scholarly journals Community health perspective of gas flaring on communities in Delta region of Nigeria: narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Nkem Obi ◽  
Alero Akuirene ◽  
Phillip Bwititi ◽  
Josiah Adjene ◽  
Ezekiel Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Gas Flares ◽  
Comprehensive Study

<p>The Nigerian gas flares emit as many imaginable pollutants that cause several health concerns. However, there is no comprehensive study done on the health impact of gas flaring on humans in Delta state. Hence, this paper seeks to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health and the knowledge of gas flaring in the communities of Delta region of Nigeria. Following a non-systematic approach to develop this narrative, <strong>s</strong>tudies that link various diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease to gas flaring in the region, the risk perception and the policies and regulations were examined. Findings from most of the papers reviewed show an association between gas flaring and the diseases identified and prevalence of most of the diseases in oil and gas communities compared to areas where gas flaring is not practiced. In conclusion, insufficient data on the prevalence and association of diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease with gas flaring were some of the gaps identified. These results necessitate the need for epidemiological studies on the health effects of gas flaring on humans.</p>

scholarly journals Gas Flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria and Sustainability Development Goal Framework: Qualitative Survey of the Health Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim I. Obi ◽  
Phillip T. Bwititi ◽  
Ezekiel U. Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Background: Petroleum exploitation and production have resulted in various environmental, socio-economic, political and health problems. This study is part of ongoing research to evaluate sustainability development goal in host communities of gas flaring operations. Objective: The research purposes to generate thematic opinions of the community regarding the risks associated with gas flaring and evaluate the mitigation and adaptation programs of government and oil and gas companies in the Delta region, Nigeria. Methods: This was qualitative with a quantitative component utilizing a survey of 8 open-ended and 2 semi-quantitative questions. Sample size was N = 488 and participants were over 18 years old. Thematic analysis adopted word cloud, followed by thematic aggregation and quantification. Results: The response rates were 99.2%, 76.2%, 75.4% and 70.1% for Sections B, C, D, and F, respectively. Over 66% reported negative impacts of gas flaring including specifications of some health problems and stress and respiratory problems were most common. Lack of opinion e.g. on how oil and gas companies liaise with the community (47%) and on how government liaises with companies (63%) were observed. Conclusion: While the majority of respondents had opinions, they however lacked knowledge regarding what the government and/or oil and gas companies could do on mitigation and adaptation on negative impacts of gas flaring. This therefore calls for awareness campaign and health promotion in the affected communities.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snowpack of Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region as indicators of anthropogenic source influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya ◽  
O. B. Popovicheva ◽  
V. O. Kobelev ◽  
D. P. Starodymova ◽  
V. P. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Gas Flares ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

A study of the content and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the solid fraction of the snowpack is carried out on the territory of the Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region, the north of Western Siberia. The total content of ten three-six nucleus PAHs was determined in the 51 samples collected at various distances from oil and gas producers and roads, near settlements, and in remote Arctic areas. The total PAH content varies from the lowest 0.3 ng/mg on the Bely Island, increasing to ~ 5 ng/mg in areas of new gas fields, and up to high 15 ng/mg in cities. Characteristic features of PAHs composition under the influence of gas flares emissions in central areas of high technogenic load are identified; they are a total content of up to 144 ng/mg and enrichment with low- molecular weight PAHs. In remote Arctic regions, high-molecular weight 5–6 nucleus PAHs dominate. Profiles of individual PAHs near gas flares, roads and residential sector facilities have been determined. The percentage contribution of the sum of 3, 4 and 5, 6-nucleus PAHs to the total PAH content indicates the gas flaring impact. Ratios of fluorantene to pyrene and benzene(b)fluorantene to benzene(ghi)perylene indicate changes in the snow PAHs composition with a decrease in the gas flaring contribution. The data obtained for the assessment of gas flaring emission impact on the PAHs composition in the snowpack are relevant to polar areas where new fields are being developed.

scholarly journals Impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis of Delta State Nigeria: a comparative survey of environment health effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Omatseye Alero Akuirene ◽  
Josiah O. Adjene ◽  
Nkemdilim I. Obi ◽  
Ezekiel Uba Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
Toxicity Indices ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis, relative to other communities of Delta is of interest. This study assessed the environmental impact of gas flaring in Ubeji metropolis of Delta State. The objective of this study is to study the comparative assessment of the environmental impacts of gas flaring on five communities of unequal distance from gas flaring site.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Questionnaire survey was used to evaluate three research questions that included the level of knowledge in the survey communities regarding health impact of gas flaring; prevalence level of assessed health conditions in Ubeji metropolis relative to communities farther from or nearer to Warri gas flaring site; and perceived impact of gas flaring on air quality indicated by health and environmental toxicity indices.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Descriptive evaluation of data shows Ubeji appears to have the highest proportion of persons suffering respiratory problems, but the figure for family members is less than some other communities. The respondents nearer flaring site show more awareness compared to those farther away. Critical evaluation showed no directional change in prevalence of disease linked to gas flaring. There is linear relationship between ‘distance to gas flare site’ and ‘toxic impact on air quality’.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This report submits further data to the discourse that, on the basis of nearness to gas flaring site, there is significant difference between communities experience of environmental and health impact.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Public Health Impact of Environmental Pollution in Areas with Gas Flares

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nkemdilim I. Obi ◽  
Phillip T. Bwititi ◽  
Ezekiel U. Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Gas Flares

Background: A variety of pollutants are discharged during gas flaring and these are detrimental to animals and the environment. These pollutants are linked to a range of adverse health impacts including cancer, neurological, reproductive and developmental effects. Furthermore, some of the pollutants such as sulphur dioxide cause environmental issues including acid rain as well as the production of greenhouse gases and this contributes to climate change. This article evaluates the public health impact of environmental pollution in areas with gas flares.  Methodology: This research followed a mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Descriptive statistics were followed with frequency distribution of respondents to the Likert scaled questions. The nominal knowledge level of respondents was determined from their Likert scaled responses to questions. ANOVA comparisons were made between the subgroups of demographic factors to determine differences in knowledge level. MANOVA was also carried out to determine the influence of educational and social levels as well as duration of stay in the community. Outcome: Evaluation of the nominal knowledge level of respondents determined from Likert scale shows no statistically significant differences between demographic subgroups. Further, ANOVA of nominal knowledge between educational subgroups shows gradient increase but no statistical difference. Conclusion: The community has knowledge on the negative impact of gas flaring. This report increases understanding of community awareness about the effects of gas flares on the environment and health.

scholarly journals Potential Underestimation of Satellite Fire Radiative Power Retrievals over Gas Flares and Wildland Fires

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanath Sathyachandran Kumar ◽  
John Hult ◽  
Joshua Picotte ◽  
Birgit Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Gas Flares ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Fire Radiative Power (FRP) is related to fire combustion rates and is used to quantify the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. FRP over gas flares and wildfires can be retrieved remotely using satellites that observe in shortwave infrared (SWIR) to middle infrared (MIR) wavelengths. Heritage techniques to retrieve FRP developed for wildland fires using the MIR 4 μm radiances have been adapted for the hotter burning gas flares using the SWIR 2 μm observations. Effects of atmosphere, including smoke and aerosols, are assumed to be minimal in these algorithms because of the use of longer than visual wavelengths. Here we use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Landsat 8 observations acquired before and during emergency oil and gas flaring in eastern Saudi Arabia to show that dark, sooty smoke affects both 4 μm and 2 μm observations. While the 2 μm observations used to retrieve gas FRP may be reliable during clear atmospheric conditions, performance is severely impacted by dark smoke. Global remote sensing-based inventories of wildfire and gas flaring need to consider the possibility that soot and dark smoke can potentially lead to an underestimation of FRP over fires.

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SPILLS AND OIL-RELATED POLLUTION IN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017177
Author(s):  
Eloamaka Carol Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Pollution associated with oil and gas exploration causes huge environmental damage. It is mainly caused by oil spills, gas flaring, effluent discharge and human error and these impacts on health, environment, and culture, economic and social activities of people. Recently, spills appear to be the main cause of oil-related pollution because many countries have worked hard to reduce flaring which is also a major source of pollution in the industry. In Nigeria, pollution from exploration activities is mainly caused by oil spills and gas flaring[1]which had led to many problems including health complications such as serious respiratory problems cancer, kidney and liver problems or even deaths, destruction of farmlands, fishing industry, tourism facilities and cultural areas. It has also led to community conflicts, violence and frustration, militancy, reduction in tourism and hospitality industries, and loss of biodiversity and destruction of habitats. This paper holistically looked at these impacts and examined them in the context of the Niger Delta situation. It generally raises and seeks to provide answers to some important questions: why are these problems grave in Nigeria and the role the negative impacts had played in anti-social behaviour, crises and criminality in the Niger Delta? In answering the questions, the paper examines actions taken by stakeholders to ameliorate the impacts while making few references to other jurisdictions where appropriate. It concluded that the impacts of spills and oil-related pollution are one of the main reasons why militancy and other societal ills have taken the centre stage in the Niger Delta. It recommends a more tailored solution in dealing with oil pollution and problems caused by it.

Kidney Disease among People Who Are Incarcerated

2021 ◽  
pp. CJN.01910221
Author(s):  
Matthew Murphy ◽  
Ann Ding ◽  
Justin Berk ◽  
Josiah Rich ◽  
George Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Community Standard

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of US adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD disproportionately impacts certain populations, including racial and ethnic minorities and individuals from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. These groups are also disproportionately impacted by incarceration and barriers to accessing health services. Incarceration represents an opportunity to link marginalized individuals to CKD care. Despite a legal obligation to provide a community standard of care including the screening and treatment of individuals with CKD, there is little evidence to suggest systematic efforts are in place to address this prevalent, costly, and ultimately fatal condition. This review highlights unrealized opportunities to connect individuals with CKD to care within the criminal justice system and as they transition to the community, while underscoring the need for more evidence-based strategies to address the health impact of CKD on over-represented communities in the criminal justice system.

scholarly journals Egg Intake in Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Tallman ◽  
Sharmela Sahathevan ◽  
Tilakavati Karupaiah ◽  
Pramod Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
The Impact

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often instructed to adhere to a renal-specific diet depending on the severity and stage of their kidney disease. The prescribed diet may limit certain nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium, or encourage the consumption of others, such as high biological value (HBV) proteins. Eggs are an inexpensive, easily available and high-quality source of protein, as well as a rich source of leucine, an essential amino acid that plays a role in muscle protein synthesis. However, egg yolk is a concentrated source of both phosphorus and the trimethylamine N-oxide precursor, choline, both of which may have potentially harmful effects in CKD. The yolk is also an abundant source of cholesterol which has been extensively studied for its effects on lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Efforts to reduce dietary cholesterol to manage dyslipidemia in dialysis patients (already following a renal diet) have not been shown to offer additional benefit. There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of egg consumption on lipid profiles of CKD patients. Additionally, egg consumption has not been associated with the risk of developing CKD based on epidemiological studies. The egg yolk also contains bioactive compounds, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin D, which may confer health benefits in CKD patients. Here we review research on egg intake and CKD, discuss both potential contraindications and favorable effects of egg consumption, and describe the need for further research examining egg intake and outcomes in the CKD and end-stage renal disease population.

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