scholarly journals Evaluation of Diuretic activity of Fractional Extracts of Ajuga remota Benth (Lamiaceae) in Albino mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Desalegn Chilo ◽  
N. J. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Ajuga Remota ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Albino Mice

The present study was evaluated the in vivo diuretic activity of fractional extracts of A. remota in albino mice. The dried aqueous crude extracts were subjected to soxhlet extraction by n-butanol, methanol and water solvents. The mice were randomly divided into eleven groups with 8 mice in each. All fractions were administered orally at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg to adult male mice, and the positive and negative controls were treated with furosemide (10 mg/kg, p.o) and the vehicle distilled water (2 ml/100 gm of body weight) respectively. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume, urinary electrolytes and urinary pH. The result indicates that aqueous and methanolic fractions at 1000 mg/kg dose produced significant (p<0.001) increase in urine output and electrolyte excretion (p<0.001) when compared to control. Additionally, potassium sparing activity (27%, p<0.05) and high natriuretic index (2.7-3.03) were produced by the n-butanol fraction relatively even if it showed minimal effect on urine output. Therefore, from the present study it may be concluded that the compounds present in methanolic and aqueous fraction are responsible for diuretic activity. This finding together with previous results on the aqueous crude extracts provides a quantitative basis for developing a new diuretic medicine from A. remota plant.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Crude Seed Extracts and Solvent Fractions of Schinus molle Linnaeus (Anacardiaceae) in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Habte ◽  
Teshome Nedi ◽  
Solomon Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Crude Extracts

Background. Malaria is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major problem in controlling the disease. This makes the development of novel antimalarial drugs a necessity. Medicinal plants are important sources in discovering antimalarial drugs. Schinus molle is claimed for its antimalarial effect in Ethiopian folkloric medicine and endowed with in vitro antiplasmodial activity. In the present study, the in vivo antimalarial activity of the plant was investigated. Methods. Acute toxicity was carried out using a standard procedure. To screen the in vivo antimalarial potential of the S. molle against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA), a 4-day suppressive test was employed. The extracts and fractions were given to infected mice by oral gavage at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day for four consecutive days. Parameters such as parasitemia were then evaluated. Results. Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts and solvent fractions exerted a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of parasite load compared to the negative control. The highest inhibition (66.91%) was exhibited by the 400 mg/kg/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Among the fractions, chloroform fraction demonstrated maximal chemosuppressive effect (55.60%). Moreover, crude extracts and solvent fractions prevented body weight loss, reduction in temperature, and anemia compared to the negative control. Except the aqueous fraction, the tested plant extracts were able to significantly prolong the survival time of infected mice. Conclusion. The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising in vivo antimalarial activity of S. molle, thus supporting the traditional claim and in vitro efficacy. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of the water and erhanolicextract of Equisetum arvense L. on some Hematological Parameters in the Albino mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Silva Antranik Zokian ◽  
Ban Jasim Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Increase Platelet Count ◽  
Albino Mice

The present study has been performed on the vegetative parts of the local Horsetail Equisetum arvense L., which grow naturally in Haj Umran in the north of Iraq, to assess the effect of crude extracts of this plant on some hematological parameters in vivo. The results revealed that the crude extracts (water and ethanolic), significantly, increase the lymphocyte level in vivo especially in concentration(50 mg/ml), the results also showed that the crude extracts (water and ethanolic) of (10, 50 mg/ml), significantly, increase the red blood corpuscles count in vivo, while higher concentration (100 mg/ml)has areverse effect(decrease the count), while the crude extracts (water and ethanolic)of (10 ,50 mg/ml), significantly, increase the amount of hemoglobin in vivo, where as higher concentration of(100mg/ml) decrease it. Finally, the low concentration of crude extracts(water and ethanolic) were efficient to increase platelet count in vivo, However, higher concentration of (100 mg/ml)decrease it.

scholarly journals In Vivo Diuretic Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root Bark of Clerodendrum myricoides Hochst. (Lamiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gebrelibanos Gebremichael Welu ◽  
Ebrahim M. Yimer ◽  
Haftom Gebregergs Hailu ◽  
Dayananda Bhoumik ◽  
Mehari Meles Lema
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

Introduction. Clerodendrum myricoides (Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments, including body swelling and urine retention. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of a crude extract and solvent fractions of the root bark of C. myricoides. Methodology. The coarsely powdered root bark of C. myricoides was extracted by a cold maceration method using 80% methanol. A portion of the extract was fractionated based on the polarity index of solvents to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. To investigate the diuretic activity of the plant, rats were divided into fifteen groups. The normal control groups received either water or 2% tween 80, the standard group received furosemide (10 mg/kg), and the test groups were administered the hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg by the oral route. The urine volume, urine pH, urine, and serum electrolytes were determined and compared with the standard and normal control groups. Results. The crude hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions induced significant diuresis at a dose of 400 mg/kg ( P < 0.001 ) compared to the aqueous fraction. The hydromethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg also caused noticeable diuresis ( P < 0.001 ) compared to the standard, furosemide. Rats treated with hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions showed delayed onset and prolonged diuresis in a dose-dependent fashion compared to the aqueous fraction ( P < 0.05 ). The hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions produced the highest saliuretic and natriuretic index compared to the standard, furosemide. The crude hydromethanolic extract also failed to produce any sign of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion. From this study, the hydromethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark of C. myricoides produced a prominent diuretic effect in rats.

scholarly journals DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF MATOA LEAVES EXTRACTS (Pometiapinnata) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTASSIUM AND SODIUM LEVELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ika Purwidyaningrum ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Irda Fidrianny
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine diuretic activity of matoa leaves (Pometiapinnata) extracts and fraction and its influence on potassium and sodium levels.Methods: Matoa leaves were extracted by reflux method followed by evaporation using rotary evaporator. The subjects were male Wistar rats that were divided into 11 group furosemide (3.6 mg/kg bw), control group CMC 0.5%, matoa leaves extracts with doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves aqueous fraction with dose of 10.94 mg/kg bw, 21.88 mg/kg bw, 32.82 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves ethyl acetate fraction with dose of 4.35 mg/kg bw, 8.71 mg/kg bw, 13.06 mg/kg bw. Rats were placed in metabolic cagesduring observation study. Urine volume was measured for 5 to 24 hours. Potassium and sodium levels in urine were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Results: The effective dose of matoa leaves extract and fractions for diuretic activity was matoaleaves ethyl acetate fraction 8.71 mg/kg bw which could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.Conclusion:Matoa leaves extract and fractions could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.  

scholarly journals In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of Buchanania lanzan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Chandra Kishore Tyagi ◽  
Atul Tripathi ◽  
Gyanendra Singh ◽  
Amol Chandekar ◽  
Sunil Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p><strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance:</strong> The fruits of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em> are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50&gt; 2000mg/kg for the extract.<strong> </strong>The extract caused a significant (p&lt;0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p&lt;0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume.  Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of <em>Buchanania lanzan</em> in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.</p>

scholarly journals Inhibition of In Vivo Growth of Plasmodium berghei by Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Peter Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Growth

Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis used by people of Western Africa in the treatment of malaria and related symptoms were assessed for their antiplasmodial value against the chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. Crude extracts (200 mg/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of Swiss mice. The percentage of parasitemia, survival time, and haematological parameters were determined. Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitemia and improved survival time in infected mice. The crude extracts prevented loss of some haematological parameters. A. viridis had a distinct effect on the packed cell volume. The extract was able to protect the liver from some of the damage. This study however showed that the methanolic extracts of A. viridis and L. taraxacifolia possess antiplasmodial activity. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical investigations in the search for new and locally affordable antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ROENTGEN RAYS ON CELL-VIRUS ASSOCIATIONS

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Friedewald ◽  
Rubert S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Roentgen Rays

The virus-induced papillomas of cottontail as well as domestic rabbits regress completely within a few weeks when exposed to 5,000 r of x-ray irradiation. The x-rays do not immediately kill the papilloma cells, but lead to death by inhibiting cellular division and producing pathological changes in the cells which then continue to differentiate. The virus associated with the growths, however, not only persists in undiminished amount during regression, but often an increased yield of it can be obtained on extraction. The fibroma virus in crude extracts or in vivo is inactivated by far less irradiation than the papilloma virus. 10,000 r destroys 90 per cent or more of the infectivity of the fibroma virus, whereas at least 100,000 r is required to inactivate 50 per cent of the papilloma virus in extracts containing about the same amount of protein. No variant of the papilloma virus or fibroma virus has been encountered as a result of the irradiation.

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