalli. The demographic data & study related data was collected by using data collection forms. The results revealed that Diabetes is risk factor for the infections. Infectious diseases are more frequent and/or serious in patients with diabetes mellitus, which potentially increases their morbidity and mortality. In the Current study diabetes was more among the male gender compared to female. The hyperglycemic environment favors the immune dysfunction which is reason for increased frequency of infections in diabetic patients. The study conducted showed that people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus increases susceptibility to various types of infections.

scholarly journals COEXISTANCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND THYROID DISORDERS: A VIEW ON DYSFUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Adequate Therapy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus were studied in 196 patients, divided into 4 main groups (hyperthyroidism in patients with diabetes, hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes, euthyroidism in patients with diabetes and diabetes patients without any thyroid pathology). It was found that diabetes and thyroid disorders have been shown mutually influence on each other and proved associations between both conditions. Compensation of thyroid function due to adequate therapy leads to controlled hyperglycemia, positive arterial hypertension disease mode and better diabetes mellitus outcome. Diabetes and thyroid disorders have been shown to mutually influence each other and associations between both conditions have long been reported. Compensation of thyroid function due to adequate therapy leads to controlled hyperglycemia, less frequency of DM and better DM outcome2.Hyperthyroidism as hypothyroidism impairs glycemic control in diabetic subjects, but hypothyroidism patients alter carbohydrate metabolism with inability to gain stable com-pensation of DM compering with euthyroidism and DM without thyroid dysfunction.3.Despite increased levels of BP, both systolic and diastolic, in patients with hypothyroidism group, prevalence of AH 3rdstage and AH complications were significantly higher in hyperthyroidism which requires more strict control of blood pressure levels and AH treatment in this group of patients.

scholarly journals The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients – A study done at a tertiary care center in South India

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Sancy Mary Sam ◽  
Sethu Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
South India ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

It has been noted that in the Indian population the incidence of thyroid disorder is common and its incidence rises with advancing age. Screening for thyroid disorder is indicated for the certain high risk patients such as elderly and those already having other endocrinal disorders There are various studies that have shown a finding that a higher than normal prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic patients, of which hypothyroidism is the commonest disorder Owing to this we at the medical college at south India decided to evaluate the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and also to compare the level of thyroid dysfunction in the younger and the older population.Department of surgery, medicine and Pharmacology at Al Azhar Medical College Thodupuzha, Kerala, India for a duration of 3 years on 300 patients. The present study was an observational study during the period of study, the test subjects patients having diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals (Controls)coming for regular health check-up with no co morbidities detected were included in this study as controls.In the non -geriatric age group the mean age was 49.6 years SD + 8.15 years and in the geriatric age group the mean age was 68.78 years SD + 4.83 years. The commonest age group in the study was between the age of 61-70 years with of the study population. The age group in the present study ranged between the age of 30 years and 79 years. The incidence of diabetes mellitus increased with age, but the control of sugars is better with age thyroid dysfunction was as follows 20% had hyperthyroidism (36%) hypothyroidism. There is a linear increase with the prevalence of thyroid disorders with age with a r= 0.77 and p &#60; 0.05.The incidence of thyroid dysfunction also increased with age As compared to the non -geriatric group which was the incidence higher in older age group p &#60; 0.05.This study reveals about at least one in three who have DM are suffering from thyroid dysfunction, that increases with increasing age and uncontrolled sugars in this part of the world, which might warrant routine screening.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jain ◽  
T. S. Marwaha ◽  
A. Khurana ◽  
P. S. Dhoat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder

<strong>Background:</strong>Diabetes has become a major health challenge worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist.<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on 200 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40-70 years. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>&amp;TSH). The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of thyroid disorder, BMI, usage of OHA's and insulin and dyslipidemia was then done. The observations and interpretations were recorded and results obtained were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There was a high prevalence (16%) of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, most common was subclinical hypothyroidism (7.5%) which was further found to be more in females, elderly patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes i.e. HbA<sub>1C</sub> values ≥7 or patients on insulin and patients with BMI &lt;30.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Screening of thyroid dysfunction should be done in all diabetic patients especially in patients with poor diabetic control.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaz Ahmad Telwani ◽  
Zahid Hussain Wani ◽  
Younis Ashraf ◽  
Aejaz Ahmad Shah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist. So, we conducted a study to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls. All the participants were evaluated for thyroid dysfunctions by testing thyroid profile. The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with age distribution, gender distribution, BMI, duration of diabetes and HbA1C was then done.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions were high in diabetic patients compared to controls (29% versus 9%, P value <0.001). Most common thyroid disorder in diabetic patients was subclinical hypothyroidism (16%) while least common was hyperthyroidism (1%). The levels of serum T3 and T4 were significantly low while serum TSH levels were significantly high in diabetic group compared to control group. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetics were significantly more in patients with age ≥ 50 years, more in females, more in patients with BMI ≥ 30 and more in patients with duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years. The association of prevalence of thyroid disorders with HBA1C was not significant.Conclusions:Current study showed high prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in diabetic patients. We conclude that screening for thyroid dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed, so as to recognize these dysfunctions early.  

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