scholarly journals Assessment of Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Effects of Green and Red Cultivars of Roselle- Hibiscus sabdariffa L

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Serifat Olatundun Salami ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Aims: The use of synthetic antibiotics has been the major way of curing diseases; however, over-use of antibiotics has led to emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains of several groups of microorganisms. This study aimed at examining roselle extracts for antimicrobial properties with a view to providing the best alternative to the injudicious use of synthetic antibiotics and also examines the toxicological effects of roselle extracts. Methodology: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of roselle leaves and calyces were evaluated for antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) using Broth dilution method. The toxicological effects based on LC50 were also evaluated using Brine shrimp- Artemia salina. Simple percentage was used to determine the mortality rate of the nauplii while the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were determined using MINITAB 17 statistical package (P<0.05). Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. Results: Roselle calyces, pre-flowering green and flowering red exhibited excellent inhibition to bacteria. Calyces had better antimicrobial activities and higher toxicological effects than the leaves. Green roselle at pre-flowering stage and red flowering were good for antimicrobial screening. Conclusion: Roselle extracts possessed excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties. These can be explored to develop new drugs, which can suppress the resistant strains. All the plant extracts were greater than 1000 mg/mL, which indicates that they were non-toxic to brine shrimp larvae.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Solvents on the Growth-inhibitory Activity of Rhazya stricta Extract Against Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab ◽  
Mehrangiz Ghafari ◽  
Sima Saravani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacilli) inflicts large economic losses on the poultry industry and is one of the most important causes of poultry diseases. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to today’s increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains, which their emergence appears to exceed the discovery of new drugs. Therefore, several attempts have been dedicated to find new compounds as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Medicinal plants constitute a rich source for various antimicrobial compounds. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance trend of the E. coli strains isolated from Quail feces samples and to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Eshvarak extract against these strains. Methods: Eshvarak plant was collected from Saravan (Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran) and identified in the botany laboratory of Zabol University. Escherichia coli samples were isolated from poultry feces. Various solvents (methanol (100%), ethanol (100%), water (100%), hydro-alcohol (70%), and ethyl-acetate (100%)) were used to prepare Eshvarak extract. Inhibitory zone diameter was determined in an agar-based medium using a standard procedure. The MIC and MBC of prepared extracts were determined by the micro-dilution method. Results: The lowest MIC values were obtained for the methanolic (12.5 ppm), ethanolic (12.5 ppm), aqueous (12.5 ppm), hydroalcoholic (25 ppm), and ethyl-acetate (12.5 ppm) Eshvarak extracts. The highest inhibitory zone diameters against E. coli were recorded at the 100-ppm concentration of the methanolic (8 mm), ethanolic (7 mm), aqueous (8 mm), hydroalcoholic (10 mm), and ethyl-acetate (5 mm) Eshvarak extracts. Conclusions: Eshvarak extract, particularly in the hydroalcoholic solvent, inhibited the growth of E. coli. However, the antimicrobial properties of plant extracts seem to be independent of the extraction method or the type of solvent.

scholarly journals Antimycobacterial and PknB Inhibitory Activities of Venezuelan Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. A. Aranaga ◽  
S. Fraile ◽  
A. Torres ◽  
A. Falco ◽  
F. Michelangeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Luminescent Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Global control and elimination of tuberculosis are hindered by the high prevalence of drug-resistant strains, making the development of new drugs to fight tuberculosis a public health priority. In this study, we evaluated 118 extracts from 58 Venezuelan plant species for their ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mc26020, using the agar dilution method. Additionally, we determined the ability of these extracts to inhibit the activity of PknB protein, an essential M. tuberculosis serine/threonine kinase, using a high-throughput luminescent assay. Of the 118 extracts tested, 14 inhibited bacterial growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤500 μg/ml, and 36 inhibited the kinase activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration <200 μg/ml. Five extracts inhibited M. tuberculosis growth and inhibited the activity of the kinase protein, suggesting that this could be the basis of their growth inhibition.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of some plants traditionally used in Guatemala against malaria.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1500-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F F Franssen ◽  
L J Smeijsters ◽  
I Berger ◽  
B E Medinilla Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

We present an evaluation of the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects of four plants commonly used in Guatemalan folk medicine against malaria. Methanol extracts of Simarouba glauca D. C., Sansevieria guineensis Willd, Croton guatemalensis Lotsy, and Neurolaena lobata (L.)R.Br. significantly reduced parasitemias in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Dichloromethane fractions were screened for their cytotoxicities on Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, and 50% inhibitory concentrations were determined for Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro cultures. Both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. falciparum were significantly inhibited by these extracts. Of all dichloromethane extracts, only the S. glauca cortex extract was considered to be toxic to nauplii of A. salina in the brine shrimp test.

Antituberculosis activities of clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
V M Reddy ◽  
G Nadadhur ◽  
D Daneluzzi ◽  
J F O'Sullivan ◽  
P R Gangadharam
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Intracellular Activities ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

In our efforts to develop new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, especially that caused by multidrug-resistant strains, we investigated clofazimine (CFM) and two of its analogs, B4154 and B4157, for their antituberculosis activities. Twenty M. tuberculosis strains were tested, including 16 drug-resistant strains (strains resistant to one or more antituberculosis drugs), for their susceptibilities to these three agents. All of the strains were found to be susceptible to B4154 and B4157, and one strain showed moderate resistance to CFM. The MICs of B4154, B4157, and CFM at which 90% of strains were inhibited were 0.25, 0.12, and < or = 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively. The intracellular activities of CFM and B4157 were superior to that of B4154. The chemotherapeutic activities of the three compounds were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. At a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight, the activity of CFM was slightly superior to that of B4157; however, both compounds prevented mortality and caused a significant reduction in the numbers of CFU in the lungs and spleens. The animals treated with B4157 showed less pigmentation than animals treated with CFM. The chemotherapeutic activity of CFM was comparable to those of rifampin and isoniazid. Complete susceptibility of multidrug-resistant strains to CFM and B4157 and the therapeutic efficacies of these compounds against mouse tuberculosis make these drugs attractive agents for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Investigation of the combined use effect of the antiseptic decamethoxin and fluoroquinolones on clinical strains S. aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
O.A. Nazarchuk ◽  
S.V. Pavliuk ◽  
H.H. Nazarchuk ◽  
V.M. Mruh ◽  
A.O. Dudar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Annotation. Postoperative infectious complications in eye microsurgery are most often caused by S. aureus strains, among which resistance to fluoroquinolones, first-line drugs for the prevention of postoperative complications, is common. An alternative to fluoroquinolones is antiseptics. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of decamethoxin antiseptic on the antimicrobial properties of fluoroquinolones against S. aureus. Studies on the combined effect of the antimicrobial properties of fluoroquinolones and decamethoxin (DCM) were performed on the S. aureus museum strain ATCC 25923, on moderately stable and persistent S. aureus clinical strains (n=42) obtained from patients undergoing eye microsurgical procedures, by serial dilution method. The minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MBsC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBcC) of antimicrobials separately in pure form and with the addition of sub-bacteriostatic concentrations (subBsC, 1/4 MBsC) of DCM were determined. Statistical data processing was performed using special and office programs “STATISTICA 6.0”, “Microsoft Excel 2010”. The study found low sensitivity to fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of S. aureus, high sensitivity to DCM (MBsC 0.66±0.1; MBcC 3.19±0.4 μg/ml). The sensitivity of resistant and moderately resistant strains of S. aureus to fluoroquinolones in the presence of subBsC DCM was established: MBsC of ciprofloxacin in the presence of DCM decreased almost 4 times, norfloxacin — 5.5 times, ofloxacin — 6.8 times, of levofloxacin — 6.8 times, moxifloxacin 7.1 times. It was found that MBcC of norfloxacin for clinical resistant S. aureus strains decreased in 5.7 times, ofloxacin — in 9.2 times, levofloxacin — in 6.9 times, ciprofloxacin — in 8.6 times, moxifloxacin — in 7.9 times. The simultaneous use of antiseptic DCM and various fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agents provides effective protection against staphylococcal infection, contributes to the fight against antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Antimicrobial Activities of Mannich Bases Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Nucleus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Rhambus Rawat ◽  
Prem Shankar Deo ◽  
Bhushan Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Heterocyclic compounds containing triazole moiety have great importance in the field of medicine, pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, biology, therapeutics, environmental science, and industry. Triazoles and their derivatives have been extensively used in the development of new drugs. Biological activities of Schiff bases are highly investigated, but Mannich bases are on the verge of their development, and they are being synthesized in large number nowadays. In this work, Mannich bases are synthesized by incorporation 1,2,4-triazole moiety through Schiff base using different amines. Mannich bases are found to exhibit highly effective antibacterial and antifungal activities. The formation of synthesized compounds - 1,2,4-triazole-5-thione, Schiff base (4) and Mannich bases (5a and 5b) - are confirmed and characterized by spectroscopic techniques like UV, FTIR 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against bacterial and fungal strain.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Therapeutic Potential of Phytocomplexes and Natural Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Md. Mominur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saidur Rahaman ◽  
Md. Rezaul Islam ◽  
Md. Emon Hossain ◽  
Faria Mannan Mithi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Natural Extracts

Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes’ antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and the clinical impacts might be because of the direct effects against microorganisms. The restorative plants that may furnish novel medication lead the antimicrobial movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the phytocomplexes and natural extracts of the plants that are ordinarily being utilized as conventional medications and then recommended the chance of utilizing them in drugs for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant disease.

Anti-plasmodial Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (13) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dean Goodman ◽  
An Thuy Hoang ◽  
Drissa Diallo ◽  
Karl Egil Malterud ◽  
Geoffrey I. McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, syn. Fagara zanthoxyloides, is a tree growing in West Africa and is used in traditional medicine against a variety of diseases, including malaria. In the work reported here, root bark and stem bark extracts of this tree, as well as compounds isolated from the extracts, have been investigated for activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, toxicity against nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina has been studied. Dichloromethane extracts of the root bark and stem bark, and a methanol extract of the stem bark, showed anti-parasitic activity towards chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, with IC50 values between 1 and 10 µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, bis-dihydrochelerythrinyl ether, buesgenine, chelerythrine, γ-fagarine, skimmianine, and pellitorine were the most active, with IC50 values of less than 5 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extracts were toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 values of less than 1 µg/mL. Methanol extracts were much less toxic (LC50 between 50 and 100 µg/mL). Among the isolated substances, bis-dihydrochelethrinyl ether was the most toxic (LC50 ca. 2 µg/mL).

Toxicity Analysis of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaves Extract and Its Stability against Different pH and Temperature

2020 ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Suzita Ramli ◽  
Son Radu ◽  
Khozirah Shaari ◽  
Yaya Rukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
C 50

Food sanitizer is important to reduce or eliminate microbial population on the food surface and also to removes dirt. Nowadays, food sanitizer is basically from chemical base. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the toxicity level of S. polyanthum and its stability against different pHs and different temperatures in determining the suitability of leaves extract as natural food sanitizer. Leaves extract was adjusted to pH 3, pH 7, pH 11 conditions and exposed to temperatures at 30°C, 50°C and 80°C for 15 min each. Treated extracts were tested for their antimicrobial properties in term of MICs and MBCs. Toxicity level of S. polyanthum was determined by brine shrimp lethality assay. As a result, antimicrobial activities of S. polyanthum extract was not affected by different pHs and temperatures while toxicity study demonstrated that S. polyanthum, extract was not toxic to Artemia salina with LC50 was 75.85 mg/mL. Therefore, S. polyanthum had the potential to be developed as antimicrobial agent in food sanitizer.

Anti-mycobacterial Constituents from Medicinal Plants; A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandan Sarkar ◽  
Yadu Nandan Dey ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Mogana R
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Review Article ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

: Effective treatment of tuberculosis has been hindered by the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium therapeutic facilities tuberculosis. With the global resurgence of tuberculosis with the development of multidrug-resistant cases, there is a call for the development of new drugs to combat these diseases. Throughout history, natural products have afforded a rich source of compounds that have found many applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacy and biology, and continued to play a significant role in the drug discovery and development process. This review article depicts the various potential plant extracts as well as plant-derived phytoconstituents against the H37rv, the most persistent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its multidrug strains.

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