scholarly journals Gas Flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria and Sustainability Development Goal Framework: Qualitative Survey of the Health Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim I. Obi ◽  
Phillip T. Bwititi ◽  
Ezekiel U. Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Background: Petroleum exploitation and production have resulted in various environmental, socio-economic, political and health problems. This study is part of ongoing research to evaluate sustainability development goal in host communities of gas flaring operations. Objective: The research purposes to generate thematic opinions of the community regarding the risks associated with gas flaring and evaluate the mitigation and adaptation programs of government and oil and gas companies in the Delta region, Nigeria. Methods: This was qualitative with a quantitative component utilizing a survey of 8 open-ended and 2 semi-quantitative questions. Sample size was N = 488 and participants were over 18 years old. Thematic analysis adopted word cloud, followed by thematic aggregation and quantification. Results: The response rates were 99.2%, 76.2%, 75.4% and 70.1% for Sections B, C, D, and F, respectively. Over 66% reported negative impacts of gas flaring including specifications of some health problems and stress and respiratory problems were most common. Lack of opinion e.g. on how oil and gas companies liaise with the community (47%) and on how government liaises with companies (63%) were observed. Conclusion: While the majority of respondents had opinions, they however lacked knowledge regarding what the government and/or oil and gas companies could do on mitigation and adaptation on negative impacts of gas flaring. This therefore calls for awareness campaign and health promotion in the affected communities.

scholarly journals Community Awareness of Health Problems Associated with Gas Flaring and Programme to Mitigate

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim I. Obi ◽  
Phillip T. Bwititi ◽  
Ezekiel U. Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government

Background: Gas flaring, which occurs as part oil and gas operations results in release of gaseous toxins into the environment thus has a negative impact on the host communities including fauna, flora and humans. Previous studies focused mainly on the contribution of gas flaring to environmental pollution but not on human health. This article assesses disease prevention and treatment programs for ill-health associated with gas flaring. Methodology: This research followed a mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Qualitative data comprised open-ended questions that sought the thematic views of community on how the companies liaise with either community and/or government, and what they would want the companies to provide to alleviate the health effects of gas flaring. Chi square and correlations were used on quantitative data to determine agreements and statistically significant differences of responses by participants from the questions that were set on Likert scales. Outcome: Chi-square showed statistically significant difference (X2 = z76, p < 0.017), when distribution of responses to Question-1 (Benefit of oil company to the community) and Question-4 (Oil companies awareness of potential health problems in the community) were compared. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected i.e. there is association between variables and awareness of prevalent ill-health due to gas flaring are responded to with preventive and treatment programs. Conclusion: This notes that there is a relationship between awareness of health problems and intervention and also a lack of capacity among the communities’ low-mid social class to appropriately dialogue with the government for change.

American and Canadian Civil Actions Alleging Human Rights Violations Abroad by Oil and Gas Companies

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Horlick ◽  
Joe Cyr ◽  
Scott Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Political Question ◽  
The U.S

Under the United States Alien Tort Statute, which permits non-U.S. citizens to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for human rights violations that are violations of the law of nations, plaintiffs have filed claims against multinational oil and gas corporations for the direct or complicit commission of such violations carried out by the government of the country in which the corporation operated. In addition to exercising jurisdiction over U.S. corporations, U.S. courts have exercised jurisdiction in cases involving non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside the U.S.The exercise of jurisdiction by U.S. courts over non-U.S. defendants for alleged wrongful conduct against non-U.S. plaintiffs committed outside of the U.S. raises serious questions as to the jurisdictional foundation on which the power of U.S. courts to adjudicate them rests. Defences that foreign defendants can raise against the exercise of jurisdiction by the U.S. courts are an objection to the extraterritorial assertion of jurisdiction, the act of state doctrine, the political question doctrine, forum non conveniens, and the principle of comity. These defences are bolstered by the support of the defendant’s home government and other governments.

scholarly journals An investigation into respiratory health problems of workers at stone crushing industries in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ehtesham Kabir ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
Md. Taufikuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The Government

Purpose Occupational exposure to dust is a major health and safety concern for workers in developing countries. Such laborers are often exposed to dust without being aware of its threat to their health. In the process of crushing stone, mineralogical materials are released into the environment. The material includes dust, fumes, ashes or other industrial waste which may constitute toxic elements. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the respiratory health problems of stone crushing industry workers in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional descriptive research study was conducted by adopting a multi-method approach. Data were collected by use of a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, in-depth interview and spirometric examinations. Focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys were conducted among 240 workers. The respondents were divided in six groups for the spirometric examination. The questionnaire was formulated by following standards set by the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease questionnaire and European Coal and Steel Community. Data on respondent’s height, weight and smoking habits were collected by using a structured checklist. Meanwhile, lung functions were assessed by spirometry. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the data. Findings The results show that there was a significant relation between respiratory problems and inhalation of dust and particulate matter and cigarette smoking. It also shows that coughing was the most common problem among the respondents. The majority of respondents suffered from obstructive types of respiratory problems. Originality/value Findings of the study reveals that chronic exposure to dust at stone crushing plants increases the risk of respiratory problems and the impaired lung function of workers. It also reveals that there is a significant relation between respiratory problems and inhalation of dusts and cigarette smoking. Raising awareness about health risks amongst workers could reduce these health hazards. The government should make a national policy for the prevention, control and elimination of silica exposure and silicosis. The results would help to raise awareness of the issue. Finally, it would raise awareness on respiratory health problems of workers at stone crushing industries in Bangladesh and help the government to make a policy for the prevention, control and elimination of silica exposure and silicosis, and thus enhancing public health policy and practices in the country.

Mozambique debt crisis will overshadow FRELIMO victory

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Funding Programme ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Campaign Financing

Subject Mozambican debt revelations. Significance President Filipe Nyusi’s grip on the ruling FRELIMO has been strengthened after his and his party’s convincing (albeit disputed) election victory last month. Nevertheless, the poll triumph has quickly been eclipsed by recent US court revelations surrounding a long-standing hidden debts scandal, which has implicated leading FRELIMO figures. Nyusi’s embattled government hopes that economic developments will soon dominate the headlines as it ramps up major new liquefied natural gas (LNG) investments and attempts to convince the IMF to initiate a new funding programme. Impacts The government-RENAMO peace agreement will come under increasing pressure after evidence of FRELIMO-associated election fraud. Maputo's political and fiscal woes mean oil and gas companies will have free reign to implement their preferred investment plans. Civil society pressure for greater campaign financing transparency will prove fruitless amid FRELIMO resistance over the short term.

Libyan politics may rattle the oil sector yet again

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Significance Libya’s hydrocarbons sector has seen a period of relative stability since the end in 2020 of eastern military commander Khalifa Haftar’s military offensive against Tripoli and the formation of the Government of National Unity in early 2021. Oil and gas revenues are central to the national budget -- and their control and distribution are focal points of political contention. Impacts The main risk to oil production in 2022 is the possibility of a renewed political crisis triggered by elections. Prompt payment of salaries and fees will remain important to discouraging private security forces from closing down oil infrastructure. Foreign oil and gas companies will become more cautious about new investment.

Reshuffles open way for reform of China's oil sector

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Subject Outlook for China's oil sector. Significance China's 'big three' oil companies have this month announced changes to their top management. The three companies have been under pressure from corruption investigations, and the collapse in global oil prices has weakened them financially. The latest reshuffles reveal the importance of politics in shaping the behaviour of China's oil and gas companies, and with it the competitive landscape of China's energy industry and global oil and gas mergers and acquisitions. Impacts There will be partial consolidation of some NOC assets, but 'mega-mergers' are unlikely. China's oil and gas companies will invest overseas with more robust government backing. Sinopec and CNPC will focus on upgrading refining capacity to meet more stringent fuel quality standards. Foreign investors will find new opportunities as the NOC's sell assets and the government opens the sector to private firms.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING A MEASUREMENT SCALE FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION AMONG OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abba Ya'u ◽  
Natrah Saad ◽  
Abdulsalam Mas'ud
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Inefficient tax system causes the government to lose a huge amount of revenue. Tax administrators are primarily responsible for collecting taxes due from taxpayers following the relevant tax laws and regulation in a way that instils confidence on taxpayers through efficient tax administration. This paper aims at validating relevant and reliable measurement scale for assessing the effectiveness of tax administration efficiency in dealing with oil and gas companies operating in the Nigerian oil sector. Hence, an adapted questionnaire comprising four items was administered on 300 local and multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria. All the items were subjected to evaluations and validations by eight experts’ reviewers with cognate experience in oil and gas activities. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the measures of tax administration efficiency was performed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS version 3.8. The results provide evidence that the proposed tax administration efficiency scale attained reliability and validity criteria. Consequently, Policymakers, practitioners and researchers can adapt this scale to assess the effectiveness of tax administration efficiency by companies in different jurisdictions across the globe. This study expands existing literature and contributes new ideas to the subject area. By implication, the validated scale will assist oil and gas producing countries to come up with policies that ensures efficiency in tax administration and increase government revenues.

scholarly journals Community health perspective of gas flaring on communities in Delta region of Nigeria: narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Nkem Obi ◽  
Alero Akuirene ◽  
Phillip Bwititi ◽  
Josiah Adjene ◽  
Ezekiel Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Gas Flares ◽  
Comprehensive Study

<p>The Nigerian gas flares emit as many imaginable pollutants that cause several health concerns. However, there is no comprehensive study done on the health impact of gas flaring on humans in Delta state. Hence, this paper seeks to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health and the knowledge of gas flaring in the communities of Delta region of Nigeria. Following a non-systematic approach to develop this narrative, <strong>s</strong>tudies that link various diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease to gas flaring in the region, the risk perception and the policies and regulations were examined. Findings from most of the papers reviewed show an association between gas flaring and the diseases identified and prevalence of most of the diseases in oil and gas communities compared to areas where gas flaring is not practiced. In conclusion, insufficient data on the prevalence and association of diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease with gas flaring were some of the gaps identified. These results necessitate the need for epidemiological studies on the health effects of gas flaring on humans.</p>

scholarly journals The Transnational Role of Foreign Companies in the Upstream Sector of Oil and Gas in Indonesia: pre-Gross Split Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yulida Nuraini Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

This article aims to explain how and why foreign oil and gas companies carry influence over the government in the upstream oil and gas sector. It looks at the troubling issue of domination in Indonesia particularly before the Gross Split mechanism was introduced. From a transnational point of view, states and non-states continuously attempt to overpower the other to gain the most from this industry. Although the roles and obligations of foreign oil and gas companies are strictly regulated, domination is still visible in areas of cost recovery to add to the weak domestic market resulting in an asymmetric competition. Market failures have become increasingly alarming as liftings continue to fail to reach the national quota. Using the introduction of the Gross Split mechanism as a turning point, this article looks back at how transnationalism has translated into this sector. This article is of the view that the lack of effort to enrich knowledge bases, enforce the adoption of appropriate technology and prepare its domestic market for healthy competition, has brought it further away from addressing its underlying issues.

scholarly journals Study proposal of the impact of gas flaring on health of communities in Delta state Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim Obi ◽  
Phillip Bwititi ◽  
Ezekiel Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstract">Gas flaring is the continuous discharge of gaseous fuel into the atmosphere during oil and gas operations. Over the past years, there has been an increased concern of the impact of gas flaring on the environment and recently on human health. The impact of gas flaring in Niger Delta, Nigeria is of local and global environmental concern. The uncontrolled and wasteful flaring of gas has caused negative impacts on the flora, fauna and human health and livelihood in the region. Reports indicate that gas flaring in Nigeria contributed more greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere than the combined contribution of gas flaring on GHGs in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The GHGs emitted during gas flaring contribute significantly to global warming which may result in sea level rise and hasten the effects of climate change. Gas flaring, commonly carried out by oil exploration companies in Nigeria poses a hazard to the health of populations and environment by pollution, warming and release of GHGs. This study seeked to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health in Delta region of  Nigeria.</p>

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