scholarly journals To Study Dermoscopic Findings in Alopecia Areata

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Kovi Sneha ◽  
Jayakar Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclamation Mark

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a common chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that involves hair follicles, characterized by hair loss on the scalp and/or body without scarring. Clinically, the disease presents as smooth, patchy hair loss with various patterns - diffuse or reticulate alopecia, ophiasis, ophiasis inversus, alopecia totalis (loss of hair all the scalp), or alopecia universalis (loss of hair all over the body). Clinical diagnosis of AA is made based on typical pattern of hair loss and the presence of characteristic exclamation mark hair in microscopy. Invasive (punch biopsy) techniques are often required in some cases where the clinical diagnosis is not straight forward Biopsy shows peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrates in a “swarm of bee pattern” which is characteristic of the acute stage of the disease. Dermoscopy is an imaging instrument that immensely magnifies surface features of skin lesions. It works on the principle of illumination and transillumination of skin with different light sources and studying it with a high magnification lens. Dry dermoscopy was done with heine delta 20 dermoscope which was followed by wet dermoscopy. Liquid paraffin was used as the immersion media. It is a noninvasive, repeatable, recordable bedside investigation. Objective: To study dermoscopic findings in alopecia areata. Materials and Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study; Study Area: Skin Outpatient Department, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital; Study Population: All patients with hair loss, attending skin OPD, who are clinically diagnosed as Alopecia Areata; Study Method: Observational study; Sample Size: 30. Results: Clinically, the disease presents as smooth, patchy hair loss with various patterns. Dermoscopy is useful for diagnosis of AA clinically by the presence of cadaverized hairs (black dots), circle hair, coudablity hair, exclamation mark hairs (tapering hairs), broken hairs, yellow dots and clustered short vellus hairs in the hair loss areas. The results wear tabulated.

Nonscarring Alopecia and Hypopigmented Lesions May Be Unusual Signs of Secondary Syphilis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ciupińska ◽  
Justyna Skibińska ◽  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Leszek Blicharz ◽  
Maja Kotowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Exclamation Mark ◽  
Benzathine Benzylpenicillin

Noncicatricial patchy alopecia of the scalp and focal areas of skin hypopigmentation imply a diagnosis of alopecia areata and vitiligo. We present a case of a 22-year-old patient in whom these symptoms were associated with positive spirochete reactions, which allowed making a diagnosis of syphilitic alopecia coexisting with leukoderma syphiliticum. Skin lesions and hair loss resolved after the treatment with benzathine benzylpenicillin. Trichoscopy in syphilitic alopecia is nonspecific, but the absence of features typical for alopecia areata such as exclamation mark hairs may be important on an early stage of the clinical workup.

Childhood Alopecia Areata: An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam L. Hon ◽  
David C.K. Luk ◽  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Chantel Ng ◽  
Steven K.F. Loo
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Topical Treatments ◽  
Clinical Queries

Background: Alopecia Areata (AA) is a systemic autoimmune condition which usually starts in childhood. Objective: This article aims to review genetics, therapy, prognosis and recent patents for AA. Methods: We used clinical queries and keywords of “alopecia areata” AND “childhood” as search engine. Patents were searched using the key term “alopecia areata” in Patents.google.com and freepatentsonline.com. Results: Due to an immune mediated damage of the hair follicles, hair is lost from the scalp and other areas of the body temporarily or even permanently. Children with AA are generally healthy. Evidence of genetic association and increased predisposition for AA was found by studying families with affected members. Pathophysiologically, T- lymphocytes attack hair follicles and cause inflammation and destruction of the hair follicles and hair loss. In mild cases, there would be well demarcated round patchy scalp hair loss. The pathognomonic “exclamation mark hairs” may be seen at lesion periphery. In more severe cases, the hair loss may affect the whole scalp and even the whole body. The clinical course is also variable which may range from transient episodes of recurrent patchy hair loss to an indolent gradually deteriorating severe hair loss. The treatment of AA depends on factors including patients’ age, extent of the hair loss, duration of disease, psychological impact, availability and side effect profile of the treatments. For localized patchy alopecia, topical application of corticosteroids and/or intralesional corticosteroids are the treatment of choice. Other topical treatments include minoxidil, anthralin, coal tar and immunotherapy. In severe resistant cases, systemic immunosuppressants may be considered. Although herbal medicine, acupuncture, complementary and alternative medicine may be tried on children in some Asian communities, the evidence to support these practices are lacking. To date, only few recent patents exist in topical treatments including Il-31, laser and herbal medications. Clinical efficacy is pending for these treatment modalities. Conclusions: None of the established therapeutic options are curative. However, newer treatment modalities including excimer laser, interleukin-31 antibodies and biologics are evolving so that there may be significant advances in treatment in the near future. AA can be psychosocially devastating. It is important to assess the quality of life, degree of anxiety, social phobia and mood of the patients and their families. Psychological support is imperative for those who are adversely affected psychosocially.

scholarly journals Frontier in hair loss and trichoscopy: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtisam Elghblawi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Exclamation Mark ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Hair Diseases

<p>Skin surfaces have always been examined using dermoscopy, a familiar tool which is useful to magnify and examine skin especially in cases of pigmented skin lesions. However, to examine the hair and scalp, a practical tool called trichoscopy has surfaced recently and has proven to be handy and functional in diagnosing most hair-related diseases. It is also referred to as dermoscopy of the hair and the scalp. It can aid in assessing active diseases in the scalp and hair, such as yellow dots, dystrophic hairs, cadaverized black dots, white dots, and exclamation mark hairs – all of which denote specific criteria for hair diseases. Trichoscopy is a very newly developed non-invasive technique for hair image analysis. It permits non-invasive visualization of hair shafts at higher intensification (about ×70 and ×100) and enables measurement of hair shaft width without the need for removing hair for diagnostic reasons. Moreover, it helps <em>in vivo</em> visualization of the epidermal portion of hair follicles and perifollicular epidermis (orifices). Consequently, it is valuable as it permits the inspection of structures that are otherwise not seen by the naked eye. Trichoscopy is the new frontier for the diagnosis of hair and scalp disease. Nowadays, a trichoscope is considered a must for dermatologists and it is a hot topic in the treatment of hair diseases. There is pooled evidence that the utilization of trichoscopy in the clinical setting for evaluating hair disorders can improve its diagnostic capability beyond simple clinical scrutiny. Trichoscopy can identify both hair shaft and hair opening abnormalities without the need for hair sampling, as well as distinguish between different scalp and hair diseases. Furthermore, it can give easy and quick evaluation of the hair with a follow-up to determine progress and prognosis of the disease with photos. It can also aid in some genetic hair shaft dystrophies such as trichorrhexis nodosa, trichorrhexis invaginata, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili torti. The limitation of trichoscopy is that it needs prior knowledge to apply it effectively in order to mandate an efficient use by correctly interpreting the findings and their significance. In cases where there are unsettled discrepancies, a histopathological investigation is needed. The interest in trichoscopy has vastly increased and has become an indispensable tool in evaluating patients with hair loss. The aim of this review is to supplement existing knowledge on trichoscopy with recent readings of different scalp and hair conditions that are commonly encountered in clinical settings.</p>

Disorders of Hair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q Del Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

scholarly journals Hair Follicles from Alopecia Areata Patients Exhibit Alterations in Immune Privilege-Associated Gene Expression in Advance of Hair Loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 2677-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Kang ◽  
Wen-Yu Wu ◽  
Blanche K.K. Lo ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Gigi Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Immune Privilege

scholarly journals Role of Non Androgenic Factors in Hair loss and Hair Regrowth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Poor Growth

Multiple nutritional, environmental and lifestyle factors can directly affect hair follicles, to weaken and make them sensitive to the action of androgens. Hair loss can be corrected and hair growth can be improved by addressing these non-androgenic factors. Patients having hair fall, thinning, loss of volume and poor growth can be precursors to androgenetic alopecia. Recent research has shown that androgens inhibit hair growth through release of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) ß1. Further study of this mechanism reveals that generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced by androgens leads to release of TGF ß1 and use of ROS scavengers can block the release of TGF ß1, explaining beneficial role of antioxidants in hair growth. The binding of ROS to intracellular proteins also causes hair loss by altering the protein structure, changing their immune recognition and converting them to new antigens targeted by inflammatory and immune systems. Calorie restriction and individual micronutrient deficiencies lead to a new process of intracellular destruction or autophagy before cell apoptosis, which could explain cessation of hair growth. Telogen is not a resting phase but now defined as active conservation of follicles under unfavourable conditions. Thus any stress, trauma, metabolic change or insult causes telogen. Micronutrients zinc, copper, selenium maintains immunity, control inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity of the cells. Vitamins A, C, D have a role in phagocytosis and antibodies maintaining resistance. Vitamin D3 modulates the hair-inductive capacity of dermal papilla cells. Vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among all the population of the world. Nutritive value of the foods has reduced over the years by 30%. Endocrine Disrupting chemicals are creating further damage to the hormonal balance of the body. All these can be countered by use of antioxidants and a well-planned nutritional program which will ensure strengthening and regrowth of hair follicles, without the use of Finasteride.

scholarly journals The development of universal alopecia during therapy with TNF-α inhibitors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: description of three cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
M. V. Kireeva ◽  
E. M. Agafonova ◽  
A. E. Dimitreva ◽  
K. V. Sakharova ◽  
S. O. Krasnenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factors ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Alopecia areata (АA) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease characterized by increased hair loss as a result of morphological and functional changes in hair follicles. АA is divided into four main forms, among which the most severe is the universal form (UA), in which complete hair loss is possible throughout the body. Alopecia in the practice of a rheumatologist can occur with some systemic diseases of the connective tissue, with the use of high doses of chemotherapy drugs and, more recently, with the use of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α). The article presents 3 clinical cases of the development of UA during therapy with TNF-α. Possible mechanisms are discussed, as well as the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of this condition.

28620 The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived hair loss and stress in a cohort of alopecia areata patients: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. AB48
Author(s):  
Chloe J. Walker ◽  
Kelly E. Flanagan ◽  
James T. Pathoulas ◽  
Isabel Pupo Wiss ◽  
Abby Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Trichoscopy of Alopecia Areata: Hair Loss Feature Extraction and Computation Using Grid Line Selection and Eigenvalue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sunyong Seo ◽  
Jinho Park
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Grid Line ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Vellus Hairs

Recently, the hair loss population, alopecia areata patients, is increasing due to various unconfirmed reasons such as environmental pollution and irregular eating habits. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for preventing hair loss and scalp self-diagnosis by extracting HLF (hair loss feature) based on the scalp image using a microscope that can be mounted on a smart device. We extract the HLF by combining a scalp image taken from the microscope using grid line selection and eigenvalue. First, we preprocess the photographed scalp images using image processing to adjust the contrast of microscopy input and minimize the light reflection. Second, HLF is extracted through each distinct algorithm to determine the progress degree of hair loss based on the preprocessed scalp image. We define HLF as the number of hair, hair follicles, and thickness of hair that integrate broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs.

scholarly journals Effective management of indralupta (alopecia areata) with jalaukavacharan - a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5th) ◽  
Author(s):  
Likhita Sureshrao Dhage ◽  
Pournima Daware
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Effective Management

 Panchkarma is said to be best treatment for disease curing by its root. According to Acharyas it is said that untreatable diseases can be treated with Raktamokshan . Raktamokshan is fifth karma among Panchkarma. Indralupta came under kshudra rogas.  Indralupta (alopecia areata) is the disease where hair loss in patient in the form of patches  over scalp is seen. Considering etiopathogenesis of Indralupta Vyadhi, Raktamokshan is said to be best treatment. In this case report, patient with Indralupta over scalp is treated with Jalaukavacharan. It not only work on localized hair loss but also promote hair follicles to grow new hairs.

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