scholarly journals Public Attitude and Perception about Analgesic and their Side Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Maria Abdul Ghafoor Raja ◽  
Shuaa Saad Al-Shammari ◽  
Nawaf Al-Otaibi ◽  
Muhammad Wahab Amjad
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Analgesic Use

Introduction: Analgesics are substances which work in various ways to relieve different types of pain experienced in the body. Non-prescription over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are widely used by patients to control pain and fever. Study Objective: To evaluate of knowledge, attitudes and practices about analgesic and their side effects. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted during a period of three months from September to December 2017 in Rafha and Riyadh - Saudi Arabia on a random sample of 237 Saudi people, the data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire in the Arabic language. Statistical analysis was done by using MS EXCEL using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 237 participants out of 260 consented to be interviewed and completed the questionnaire with a response rate (91%). Their ages ranged between 18 years and 54 years with a mean (28) and standard deviation (7.9). Majority of participants were females (92%) and about two thirds (66%) were highly educated. A quarter of study participants (25%) do not read leaflet of analgesic before use. About one-fifth of respondents (20%) reported that they cannot stop taking analgesic even if the pain is mild. 12% and 36% of respondents always and sometimes, respectively, use more than one type of analgesic for pain relief. 10% of respondents reported the occurrence of side effects from analgesic. The respondents use analgesic mainly for headache (43%) and toothache (25%). The chronic disease for which participants take analgesic were mainly arthritis (39%) and migraine (30%). About three-quarters of respondents (74%) were aware that the use of analgesic is accompanied by side effects. The respondents believed that the reasons for analgesic misuse are that analgesic easily obtained without a medical prescription (40%) and there is no educational or awareness program regarding analgesic use (33%). Majority of participants believed that there is no sufficient awareness about analgesic. The source of information about analgesic for participants is physician (24%). Panadol analgesic is the most commonly used analgesic (48%) reported by participants. Results showed that there is a significant statistical difference between male and female regard analgesic use (P=0.048) and between different level of educations and analgesic use (P=0.334). Also, there is a highly significant statistical difference between male and female regard reading the leaflet before taking analgesic (P=0.0001) and between the educational level of participants regarding reading the leaflet before analgesic use (P=0.0008). Conclusion: The over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic drugs are commonly used and many patients are unaware of their side effects. The findings of this study showed that people's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding analgesic use is poor. Also, it is important to improve people's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding analgesic use to reduce the misconceptions and misguided expectations contributing to inappropriate analgesic use. Therefore, health professional practice should play a major role in people's awareness of the appropriate use of OTC analgesic drugs.

scholarly journals Izometric effort in the balance stance of handball throw

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Alexandru Andrei Gherman ◽  
Leon Gomboș ◽  
Adrian Pătrașcu ◽  
Sergiu Pop
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Isometric Effort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strong Relation

Abstract Postural balance plays an important role in high performance sports. The line between success and failure may be decided at such a small scale. In handball, postural balance may affect the accuracy of every technique that a played use, especially the throwing of the ball towards the goal. Our study aimed to identify the degree of influence that izometric effort has over the balance stance during a handball throw. Subjects: 210 1st year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Babeș-Bolyai University from Cluj-Napoca, were involved in this study. The subjects were both male and female, with the ages between 18 and 21 years old, with and without former performance athlete background. Materials: We’ve conducted the balance test using the AMTI NETforce BP 400600 force platform and the actual isometric exercises were completed in the same laboratory. Two types of planks and a half-squat were used as the isometric exercises. Results: There was no significant statistical difference between the balance variables before and after isometric exercises while holding the ball in hand. There was a significant statistical difference between the displacement before and after for the position without the ball. Conclusion: There is no impact of the isometric effort over the balance stance while holding the handball ball in the throwing position. We’ve identified a strong relation between the isometric effort and the balance stance without the ball in hand.

scholarly journals Drug use in Ghana: knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes in a small group of elite student sportspersons

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ato A. Brown ◽  
Kingsley K. Asare Pereko ◽  
Sebastian Eliason
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Tertiary Student ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Abused Drugs

Summary Study aim: This study assessed the level of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of tertiary student athletes on doping issues. Emphasis was placed on the knowledge of substances found on the prohibited list of the World Anti- Doping Agency (WADA) as well as the potential effects and side effects of the drugs when consumed. Material and methods: The study was conducted in elite tertiary student sportspersons who had qualified in their various disciplines to represent Ghana at the 2011 World University Games in Shenzhen, China. Results: The study found that these sportspersons had significantly higher levels of knowledge of socially abused drugs that also appeared on the WADA prohibited list, such as cocaine (90.9%, p<0.01), heroine (90.9%, p<0.01), cannabis (87.9%, p<0.01) and steroids (72.7%, p<0.05), as compared to drugs that are not socially abused. There was also a large gap in knowledge among respondents with regard to specific knowledge about the possible effects and side effects of banned substance. Of these sportspersons, 30% had received some form of education on doping agents; however, there was no significant statistical difference in knowledge between respondents that had received some form of education and those that had not. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that sporting authorities would have to intensify their efforts to provide tertiary school athletes with credible and up-to-date information on doping issues. These interventions may also need to be extended to the wider sporting populace.

scholarly journals School Age Gender Gap in Reading Comprehension

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Christy L. Pagal ◽  
Jhon Kevin A. Mirafuentes ◽  
Quennie C. Ypanto
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Reading Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reading Comprehension Skills

Students’ reading comprehension was found to be one of the major concerns with all teachers worldwide. It is essential to optimize students’ performance in all courses. Yet, we claimed that gender, and reading attitudes and practices could influence reading comprehensibility. We utilized descriptive-correlational design of quantitative research. Descriptive design was used to obtain the attributes of students’ reading attitudes and practices. Moreover, we used a correlational design to determine the relationship or association between and among attributes and their level of reading comprehension skills. We found out that students have a positive attitude towards reading when reading materials are educational and entertainment. In terms of the significant relationship between reading attitudes and practices, results reveal that reading attitude does not always affect reading practices. In terms of the relationship between student’s reading attitudes and practices and their levels of reading comprehension skills, student’s reading attitudes and practices have no significant relationships to all levels except between their reading attitudes and their comprehension skills in the Inferential Level. Lastly, in terms of the significant difference between male and female students’ reading comprehension skills, there is a statistical difference in the Literal and Evaluative Levels between the male and female. Thus, reading comprehension skills vary in these two levels. On the other hand, they showed no statistical difference in the Inferential and Critical Levels between the male and female. Therefore, the Literal and Evaluative Levels of male and female to reading comprehension skills are due to their reading attitudes and practices individually.

scholarly journals A prospective observational study involving three fixed infusion regimens of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support during spinal anaesthesia for caesarian delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Aymen Masood ◽  
Ajaiz Rasool ◽  
Aabid Hussain Mir ◽  
Waqurl Neesa ◽  
Ayaz Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Phenylephrine Infusion

Background: Spinal anaesthesia used in caesarian section is associated with hypotension which can have maternal and fetal side effects. To determine the efficacy and ideal dosing of Phenylephrine in attenuating the hypotensive episodes during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: 100 patients were allocated to four groups, placebo group (PE 0) and 3 fixed phenylephrine infusion regimens, phenylephrine 25 μg/min-1 (PE 25), phenylephrine 50 μg/min-1 (PE 50), and phenylephrine 75 μg/min-1 (PE 75). Blood pressure, heart rate were noted among primary variables and fetal parameters like umbilical blood pH and lactate were recorded as secondary parameters.Results: There was a significant reduction in heart rate with increasing the infusion dosage of phenylephrine, with a mean of 86.8 beats/min at the end of procedure in placebo group and 69.4 beats/min in 75 μg group (p value <0.001). There was significant statistical difference among systolic blood pressure in the four groups after 7 min of the procedure and p-value of <0.05 with better attenuation of hypotension in infusion groups as compared to placebo. Similarly there was significant statistical difference in diastolic blood pressure among the four groups after 8 min of the procedure with p values <0.05.Conclusions: Prophylactic phenylephrine infusions reduced the incidence and severity of maternal pre-delivery hypotension. Among the fixed rate phenylephrine infusion regimens investigated, infusion rates of 50 μg/min-1 were associated with greater maternal hemodynamic stability compared with 25 and 75 μg/min-1, with minimal side effects and intervention.

Evaluating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adults on food safety: a cross-sectional sample from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Göbel ◽  
Nevin Şanlier ◽  
Sine Yilmaz ◽  
Onur Toka ◽  
Büşra Açikalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the levels of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of consumer. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,161 volunteers were included in this study, which has been developed to measure the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adults on food safety. Study data were collected through an online survey technique. Findings A statistically significant difference was determined between male and female participants and also at the education level considering total food safety attitude and practice scores (p < 0,001). It was determined that university graduates had higher scores at all scales than the median scores. When an assessment was made on the body mass index of the participants, it was seen that the implementation and attitude scales were statistically different from each other, and in paired comparisons on these scales, the average scores of normal-weight individuals were observed higher in the sub-dimensions than slightly obese individuals (p < 0.007; p < 0.001). Research limitations/implications Even though the population of the study was adults living in different cities, the results should not be generalized to all adults and the whole country. Also, the fact that the answers to the questions were not face-to-face, could create a bias. Although the reliability coefficient was found to be high, the data reported by the individuals participating in the study about their behavior formed the study results. Originality/value This study makes an important contribution to the literature. Determining the knowledge, attitude and behavior of consumers about food safety is important in ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Safety of Ultrasound Exposure: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Australasian Sonographers

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Moderiano ◽  
Maureen McEvoy ◽  
Jessie Childs ◽  
Adrian Esterman
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Index ◽  
Thermal Index ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Introduction: While perceived as safe, diagnostic ultrasound has the potential to cause biological effects on the body tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Australasian sonographers on bioeffects and safety of ultrasound scanning. Methods: Focus groups were used to develop a questionnaire to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ultrasound safety, which was then distributed to Australasian sonographers. Thematic (focus groups) and descriptive (questionnaires) analyses were undertaken. Results: A 37-item questionnaire addressed knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ultrasound safety. In 47 collected responses, sonographers demonstrated good familiarity of thermal index (TI) (79%), mechanical index (MI) (68%), and “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) principle (85%). However, most sonographers could not accurately define TI (13%) and had poor knowledge of safety guidelines relating to TI (19%) and MI (14%). Over 30% were uncertain about their attitudes to ultrasound safety issues. While 52% always and 30% most of the time adhere to ALARA, 37% of sonographers reported never monitoring TI and MI. Discussion: While familiar with safety terms, knowledge of safety guidelines was lacking. Many sonographers were uncertain about their attitudes to the safety of scans, and safety practices involving monitoring for bioeffects were not a high priority.

scholarly journals Antibiotics’ Use in Thailand: Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Budh Siltrakool ◽  
Ilhem Berrou ◽  
David Griffiths ◽  
Saleh Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Thailand spends $203 million on antibiotics every year, and patients can still access antimicrobials over the counter without a prescription. Community pharmacy plays a pivotal role in improving access and ensuring the appropriate use of antimicrobials. However, little is known about current practices in this setting. This study aims to assess Thai community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobials’ use and resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangkok and Chonburi province in 2017 using an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 372 community pharmacists (71.4% response rate). The most commonly encountered infections in the community were upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The most commonly dispensed antimicrobials were broad-spectrum antibiotics including aminopenicillins and fluoroquinolones. Thai pharmacists have a good knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding antimicrobials’ use and resistance. They dispense anti-microbials in line with local guidelines, although international guidelines may not indicate anti-biotics for viral self-limiting infections. While community pharmacy in Thailand could be the most accessible healthcare resource for patients, inappropriate provision of antimicrobials for self-limiting viral infections by pharmacists will increase antimicrobial resistance. This highlights the need for updated guidance and improved pharmacists’ training.

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