Revolutionary Approach towards Transdermal Drug Delivery: Ethosomal Gels

The human body is up of the skin which is the largest organ in the body and hence acts as a biological barrier that obstructs drug movement across the stratum corneum into the systemic circulation. The topical drug delivery system serves as a delivery system in which drugs are delivered for systemic circulation through the skin. Low diffusion rate across the stratum corneum is the main disadvantage of this system and for this limitation to be overcome, an Ethosomal formulation can be formulated which acts as a delivery system for the drug to be delivered across the biological barrier of the skin into the body. In ethosomal gel formulation, The prepared Ethosome is converted into a gel that can be applied to the skin what makes ethosomal gel formulation unique which enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation and enhance the delivery of active agents. In addition to this, it is also a malleable vesicular delivery carrier, soft and non-invasive. There is also a higher influx of drugs transdermally into the skin as ethosomal gel formulation allows drug to penetrate deep into the skin and enters systemic circulation. There is the development of new and novel therapies for the treatment of disease through the ethosomal drug delivery system as it is safe and effective and also easy to prepare. Topics ranging from preparation of ethosomes, Ethosomal gel, advantages and disadvantages, and characterization techniques are focused on in this review article.

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MICELLAR MICROPARTICLES: A NOVEL APPROACH TO TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.27506 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monisha Bansal ◽

Shahid Jamil

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Colloidal Particles ◽

Great Depth ◽

The Body ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Poorly Soluble

Topical drug delivery system is defined as the pharmaceutical dosage form which when applied onto the skin provides protection of skin and prevents serious skin disorders. Topical drug are being used for several years and still have its potential in new pharmaceutical technologies investigated. Skin is the most easily accessible organ of the body which has the potential to facilitate the delivery of several drugs with better efficacy, confining the pharmacological or other effect of the drug to the surface of the skin. Micelles are colloidal particles with a size smaller than 100 nm that allow a great depth of tissue penetration for targeted drug delivery, but rapidly disintegrate in the body. Microparticles containing micelles have the potential for delivering hydrophobic drug encapsulated in micelles on the target site in the specific part of the body. Micellar microparticles allow the improvement of solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Microparticles containing micelles have the potential for delivering micelle-encapsulated hydrophobic drugs in targeted therapy. This article reviews the topical drug delivery system, colloidal drug delivery system and aspects and literature reviewed on micellar microparticles and its advantages in pharmaceuticals. An overview of reviews was conducted to locate published literature between 2000 and 2017.

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Niosomes: a promising drug delivery system

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017507003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 07003

Author(s):

Valeria Shakhova ◽

Valery Belyaev ◽

Elena Kastarnova ◽

Vladimir Orobets ◽

Elena Grudeva

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Main Part ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

The Body ◽

Selective Absorption ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Subcellular Level

Targeting is a phenomenon in which the distribution of a drug in the body occurs in such a way that the main part of it interacts with the target tissue at the cellular or subcellular level to achieve the desired pharmacological effect on the selected site without undesirable interactions in other organs. This can be achieved using a drug delivery system such as niosomes, which are non-ionic vesicles of surfactants obtained by hydrating synthetic non-ionic surfactants with the inclusion of cholesterol. They are vestibular systems similar to liposomes that can be used as carriers of amphiphilic or lipophilic drugs. Niosomes are a promising drug delivery tool, and it has been widely evaluated as a possibility of controlled release and targeted delivery of the active substance for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, viral and other infectious diseases. It can be assumed that encapsulation of the drug in the vesicular system prolongs its presence in the systemic circulation and increases the possibility of penetration into the target tissue, possibly reducing toxicity if selective absorption can be achieved.

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LIPOSOMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM – A REVIEW

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ◽

10.31069/japsr.v3i3.2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Anchal Srivastava ◽

Amresh Gupta ◽

Arpita Singh

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Body Part ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Time Range ◽

Liposomal Drug ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Effective Part

A liposome is the drug delivery system which is used for the administration of various types of drugs or active substance(1) are essential for the treatment of various types of disease. A liposome is a very effective drug delivery system to Target the active medicament to an effective part of the body without entrapping or affecting the other body part that's why it is also called the targeted drug delivery system. Liposomes are available in various sizes to the range for treatment to various types of disease as the carrier for targeted the medicament or drug to active site at a predetermined rate & time range, without affecting the other body part for the treatment of a particular disease. they are colloidal spheres of cholesterol non-poisonous surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long-chain unsaturated fats, and even layer proteins and active atoms or it is also called vesicular system. (2) this review discusses the advantages and disadvantages, various methods of preparation, evaluation, etc.

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Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽

Nargish Bano ◽

Tripti Shukla ◽

Neeraj Upmanyu ◽

Sharad P. Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Repulsive Forces

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery. Keyword: Drug-delivery system, Niosomes,

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Creams: A Review on Classification, Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5-s) ◽

pp. 281-289

Author(s):

Lalita Chauhan ◽

Shalini Gupta

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Pharmaceutical Creams

Creams are considered an important part of cosmetic product as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. From cosmetic purposes, Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. These semi solid preparations are safe to use by the public and society. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. However, the natural healing process can take time and there is also risk of infection especially in the early stages of injury. In such cases, medicated creams can be applied to the site of injury to speed up the healing process as well as protect the wound from infection. In this review, we have focused on the use of topical drug delivery system i.e. pharmaceutical creams for wound healing with detailed discussion relating to the wound healing process, suitable methods of preparation of creams, their classification based on their function, their advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and the various types of creams, ingredients used in the formulation of creams and their various evaluation parameters. Keywords: Creams, Skin, Topical drug delivery system, Wound healing

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A Smart and Potential approach for Transdermal Drug Delivery using Microneedles: A Review

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.52711/2231-5659.2021-11-2-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Neha Sharma ◽

Tarun Kumar Sharma ◽

Vinay Pandit ◽

M. S Ashawat

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Materials Used

Transdermal drug delivery system used to transport the drug across the skin deep into systemic circulation. The main advantages of Transdermal drug delivery system improved patient compliance, sustained release, avoidance of gastric irritation, as well as elimination of pre-systemic first-pass effect. But most of therapeutic agents is limited due to thickness of stratum corneum, which act as a barrier for the delivery of various drug molecules and only few molecules are able to reach the action site. Microneedles are the new form of delivery system, which are used to increase the delivery of drug through this route and overcoming the number of problems related to conventional drug delivery system the main aim of this review to focus on new innovation in transdermal drug delivery systems. In the microneedle drug delivery system, the skin is temporarily broken, that creating micron size pathways that deliver the sufficient amount of drug directly into the stratum corneum from which the drug can directly go into the systemic circulation. In this review, we describe different type of microneedles can be solid, coated, dissolving and biodegradable microneedles and their method of fabrication. Microneedles can be manufactured in different forms like hollow, solid, and dissolving. Also describe materials used for fabrication, fabrication techniques, methodology of drug delivery such as Poke and patch, Coat and poke, Poke and release, Poke and flow and evaluation parameters.

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A Review on Emerging Floating Drug Delivery System

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v6i4.8901 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Christe Mary M ◽

Sasikumar Swamiappan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Gastric Residence Time ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Floating Drug Delivery ◽

Floating Drug Delivery System

Presently, various approaches have been exploited in the prolongation of gastric residence time which includes floating drug delivery system (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bio-adhesive systems, modified shape systems and high density systems. Among various methods, floating drug delivery system is considered to be a predominant method. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely varying process and ability to extend and control the emptying time is a valuable resource for the dosage forms. This FDDS is having the ability to provides a solution for this purpose. The FDDS is a bulk density system lower than the gastric fluid, so that the rest will float on the stomach contents for a prolonged period of time and allowing the drug to release slowly at a desired rate from the system and intensifies the bio-availability of the drug having narrow absorption window. The main intension of writing this review on floating drug delivery system is to study the mechanism of flotation to acheive the gastric retention and to discuss briefly about the background of FDDS, advantages and disadvantages, application of FDDS and factors affecting the gastric retension time.

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Recent Applications of Nanoemulsion Based Drug Delivery System: A Review

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00502 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2852-2858

Author(s):

Asif Eqbal ◽

Vaseem Ahamad Ansari ◽

Abdul Hafeez ◽

Farogh Ahsan ◽

Mohd Imran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽

Small Droplet ◽

Pharmaceutical Application ◽

System A

Nanoemulsions are drug transporters for the delivery of therapeutic agents. They possess the small droplet size having the range of 20×10-9-200×10-9m. The main purpose of using Nanoemulsion is to enhance the drug bio- availability of transdermal drug delivery system. With the help of phase diagram, we can select the components of nanoemulsion depending upon formulas ratio of oil phase, surfactant/co-surfactant and water phase. Nanoemulsion directly used as a topical drug delivery in skin organs. The most useable pharmaceutical application has been developed till date to provide systemic effects to penetrating the full thickness of skin organ layer nanoemulsions can be administered through variety of routes such as percutaneous, perioral, topical, transdermal, ocular and parental administration of medicaments. Nanoemulsions are transparent and slightly opalescent. Nanoemulsion can be prepared through various methods. Nanoemulsions are transparent and slightly opalescent. Factor affecting nanoemulsions are surfactant, viscosity, lipophilic, drug content, pH, concentration of each component, and methodology of formulation. It is unfeasible to test all factors at the various levels. Design of formulation when it comes to experimental design it gives an excellent approach through reducing the time and money.

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