scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents by GC-MS and Antitubercular & Antimicrobial Potential of Ceiba pentandra and Parmotrema perlatum against Resistant Strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
K. Varalakshmi Devi ◽  
E. Bhargav ◽  
G. Swaruparani ◽  
M. Vijaya Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Parmotrema Perlatum

Ceiba pentandra and Parmotrema perlatum lichen are two illustrious spices. Apart from their benefit as aromas, These are known for various therapeutic activities. Both are well known as appetizers. Decoctions of theses powders are used to relieve cough, anorexia and helminthiasis etc. Though several studies on antimicrobial activities of these two plants are available, studies on resistant microorganisms and anti tubercular activity are very limited. Hence, the author made an attempt to identify the phytochemical constituents present in methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Ceiba pentandra and Parmotrema perlatum using phytochemical tests and GC-MS method          then to evaluate antibacterial activity against 5 resistant microorganisms by microtitre broth dilution method using ciprofloxacillin & streptomycin as reference standards. Methanolic extracts of Parmotrema perlatum and Ceiba pentandra had shown a considerable antibacterial activity than n-hexane extracts and exhibited 90% growth inhibition against H37Rv resistant strain of mycobacterium at 80 & 320 micrograms/ml respectively. N-hexane extracts of both species were found to be poorly effective against H37 Rv.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Hypogymnia Physodes Extract and its Combinations with Antibiotics Against Enterococci

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
D. V. Tapalsky ◽  
K. M. Kosenkova
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Promising Source

Objective : to study antibacterial properties of Hypogymnia physodes extract and its combinations with antibiotics against vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci. Material and methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the acetone extract of H. physodes for reference and clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were determined by the serial broth dilution method. Evaluation of efficiency of the combined effect of the H. physodes extract in combination with antibiotics was carried out using the modified disc-diffusion method and «chessboard» method. Results. We have revealed marked antibacterial activity (MIC 32-64 mcg/ml) of the acetone extract of H. physodes against vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci and found a synergistic effect (ΣFIC from 0.125 to 0.375) of the combination of the H. physodes extract and aminoglycosides against E. faecalis , including vancomycin-resistant strains. Conclusion. H. physodes is a promising source of compounds with antibacterial activity, further research is required to identify and isolate a secondary metabolite having synergistic activity in combination with aminoglycosides from the lichen extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from North of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghahari ◽  
Zahra Hadadi ◽  
Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background: as possible sources of natural bioactive molecules, the plant essential oils and extracts have been used globally in new antimicrobial compounds, food preservatives, and alternatives to treat infectious disease.Methods: In this research, the antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of Sophora flavescens, Rhaponticum repens, Alhagi maurorum, Melia azedarach, Peganum harmala, and Juncus conglomeratus were evaluated against 8 bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, R. toxicus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. syringae, X. campestris, P. viridiflava) and 3 fungi (Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea), through disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the essential oils of plants with the highest antibacterial activity were analyzed utilizing GC/MS. Moreover, the tested plants were exposed to screening for possible antioxidant effect utilizing DPPH test, guaiacol peroxidas, and catalase enzymes. Besides, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid of these plants was measured. Results: Among the tested plants, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of P. harmala fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Besides, the investigation of free radical scavenging effects of the tested plants indicated the highest DPPH, protein, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase in P. harmala, M. azedarach, J. conglomeratus fruits, and J. conglomeratus fruits, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the greatest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compositions in J. conglomeratus and P. harmala, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicated that these plants could act as a promising antimicrobial agent, due to their short killing time.

Combination Therapy for Bacterial Pathogens: Naturally Derived Antimicrobial Drugs Augmented with Ulva lactuca Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Background: With the growing incidence of microbial pathogenesis, several alternative strategies have been developed. The number of treatments using naturally (e.g., plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, and animals) derived compounds has increased. Importantly, marine-derived products have become a promising and effective approach to combat the antibiotic resistance properties developed by bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, augmenting the sub-inhibitory concentration of the naturally-derived antimicrobial compounds (e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids, terpenes, marine-derived polysaccharides, phenolic compounds) into the naturally derived extracts as a combination therapy to treat the bacterial infection has not been well studied. Objective: The present study was aimed to prepare green algae Ulva lactuca extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Also, revitalize the antibacterial efficiency of the naturally-derived antimicrobial drugs and conventional antibiotics by augmenting their sub-MIC to the U. lactuca extracts. Methods: Extraction was done using a different organic solvent, and its antibacterial activity was tested towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of U. lactuca extracts has been determined towards pathogenic bacteria using the micro broth dilution method. The viable cell counting method was used to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) assay was utilized to examine the combinatorial impact of sub-MIC of two antibacterial drugs using the micro broth dilution method. The chemical components of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. Results: Among all the extracts, n-hexane extract was found to show effective antibacterial activity towards tested pathogens with the lowest MIC and MBC value. Furthermore, the n-hexane extracts have also been used to enhance the efficacy of the naturally-derived (derived from plants and marine organisms) compounds and conventional antibiotics at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. Most of the tested antibiotics and natural drugs at their sub-MIC were found to exhibit synergistic and additive antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial pathogens. Conclusions: The augmenting of U. lactuca n-hexane extracts resulted in synergistic and additive bactericidal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. The present study shows a new alternative strategy to revitalize the antimicrobial activity of naturally derived compounds for treating human bacterial pathogens.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from Northern of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghahari ◽  
Zahra Hadadi ◽  
Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background: The plant essential oils and extracts are possible sources of natural bioactive molecules and have been selected globally for new antimicrobial compounds, food preservatives, and alternatives to treat infectious disease.Methods: In this research, antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of Sophora flavescens, Rhaponticum repens, Alhagi maurorum, Melia azedarach, Peganum harmala, and Juncus conglomeratus were evaluated against 8 bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, R. toxicus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. syringae, X. campestris, P. viridiflava) and 3 fungi (Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) through disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the essential oil of plants with the highest antibacterial activity was analyzed utilizing GC/MS. Moreover, tested plants were exposed to screening for possible antioxidant effect utilizing DPPH test, guaiacol peroxidas, and catalase enzymes. Besides, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid of these plants was measured. Results: Among tested plants, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of P. harmala fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Also, the investigation of free radical scavenging effects of the tested plants indicated the highest DPPH, protein, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase in P. harmala, M. azedarach, J. conglomeratus fruits, and J. conglomeratus fruits, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the greatest amounts of total phenolic, and flavonoid compositions in J. conglomeratus and P. harmala. Conclusion: The results indicated that these plants can act as a promising antimicrobial agent due to its short killing time.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Two Mosses: Calymperes erosum C. Mull and Bryum coronatum Schwaegr from South-Western Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedela P. O. ◽  
Adebiyi A. O. ◽  
Aremu A. ◽  
David O. M.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Bacillus Pumilis

Bryophytes are poikilohydric in nature and the oldest known land plant. Their striking resistance to microbial attack suggests their inherent production of antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of acetone, ethanol, methanol and hexane extracts of Calymperes erosum C. Mull and Bryum coronatum Schwaegr were investigated against twenty clinically important bacteria pathogens. Agar dilution method was used to assess the effectiveness of the extracts on the test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts of C. erosum were between ˂0.625 and ˃5.0 mg/ml. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus pumilis ATCC 14884 and Enterobacter cloaca ATCC 13047 in decreasing order are most sensitive to the extracts while Proteus vulgaris KZN, Staphylococcus aureus OK2 and Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930 were resistant to the extracts. Ethanolic extract was the most effective among the extracts followed by acetone extract. B. coronatum had relatively lower activity. While the mosses screened proved to be promising sources of antimicrobial and biologically active compounds, their toxicity and action mechanism still needed to be investigated.

scholarly journals Screening phytochimique des extraits méthanoliques des feuilles de Combretum collinum et des racines de Anogeisus leiocarpus et effet antibactérien in vitro sur des souches de Staphylococcus aureus multirésistantes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2362-2372
Author(s):  
Moussa Bamba ◽  
Christel Neut ◽  
Simon Bordage ◽  
Soro Dramane ◽  
Jules Kouadio N’guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Plantes Médicinales ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus

Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) et Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae) sont deux plantes de la flore ivoirienne couramment utilisées pour traiter plusieurs pathologies telles que les affections cutanées, le paludisme et la fatigue générale. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation de cette flore. Il vise donc à évaluer l’activité antibactérienne des extraits méthanoliques bruts des feuilles de Combretum collinum et des écorces de racines de Anogeissus leiocarpus sur la croissance "in vitro" des souches de Staphylococcus aureus résistantes à la méticilline. La méthode de diffusion en milieu gélosé (solide) a été utilisée pour évaluer la sensibilité des souches bactériennes aux extraits et à déterminer les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI), Quant au screening phytochimique, il a été réalisé par une chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM). La concentration minimale inhibitrice est comprise entre 0,62 mg/ml et 1,25 mg/ml pour Anogeissus leiocarpus et est de 0,325 mg/ml pour Combretum collinum. Le screening phytochimique a révélé la présence de flavonoïdes et de tanins dans l’extrait méthanolique de Anogeissus leiocarpus alors que dans l’extrait méthanolique de Combretum collinum, ce sont des acides phénoliques qui ont été mis en évidence. Il ressort donc que ces deux plantes sont dotées d’un important pouvoir antibactérien et contiennent plusieurs composés chimiques. Elles pourraient donc constituer des voies de prospection pour la recherche de nouvelles molécules antibactériennes en réalisant une étude bio-guidée des extraits bruts et en évaluant leur cytotoxicité sur des cellules hépatiques saines.Mots clés: Antibactérienne, plantes médicinales, flore ivoirienne, extraits methanoliques English Title: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts from leaves of Combretum collinum and roots of Anogeisus leiocarpus and in vitro antibacterial effect on multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus Both Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) and Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae) are Ivorian national flora plants commonly used in treating skin disorders, malaria, and general fatigue. The current study consists of the valorization of this flora, and aims therefore at revealing antibacterial activity of the methanol crude extracts obtained from stem bark and leaves of the respective plants, against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Agar gel diffusion method was used to assess bacteria susceptibility, and broth dilution method allowed determination of minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs). These parameters varied from 0.62 mg/ml to 1.25 mg/ml for Anogeissus leiocarpus, while they reached 0.325 mg/ml for Combretum collinum. In addition, phytochemical screening brought about flavonoids and tanins for the plant, and phenolic acids for the other one. In conclusion, these named plants contain several chemical compounds with antibacterial properties, and could be of great interest in the search of new molecular compounds provided with antibacterial activity through bio-guided experiments. Furthermore, they could best hold value by testing those methanol extracts over hepatic sane cells for cytotoxicity assessment. Keywords: antibacterial, medicinal plants, Ivorian national flora, methanolic extracts.    

scholarly journals Assessment of Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Effects of Green and Red Cultivars of Roselle- Hibiscus sabdariffa L

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Serifat Olatundun Salami ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Aims: The use of synthetic antibiotics has been the major way of curing diseases; however, over-use of antibiotics has led to emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of several groups of microorganisms. This study aimed at examining roselle extracts for antimicrobial properties with a view to providing the best alternative to the injudicious use of synthetic antibiotics and also examines the toxicological effects of roselle extracts. Methodology: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of roselle leaves and calyces were evaluated for antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) using Broth dilution method. The toxicological effects based on LC50 were also evaluated using Brine shrimp- Artemia salina. Simple percentage was used to determine the mortality rate of the nauplii while the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined using MINITAB 17 statistical package (P<0.05). Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. Results: Roselle calyces, pre-flowering green and flowering red exhibited excellent inhibition to bacteria. Calyces had better antimicrobial activities and higher toxicological effects than the leaves. Green roselle at pre-flowering stage and red flowering were good for antimicrobial screening. Conclusion: Roselle extracts possessed excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties. These can be explored to develop new drugs, which can suppress the resistant strains. All the plant extracts were greater than 1000 mg/mL, which indicates that they were non-toxic to brine shrimp larvae.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Indonesian Local Honey Against Strains of P. Aeruginosa, S. Aureus and MRSA

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Diah K. P. ◽  
Ali Sundoro ◽  
Gentur Sudjatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Broth Dilution

Background: Honey has been used in wound care since ancient times. Many publications attest antibacterial activity of manuka honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, antibacterial effect of local honey from Indonesia has never been studied and compared to medical grade honey before. This study aim to compare antibacterial activity of local honey and manuka honey against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and MRSA.Methods: The honeys were tested for their antimicrobial activities with broth dilution method. Different concentrations of honey were prepared in reaction tubes. Strains of P.aeruginosa, S. aureus, and MRSA were grown in nutrient broth. These strains of bacteria then added to the different concentrations of honey. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) is the lowest concentration of the honey that yielded no growth of bacteria.Results: MIC of local honey for P. aeruginosa is 50%, for S. aureus is 100% and for MRSA is 100%. MIC of manuka honey for P. aeruginosa is 12,5%, for S. aureus is 25%, and for MRSA is 12,5%.Conclusion: Nusantara Manuka have the similar antibacterial activity spectrum against P. aeruginosa, MRSA and S. aureus, but it must be given in greater concentration to exert the same level of antibacterial activity with Manuka honey.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Novel Flouroquinolone Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehul M. Patel ◽  
Laxman J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Anticancer Activities

Objective. Quinolone moiety is an important class of nitrogen containing heterocycles widely used as key building blocks for medicinal agents. It exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacophores and has bactericidal, antiviral, antimalarial, and anticancer activities. In view of the reported antimicrobial activity of various fluoroquinolones, the importance of the C-7 substituents is that they exhibit potent antimicrobial activities. Our objective was to synthesize newer quinolone analogues with increasing bulk at C-7 position of the main 6-fluoroquinolone scaffold to produce the target compounds which have potent antimicrobial activity.Methods. A novel series of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-{4-[2-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-(substituted)-ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized. To understand the interaction of binding sites with bacterial protein receptor, the docking study was performed using topoisomerase II DNA gyrase enzymes (PDB ID: 2XCT) by Schrodinger’s Maestro program.In vitroantibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was studied and the MIC value was calculated by the broth dilution method.Results. Among all the synthesized compounds, some compounds showed potent antimicrobial activity. The compound8gexhibited good antibacterial activity.Conclusion. This investigation identified the potent antibacterial agents against certain infections.

scholarly journals FIRST DESCRIPTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND IN VITRO WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF COCOS NUCIFERA TOMENTUM

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
HARITHA KH ◽  
SUJITHA KUTTINATH ◽  
RAM RAMMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Tof Ms

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro wound healing property of Cocos nucifera tomentum. Methods: Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of C. nucifera tomentum were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction method and aqueous extract was prepared by the shaker flask method. These extracts were investigated for the phytochemical profile by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-ToF MS), for antibacterial activity by microdilution method, for the antioxidant property by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, and for in vitro wound healing activity on cell lines. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and various bioactive components. GC-MS and LC-Q-ToF MS analysis of extracts revealed the presence of bioactive compounds known to have wound healing properties as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The methanolic extract had better antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli, and better antioxidant and wound healing activity, when compared to the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Conclusion: The present study suggests that C. nucifera tomentum might be a potential therapeutic source for topical antibacterial and wound healing applications.

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