scholarly journals The Role of Participatory Learning and Action on Strengthening the Different Domains of Empowerment on Self-medication with Antimicrobials in Nyalenda Informal Settlement, Kisumu County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Isabel Akoth Owuor ◽  
Harrysone Atieli ◽  
Collins Ouma
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Participatory Learning ◽  
Participatory Learning And Action ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Self-medication with antimicrobials (SMWA) is a common global practice. Studies in Nyalenda B Ward, an informal settlement in western Kenya, found that significant households (76.6%) perceived the practice of SMWA as convenient and appropriate. The rationale of the current study was in response to unsolved self-mediation practice through functional health literacy in such set-ups. This study used Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) as a tool and assessed its role on strengthening the different domains of empowerment on SMWA. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and data was collected from 1531 PLA trainees through focused group discussions and structured questionnaires. Results revealed that reasons for SMWA are ignorance and easier accessibility. Logistic regression analyses with a statistical significance tested at p≤0.05 established the association between PLA domains and all empowerment domains revealed that flexible learning and listening increase power within by 5 times (OR=5.361, 95% CI=3.101-9.268, P<0.0001), power with by 6 times (OR=6.160, 95% CI=3.437-11.39, P<0.00010) and power over by 2 times (OR=2.261, 95% CI=1.293-3.954, P<0.0001). Participatory evaluation may increase power within by almost 8 times (OR=7.711, 95% CI=5.184-11.459, P<0.0001), power with by 5 times (OR=5.012, 95% CI=3.375-7.443, P<0.0001), and power over by more than 3 times (OR=3.618, 95% CI=2,375-5,509, P<0.0001). Participatory interaction may increase power within by almost 8 times (OR=7.823, 95% CI=4.798-12.763, P<0.0001), power with by over 8 times (OR=8.610, 95% CI=4.987-14.866, P<0.0001.), power over by 4 times (OR=4.003, 95%CI=2.325-6.693, P<0.0001). PLA proved to be a useful tool for strengthening all domains of empowerment and integrated functions that prompted broader social connections.

E-records readiness at Karonga District Council in Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Flywell Malanga ◽  
Benard CG Kamanga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
District Council ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Regular Training

This study assessed e-records readiness at Karonga District Council (KDC) as one of the local government authorities in Malawi. The study employed a descriptive survey design where a survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Altogether, 56 staff were sampled randomly and purposively. The staff comprised principal officers, records clerks, ICT personnel and other action officers. The study revealed that e-records readiness at KDC was low and evolving as evident by the presence of e-record products and technologies, which were largely inadequate and obsolete. The study also established that there was inadequate and poor adherence to policies, standards and procedures for e-records management practices. Furthermore, responsibilities for e-records management were not clear. There was no established records management programme. Therefore, the study recommends the development of e-records management policy; recruitment of more staff; regular training in e-records products and other emerging technologies; mobilization of more resources required for management of records; and increasing awareness of the role of records management. This should be supported by the top management at the District Council and the Ministry of Local Government at large.

scholarly journals Common Dressing Styles and Attributes Associated with Students’ Dressing Styles in Kenyan Public Universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Otieno Gladys Akinyi ◽  
Susan Abong’o ◽  
Keren Mburugu
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The study sought to examine students’ dressing styles and common attributes assigned to them. A descriptive survey design was used in this study. The study areas were the University of Nairobi, Egerton University, Moi University, Technical University of Mombasa, Maseno and Karatina Universities. Multiple sampling procedures were used to select 566 students who participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and observation checklists. Results show that majority of respondents bought their own clothes with funds provided by the parents or guardians. The most outstanding feature that informed choice of dress was aesthetics, followed by comfort and design. Vests, bare chest tops and shorts were considered modest while high-slitted skirts, miniskirts, unbuttoned shirts, boob-tops, tumbo-cuts, skin-tight dresses and trousers and Bermuda shorts were found to be immodest. Recommendations have been made to develop guidelines on the choice of dress for students in institutions of higher learning to enhance personal grooming.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Unmet Expectations of Undergraduate Students on the Role of Counselling in Academic Achievement: Implication for Academic Development Program Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Okoh Iyeke ◽  
Lucky Chukwunalu Onyema ◽  
Ezekiel Uba Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Unmet Expectation ◽  
Counselling Needs ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study aimed at evaluating the perceptions of students about the role of counselling and unmet expectation ofundergraduate students. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The participants (N=150) recruited from firstand second year students of Institute of Education in the University. Over 81% of students are aware of counsellingservices and affirm the relevance to academic achievement. However, 69% cannot affirm provision of roadshows toenhance awareness. The proportion of students disagreeing on provision of roadshows to enhance awareness mayimply non-utilization of available academic development program and unmet counselling needs that calls for areview.

scholarly journals Effects of Inaccessibility of Sanitary pads on Academic Performance of Girls in Primary Schools in Njoro Sub-County

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Wambui Alice; Charles Nyamwaya; Kimani Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of inaccessibility of sanitary pads on the academic performance of girls in primary schools in Njoro Sub-County. The survey targeted girls in primary schools in Njoro sub-county. Primary school girls do not do well in academic performance and also do not participate fully in school activities, and so the study sought to find out the causes for this. A descriptive survey design was applied in the study. Questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used to collect data from the girls and female teachers. The target population was 4595 class 6-8 girls in Njoro Sub –County and 858 female teachers. A sample of 101 girls was selected for the study using simple random sampling to pick the specific girls. 87 Female teachers were sampled using purposive sampling. The data was analysed through descriptive statistics, tables and charts were also used for presentation. The conclusion was drawn from the findings and recommendation for further research was made.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AT KOMENDA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Paul Arkorful ◽  
Nana Adam-Yawson ◽  
Sylvester Insaidoo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Purpose: This study explored the nature of guidance and counselling services available for the students in Komenda College of Education. Methodology: The descriptive survey design was used for the study. A sample of 185 students consisting of 95 level 200 students and 90 level 300 students were sampled from the population. The major instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. Questionnaire was used because it is the most appropriate instrument that could be used to collect data on the variables for the study. Content-related evidence of validity was established for the instrument. The researchers personally administered the questionnaire.  The entry of quantitative data and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings: The results from the study showed that guidance and counselling services were vibrant and visible in Komenda College of Education. The study revealed that Seventy-five per cent (75%) of the respondents claimed that attitudes of Guidance and Counselling Coordinators and Tutors were very appropriate for counselling services. All types of guidance and counselling services were rendered in the college. The study further revealed that some students had negative attitudes towards accessing guidance and counselling services. Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: The researchers therefore recommend that, school authorities should be provided with needed logistics for effective guidance and counselling services in schools and colleges. Also, there should be in-service trainings and refresher courses and seminars for guidance and counselling coordinators to up-date their skills in guidance and counselling. Finally, the Ghana Education Service should organise periodic educational programmes for both teachers and students on the role of guidance and counselling in schools and colleges.

The labour of communicating publics: Participatory platforms, socio-technical intermediaries and pluralistic expertise

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Swist ◽  
Liam Magee ◽  
Judy Phuong ◽  
David Sweeting
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Participatory Platform ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Collaborative Knowledge

Kolorob is a participatory platform connecting informal settlement communities with services and informal jobs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Alongside technological systems, expertise from community, non-government, private-sector, volunteer and academic fields has been integral to the platform’s development. These socio-technical connections and networks, manifest through participatory design, agile software development and collaborative knowledge practices, have become productively entangled in the labour of platform production. We introduce a framework, participatory platform analysis, through which distinct layers – in the form of audiences, intermediaries, interfaces and databases – of this labour can be distinguished and examined. Our analysis draws upon focus group discussions, conducted in Mirpur in 2016 with emergent experts: youth facilitators, field officers and developers. We argue that the interests and tensions of co-designing participatory platforms relating to matters of public concern in South Asian mega-cities are reflective of the rising hybridity of expertise, generated through both institutional training and grass-roots practice, in contemporary urban life. The ‘narrative of expertise in the future’ compels us to recode knowledge production in the here and now: how we are making participatory platforms, the role of socio-technical expertise and the labour of communicating publics.

scholarly journals Towards Achieving Organisational Objectives: The Role of Effective Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Edward Owusu ◽  
Mahdi Mardani
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This paper investigated communication as a tool for achieving organisational objectives. Again, the paper explored the influence that communication has on the operations of organisations. The study adopted descriptive survey design. A simple random sampling technique was used in sampling a sample size of 35 staff from the staff of Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA), Suame-Maakro, Branch, Kumasi, Ghana. The main instrument used for collecting data was questionnaire. The findings showed that spoken or oral communication is the dominant channel of communication that is often used at that workplace. The findings also revealed that the views of employees need to be considered when choosing the right channel of communication. Again, it was realized that poor leadership prevents organisations from achieving their objectives. Effective channel of communication was seen to have a positive influence on the performance of workers. Consequently, managers should be proactive when they are choosing communication channels. The study recommended that the management of GRA, Suame-Maakro Branch should employ measures that would enhance the effective use of spoken or oral communication.

scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of Streetism among Street Children in Harar City, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Sofiya Endris ◽  
Galata Sitota
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
City Street ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The purpose of this study was to investigate the life of Harar City street children. In view of that, the following research questions were forwarded; what are the major causes that make children leave their homes for the streets? Do street children use psychoactive substances? What type of psychoactive substance do street children use? Based on these basic questions, descriptive survey design including quantitative and qualitative data gathering approaches were employed. Questionnaires and interviews were thus used to solicit information from 57 street children. The data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and frequency whereas the data gathered through interview were analyzed through narration. As the Study revealed, the major causes which forced children to runaway are ranging from escaping abusive parental punishment followed by poverty, hate of step parents to parental alcoholic behavior. Benzene sniffing, smoking, chewing chat, use of plastic are some of the substance abuse street children have commonly used. Even some of them also reported as if they have already begun using marijuana and hashish pretending to stand with hunger and cold. The research also distinguished as there are two types of street children. These categories include the street children who have completely lost touch with their families and relatives and entirely live on the streets and street children who have contact with their families. The study recommends how to properly address street children’s socio-economic and psychological problems. For further studies, it is also recommended that research should be undertaken to explore the role of streetism in psychological wellbeing of street children.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence and Access to Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Maureen Pacho ◽  
Kennedy Mutundu
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Gender based violence (GBV) consequences on women economic empowerment within Kenya are immensely widespread. Nakuru East Sub County, in particular has reported many cases of GBV. The aim of this study was to examine effects of gender-based violence on the women access to education. This investigation was guided by Ecological theory and a descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. Using a questionnaire, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews, the results are based on achieved response of a group of 40 women, 2 chiefs and 2 officers in charge of children protection unit and 3 CSOs Staff. Study findings indicate that there was notable impact of GBV on women access to education in Nakuru East. Cases of school dropout as a result of teenage pregnancies, Early marriage, child labour, and giving preference to boys in education were top on the findings. Empowerment of women reduces the unequal power relationship between women and men which has been identified as the root cause of GBV.

scholarly journals Role of Intergenerational-interpersonal Communication in the Performance of Red Crescent Society Staff in Tehran Province

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Descriptive Survey

INTRODUCTION: The most important, useful, and cost-effective way to attain organizational goals is the improvement of intergenerational-interpersonal communication among different generations of employees in the workplace. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the role of intergenerational-interpersonal communication in the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran (age range of 20-40 years) in 2019. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province (n=160). The participants were selected via the census method. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect data, and SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis. FINDINGS: Based on the results, the variables and dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication were significantly and strongly correlated with the performance of 50s-70s-generation employees of the Red Crescent Society of Tehran province. In other words, the employees' performance will be enhanced with an improvement in the dimensions of intergenerational-interpersonal communication. CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, effective intergenerational-interpersonal communication skills training should be considered one of the goals of stakeholders. Moreover, groupism and relationship solidarity are among the effective factors influencing employee performance. This solidarity can be significantly improved by the establishment of intimate relationships, membership in groups, interaction, face-to-face communication, social status, appropriate expectations, necessary trust, participation in decision-making, and managers' acceptance of individual differences.

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