scholarly journals Dhoopana-A Concept of Fumigation in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
Punam Sawarkar ◽  
Gaurav Sawarkar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Administration Procedure

Concept of disinfection or fumigation is very important as every host has not optimum level of immunity to defence himself against pathogens causing diseases and so it is commonly practised in many developed nations to prevent transmission of viral diseases which are airborne in nature such as COVID -19. However various review of modern fumigating physical & chemical agents e.g. Formalin  which are expensive, having crumblesome technique & toxic nature are generally used for this purpose.Therefore, current situation of COVID pandemic demands for the replacement  in Ayurveda  e.g. Dhoopana Karma for  such techniques.As  it is  cost effective, safe, convenient, effective, and lucrative  method of sterilizaion. Main aim of this paper is to compile all scattered information regarding Dhoopana Karma from different Ayurvedic sculptures. All information of these karma which is in dispursed form is complied & described under different heads such as history pf Dhoopana Karma, synonyms, classification, indications (general & specific), various drugs useful for Dhoopana, their period for collection, different formulations for Dhoopana, instruments for Dhoopana, different modes of administration / procedure, method of storing and preservation of Dhoopana Dravya & duration of procedure in descriptive manner & tabular form. Extensive review related with Dhoopana Karma shows that that Dhoopan Karma which is a most common method of sterilization described in an ayurveda & it is categorised under topical (Bahiparimarjana) treatment.Broad spectrum utility of these different formulations of Dhoopana  suggests demands for researches in future to study their various  pharmacological properties & actions such as bacteriostatic or bactericidal, wormicidal, anti-inflammatory ,antiseptic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal anti –pyretic. Suchpe of vivid research may become helpful to prevent the need for medical intervention in entities such as COVID-19. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that Dhoopana Karma can be used as a type of fumigation for massive & local sterilization in current dreadful outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Management of Hypertension: A Bangladeshi Perspective

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
SM Mustafa Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Salman ◽  
Kaniz Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications

Hypertension is a silent killer. Bangladeshis are racially predisposed to cardiovascular disease, and the increasing burden of hypertension has only added to the problem. Economic constraints and the allure of additional benefits without adverse effects have made lifestyle modifications an attractive proposition in developing and developed countries alike. Blood pressure is a continuum and any increase above optimum level confers additional independent risk of cardiovascular disease. We review screening, diagnosis and management using lifestyle measures and pharmacotherapy. We then discuss the barriers and challenges to implementing this approach and what can be done regarding prevention, screening, lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy in our country. By adopting a comprehensive population based approach including policy level interventions directed at promoting lifestyle changes; a healthy diet (appropriate calories, low in saturated fats and salt and rich in fruits and vegetables), increased physical activity, and a smoking free society, properly balanced with a high risk approach of cost effective clinical care, Bangladesh can effectively control hypertension and improve public health. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6232 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 40-43

Applying Social Aspects in Home Telecare Design to Improve the Safety of Users and Quality of Service

2016 ◽  
pp. 1048-1072
Author(s):  
Lawrence Chidzambwa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Solution Design

Telecare enables remote and cost-effective home treatment of patients, improving the safety and quality of life of frail individuals. However, despite increased availability of telecare devices, many are not fully used and often ignored due to poor social perception and experience. The research suggests the social aspects of quality and safety related to user experience have not been considered. This can lead to misuse or non-use of telecare devices, reducing patient safety and quality of life. This chapter explores the implications for the lack of social considerations in telecare and develops a series of models and methodologies to integrate the social dimension with the traditional medical intervention focus. By applying semiotics and normative behavioural theory, the authors show how a Normative Home Telecare Framework can improve telecare solution design and ensure take up and use of the devices and increase patient safety and life quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Etiology of Epistaxis and its Management in Dhulikhel Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Shrestha ◽  
M Pokharel ◽  
BL Shrestha ◽  
A Dhakal ◽  
RCM Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

Background Epistaxis is one of the most common and most difficult emergencies presenting in 7-14% of the general population each year. Although its lifetime incidence is about 60%, only 6% require formal medical intervention but they can be serious and even life threatening.Objective The main objectives are to study different etiology, types, modality of treatment of epistaxis. Specific objective is also to find out if the modality of treatment is associated with age, site, amount of bleeding and etiology.Method It is a prospective, cross sectional, longitudinal, analytical study done in Department of ENT, Dhulikhel hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS) from Aug. 2010 to Aug. 2013. Data was collected. This study was cleared through institutional review committee of hospital. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0.Result 487 patients were studied during the period. There was significant association between age group with type of treatment (p value 0.002); and with admission (p value < 0.001). Significance in the study was also shown in the correlation between site of bleeding and the type of treatment and also with alcohol intake with site of bleeding (p value < 0.001).However there was no significance between hypertension and the type of treatment methods chosen (p value >0.01).Conclusion Management of epistaxis is challenging. Most are managed by non surgical means whereas some by surgical treatment. Non surgical treatment is still useful, safe and cost effective. Type of treatment and need for hospital stay is related to age and site of bleeding.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 49-55

scholarly journals Economic Activity and the Spread of Viral Diseases: Evidence from High Frequency Data *

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Adda
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Frequency Data

Abstract Viruses are a major threat to human health, and—given that they spread through social interactions—represent a costly externality. This article addresses three main questions: (i) what are the unintended consequences of economic activity on the spread of infections; (ii) how efficient are measures that limit interpersonal contacts; (iii) how do we allocate our scarce resources to limit the spread of infections? To answer these questions, we use novel high frequency data from France on the incidence of a number of viral diseases across space, for different age groups, over a quarter of a century. We use quasi-experimental variation to evaluate the importance of policies reducing interpersonal contacts such as school closures or the closure of public transportation networks. While these policies significantly reduce disease prevalence, we find that they are not cost-effective. We find that expansions of transportation networks have significant health costs in increasing the spread of viruses, and that propagation rates are pro-cyclically sensitive to economic conditions and increase with inter-regional trade.

scholarly journals Sustainable Semi-Intensive Aquaculture of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) in Mymensingh Region, Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Umme Habiba Mumu ◽  
Md. Nazir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture

This study examines the growth and yield of Vietnamese koi with Thai koi for developing a suitable culture management technique of koi for sustainable production and unveiling the most cost effective culture of koi species. The study was conducted for a rearing period of 100 days in four farms at Gauripur upazila in Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2  (T2) are considered for Vietnamese koi and treatment 3 (T3), treatment 4 (T4) are considered for Thai koi with stocking density 1,72,900 per hectare for T1 and T3 and 2,47,000 for T2 and T4 at four different farms of study area. The ponds were stocked with an initial length of 0.75±0.01 cm and weight of 0.20 g in all the treatments. The culture period has the optimum level of physicochemical parameters. The study reveals that the maximum weight gain was in treatment T1 of Vietnamese koi and lowest in treatment T4 of Thai koi. Similarly, physical length, weight and survival of Anabas testudineus also followed the same trends as weight gain. Individually treatment T1 shows significantly higher specific growth rate than the other treatments. Besides, food conversion ratio was significantly higher in treatment T1 followed by treatment T2, T3 and T4. However, the mean fish production were 17092, 15000, 10746 and 10469 kg/ha in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Consistently, highest growth, survival and higher net economic benefit from A. testudineus were found in treatment T1 among the four treatments. Vietnamese koi population of treatment T1 has appeared to be most suitable for good quality aquaculture practice for 100 days rearing semi-intensive system among the four treatments. Therefore, monoculture practice of Vietnamese koi is a perfect scheme of choice for a commercially viable and sustainable koi culture to meet up the protein deficit and as well as to accelerate the sustainable development of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Current status on the use of recycled aggregates in concrete: Where do we go from here?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge De Brito ◽  
Rui Silva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
New Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Developed Nations

The consumption of energy and natural resources has been growing exponentially with the significant increase of the economic and industrial activities of the semi-developed nations, becoming one of the major environmental concerns in our time. Several sectors are already pursuing cost-effective solutions to the problem of dumping waste, by reducing their production and adding value to them through their reuse or recycling them into new products, in view of a circular economy. Here, the current state of the recycled aggregates’ application in the concrete industry is briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the existing obstacles to their widespread use and lacking knowledge in general areas, which need to be further researched.

scholarly journals Emerging issues in water and health research

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Ford
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
And Training

In the less developed nations, hygiene and sanitation remain overriding factors in population health and the burden of waterborne disease. Both morbidity and mortality from diseases, such as cholera, remain high, but the overwhelming burden of diarrhoeal diseases inevitably goes undiagnosed. Enterotoxic E. coli, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis are prevalent amongst bacterial diseases and giardiasis is often diagnosed among protozoan diseases. In terms of viral diseases, hepatitis A is frequently associated with water and rotavirus, and more recently norovirus, infections are suspected to be major causes of gastroenteritis, although they are seldom diagnosed. From the perspective of research and training, and despite the efforts of major international organizations, effective programs that teach basic hygiene and sanitation remain elusive.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Limitation of Chikungunya Fever and its Future Prospect: A Review Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Yeasmin ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Muhibbur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Chikungunya is a febrile illness which is usually self-limiting caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). It is transmitted bythe bites of infected adult female mosquitoes mainly Aedesaegypti and Aedesalbopictus from human to human; these vectors also transmit other viral diseases including dengue, zika virus and yellow fever. These viral diseases presented in a similar manner in their early stage of infection specially dengue and chikungunya since neither of them possesses any specific feature to be distinguished clinically. Their outcome and treatment strategies are distinct so early and accurate diagnosis is mandatory for better management and taking appropriate measures to prevent or reduce severity of complications. An early confirmation of any infection demands diagnostic tools that are highly specific and cost effective. Currently no diagnostic tool is available for CHIKV detection which can fulfill these criteria. Moreover effective surveillance, outbreak control, vaccine design and drug development all this demand proper diagnosis. In this review we focus on limitation of available laboratory tests related to diagnosis of chikungunya virus and discuss priorities for further studies needed for disease diagnosis in early stage to control the outbreaks Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2018;5(2):65-70

scholarly journals CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS) OF UNDER FIVE-YEARS FROM NORTH WAZIRISTAN AGENCY, PAKISTAN: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Shezina Sultan Ali ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq ◽  
Mujib Ur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Under Five

BACKGROUND: Immunization is an important and cost effective public health tool for controlling Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs) among children. Developing countries have low level of immunization coverages. This is further compromised during armed conflicts and disasters with displacement of vulnerable populations leading to VPDs outbreaks. Tribal areas of Pakistan have been subjected to armed conflict for a long time with massive population displacement. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional survey to assess the vaccination status of child under five of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of North Waziristan Agency (NWA) of Pakistan. We used a structured questionnaire to collect information from the caregivers in the IDP camp of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtukhwa. RESULTS: Overall immunization coverage was very low. Out of 480 children under 5 years, less than one-third (30.6%) were vaccinated against BCG, about a quarter (27.7%) had received the Pentavalent and measles vaccines. However, OPV coverage was excellent mostly amid to polio mass campaigns. CONCLUSION: Routine immunization coverage among the IDPs of North Waziristan agency in Pakistan is extremely poor. There is a need to improve the coverage to optimum level to avert any potential VPD outbreaks.

scholarly journals Diagnostic yield and financial implications of a nationwide electrocardiographic screening programme to detect cardiac disease in the young

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshil Dhutia ◽  
Aneil Malhotra ◽  
Gherardo Finnochiaro ◽  
Sameer Parpia ◽  
Raghav Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Select Group

Abstract Aims There is limited information on the role of screening with electrocardiography (ECG) for identifying cardiovascular diseases associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a non-select group of adolescents and young adults in the general population. Methods and results Between 2012 and 2014, 26 900 young individuals (aged 14–35 years) were prospectively evaluated with a health questionnaire and ECG. Individuals with abnormal results underwent secondary investigations, the costs of which were being based on the UK National Health Service tariffs. Six hundred and seventy-five (2.5%) individuals required further investigation for an abnormal health questionnaire, 2175 (8.1%) for an abnormal ECG, and 114 (0.5%) for both. Diseases associated with young SCD were identified in 88 (0.3%) individuals of which 15 (17%) were detected with the health questionnaire, 72 (81%) with ECG and 2 (2%) with both. Forty-nine (56%) of these individuals received medical intervention beyond lifestyle modification advice in the follow-up period of 24 months. The overall cost of the evaluation process was €97 per person screened, €17 834 per cardiovascular disease detected, and €29 588 per cardiovascular disease associated with SCD detected. Inclusion of ECG was associated with a 36% cost reduction per diagnosis of diseases associated with SCD compared with the health questionnaire alone. Conclusion The inclusion of an ECG to a health questionnaire is associated with a five-fold increase in the ability to detect disease associated with SCD in young individuals and is more cost effective for detecting serious disease compared with screening with a health questionnaire alone.

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