scholarly journals In Vivo Diuretic Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root Bark of Clerodendrum myricoides Hochst. (Lamiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gebrelibanos Gebremichael Welu ◽  
Ebrahim M. Yimer ◽  
Haftom Gebregergs Hailu ◽  
Dayananda Bhoumik ◽  
Mehari Meles Lema
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

Introduction. Clerodendrum myricoides (Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments, including body swelling and urine retention. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic activity of a crude extract and solvent fractions of the root bark of C. myricoides. Methodology. The coarsely powdered root bark of C. myricoides was extracted by a cold maceration method using 80% methanol. A portion of the extract was fractionated based on the polarity index of solvents to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. To investigate the diuretic activity of the plant, rats were divided into fifteen groups. The normal control groups received either water or 2% tween 80, the standard group received furosemide (10 mg/kg), and the test groups were administered the hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg by the oral route. The urine volume, urine pH, urine, and serum electrolytes were determined and compared with the standard and normal control groups. Results. The crude hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions induced significant diuresis at a dose of 400 mg/kg ( P < 0.001 ) compared to the aqueous fraction. The hydromethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg also caused noticeable diuresis ( P < 0.001 ) compared to the standard, furosemide. Rats treated with hydromethanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions showed delayed onset and prolonged diuresis in a dose-dependent fashion compared to the aqueous fraction ( P < 0.05 ). The hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions produced the highest saliuretic and natriuretic index compared to the standard, furosemide. The crude hydromethanolic extract also failed to produce any sign of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion. From this study, the hydromethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark of C. myricoides produced a prominent diuretic effect in rats.

scholarly journals DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF MATOA LEAVES EXTRACTS (Pometiapinnata) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON POTASSIUM AND SODIUM LEVELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ika Purwidyaningrum ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Irda Fidrianny
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine diuretic activity of matoa leaves (Pometiapinnata) extracts and fraction and its influence on potassium and sodium levels.Methods: Matoa leaves were extracted by reflux method followed by evaporation using rotary evaporator. The subjects were male Wistar rats that were divided into 11 group furosemide (3.6 mg/kg bw), control group CMC 0.5%, matoa leaves extracts with doses of 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw, 150 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves aqueous fraction with dose of 10.94 mg/kg bw, 21.88 mg/kg bw, 32.82 mg/kg bw, matoa leaves ethyl acetate fraction with dose of 4.35 mg/kg bw, 8.71 mg/kg bw, 13.06 mg/kg bw. Rats were placed in metabolic cagesduring observation study. Urine volume was measured for 5 to 24 hours. Potassium and sodium levels in urine were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Results: The effective dose of matoa leaves extract and fractions for diuretic activity was matoaleaves ethyl acetate fraction 8.71 mg/kg bw which could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.Conclusion:Matoa leaves extract and fractions could increase the excretion of sodium and potassium in the urine of the male Wistar rats.  

Diuretic activity of ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa (Linn.) leaf in normal male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa T. Yakubu ◽  
Adenike M Oyagoke ◽  
Luqman A. Quadri ◽  
Anthonia O. Agboola ◽  
Hussein O.B. Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Background: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf (EEMJL) has been used in the folk medicine of Nigeria as diuretics without any scientific evidence.Aim: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight was investigated for diuretic activity in male Wistar rats.Setting: Fresh leaf of M. jalapa was collected from a farmland at the Alanamu area in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, authenticated and processed for the study.Methods: Thirty male rats (231.50 g ± 13.51 g) were assigned into five groups (A–E) of six rats each. Rats in group A (control) received 1.0 mL of physiological saline (the vehicle). Animals in groups B (positive control), C, D and E received 1.0 mL equivalent to 100 mg/kg body weight of furosemide, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL, respectively. All administrations were done by oral gavage. The animals were monitored for indicators of diuresis for 5 h using standard methods.Results: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05) urine volume, urine concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl− and decreased (p < 0.05) the body weight of the animals. Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf increased the urine pH, saliuretic activity, saliuretic index, Na+ index, K+ index, Cl− index, diuretic action (diuretic index), kaliuretic index, Lipschitz value and percentage saline load excreted, whereas the latency of urination, natriuretic index, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibition index were decreased. The EEMJL treatment-related changes in these parameters were essentially similar to those of the furosemide-treated animals.Conclusion: This study has thus validated diuretic activity of M. jalapa leaf with the 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL being the most effective.

EVALUATION OF DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF MILLETTIA PINNATA IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
B. Deepti ◽  
◽  
P. Srinivasa Babu ◽  
K. Manasa ◽  
N. Rishita
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Millettia Pinnata ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of Millettia pinnata in experimental animals. Randomly selected animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. The various extracts of the bark of Millettia pinnata, that is, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were administered orally at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Parameters like volume of urine, pH of urine, conductivity and urinary electrolyte concentrations like sodium, potassium and chloride were studied and compared with the standard furosemide. The methanol extract of Millettia pinnata increased the urine output in a dose-dependent manner than petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts, whereas petroleum ether extract was significant when compared to ethyl acetate extract. From the present study, it can be concluded that Millettia pinnata has diuretic property.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diuretic activity of Fractional Extracts of Ajuga remota Benth (Lamiaceae) in Albino mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Desalegn Chilo ◽  
N. J. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Ajuga Remota ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Albino Mice

The present study was evaluated the in vivo diuretic activity of fractional extracts of A. remota in albino mice. The dried aqueous crude extracts were subjected to soxhlet extraction by n-butanol, methanol and water solvents. The mice were randomly divided into eleven groups with 8 mice in each. All fractions were administered orally at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg to adult male mice, and the positive and negative controls were treated with furosemide (10 mg/kg, p.o) and the vehicle distilled water (2 ml/100 gm of body weight) respectively. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume, urinary electrolytes and urinary pH. The result indicates that aqueous and methanolic fractions at 1000 mg/kg dose produced significant (p<0.001) increase in urine output and electrolyte excretion (p<0.001) when compared to control. Additionally, potassium sparing activity (27%, p<0.05) and high natriuretic index (2.7-3.03) were produced by the n-butanol fraction relatively even if it showed minimal effect on urine output. Therefore, from the present study it may be concluded that the compounds present in methanolic and aqueous fraction are responsible for diuretic activity. This finding together with previous results on the aqueous crude extracts provides a quantitative basis for developing a new diuretic medicine from A. remota plant.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS DIURETIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DAN BIJI SALAK (Salacca zalacca varietas zalacca (Gaert.)Voss) PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Nurihardiyanti Nurihardiyanti ◽  
Yuliet Yuliet ◽  
Ihwan Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Papaya Seed

Research on diuretic activity of seed extract combination of papaya (Carica papaya L) and snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) to male wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) has been conducted. This study aimed to determine the diuretic effect of the seed extract combination and its effective dose combination as diuretics. The extract was prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Diuretic activity test was divided into 5 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. Group 1 (negative control) was given suspension of Na-CMC 0.5%; Group 2 (positive control) was given furosemide 3.6 mg/kgBW; Group 3, 4, and 5 were given dose combination of snake fruit seed extract and papaya seed extract successively at “37.5 mg/kgBW + 7.5 mg/kgBW”; “70 mg/kgBW + 15mg/kgBW”; and “140 mg/kgBW + 30 mg/kgBW”. Each rat was then orally given warm distilled water (70°C) 10ml/100gBW as loading dose. The excreted urine volume was measured and recorded every 30 minutes for 6 hours which was continued to cumulative urine volume calculation. Furthermore, sample was taken from the cumulative urine to measure levels of sodium (Na), potassium (K), and the pH of the urine. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The results showed that the effective extract dose combination was found in Group 5’s dose (140 mg/kgBW of snake fruit seed extract and 30 mg/kgBW papaya seed extract) with diuretic activity index of 1.48; urine pH of 7.52; sodium saluretic index of 1.62; and potassium saluretik index of 1.56 

scholarly journals Study of diuretic activity of aqueous extract of amaranthus spinosus linn on rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravani Potllapalli ◽  
Jagannath Narumalla ◽  
Naga Teja Pavani A. ◽  
Damodaram Govindadas ◽  
Somashekar S. Chikkannasetty
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Amaranthus Spinosus ◽  
Group I

Background: Traditional Siddha medicine literature claims that the Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Whole plant possesses diuretic property. The aim of the present study is to investigate the diuretic activity of aqueous extract of amaranthus spinosus linn on rats.Methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and deprived of food for 18 hours before the experiments. Control (Group I) rats were treated with Normal saline (5ml/Kg,) and Standard (Group II) rats were administered furosemide 15mg/Kg, I.P. Group III and IV were treated with Aqueous extract of Amaranthus spinosus Linn (AEAS) 250 and 500 mg/kg in normal saline respectively, The urine was collected after 5 and 24 hours. The urine volume and the total concentration of Na+, K+, and Cl- in the urine were estimated. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Student's "t"-test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conventional windows software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Urine analysis showed that Na+, K+, and Cl- levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased with AEAS 250 and 500 mg/kg as rats treated with furosemide 15mg/kg. Urine volume is significantly (p<0.05) increased in rats treated with drugs (AEAS 500 mg/kg and furosemide 15mg/kg) compared to normal saline 25ml/Kg, treated rats at 5 and 24 hours.Conclusions: These data suggest that AEAS has produced notable diuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the standard diuretic furosemide.

Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract and Residual Aqueous Fraction of Carissa edulis (Apocynaceae) Root Bark in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Jamilu Ya’u ◽  
◽  
Sani Malami ◽  
Mohammed Abugi ◽  
Hyelnaya Ngura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

The possible regulatory mechanisms of aqueous, ethyl acetate and nhexane fractions of the Ribes khorassanicum extract on acute hypertension in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohebbati ◽  
Yasamin Kamkar-De ◽  
Mohammad Naser Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Our previous studies showed the antihypertensive effect of Ribes khorassanicum (R. khorassanicum), a medicinal herb growing in the North Khorasan Province of Iran. For further evaluation, the present study investigated the effect of n-hexane (HX), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous (AQ) fractions of hydroalcoholic R. khorassanicum extract on cardiovascular responses in angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=5): 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v), 3) AngII + losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p), 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v), 5) L-NAME+ sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p), 6,7,8) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) +AngII, and 9,10,11) one dose of each fraction of R. khorassanicum (AQ/EA/HX (50 mg/kg, i.p)) + L-NAME. Treated rats received three fractions 30 min before the injection of L-NAME and AngII in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the Power Lab instrument via an angiocath inserted into the femoral artery. The peak changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) in treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups. Result: AngII and L-NAME significantly increased ∆MAP and ∆SBP and attenuated by pretreatment of LOS and SNP, respectively. Pretreatment with polar (AQ) and semipolar (EA) fractions of R. khorassanicum reduced the peak changes of MAP and SBP in both AngII and L-NAME-treated groups. Only the fraction of the herb attenuated the HR increased in the L-NAME group. The HR in other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference. Conclusion: All fractions of R. khorassanicum have an antihypertensive effect. However, the effect of polar fractions is more salient. It is also conceivable that the antihypertensive effect of fractions is mostly mediated by the inhibition of AngII.

scholarly journals Purple urine bag syndrome is a rare manifestation of bacteriuria on bladder catheter: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmane Mohib ◽  
Thomas Roland ◽  
Margot Fontaine ◽  
France Laurent ◽  
Camelia Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Bladder Catheter ◽  
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ◽  
Purple Urine

Abstract Background Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a complication of bacterial colonisation of bladder catheters in which urine turns purple in the tubing, as well as in the catheter bag. This rare phenomenon can be very worrisome and stressful for the patients and their families, as well as for the healthcare team taking care of them. Recognising this complication is essential in order to avoid misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment. We report a case of PUBS in a 71-year-old female patient. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman with previous medical history of schizophrenia was admitted to the emergency department for anorexia and suspicion of psychotic decompensation. Acute urine retention and rectal faecal impaction were clinically suspected and confirmed by bladder ultrasound and rectal examination, respectively. The patient underwent bladder catheterisation as well as a rectal enema. The day after her admission, our medical team was approached by the nurse in charge of the patient because of purple urine in her catheter bag and tubing. The diagnosis of PUBS was made with the help of the Oxford urine chart. A dipstick urinalysis revealed alkaline urine (pH = 8), and the urine culture was subsequently positive for Proteus mirabilis, which is sensitive to quinolones, beta-lactams and nitrofurantoin. The bladder catheter was changed. The patient received empiric antibiotic therapy with Levofloxacin 500 mg once daily. After obtaining the antibiogram, the targeted antibiotic therapy was adapted with oral Cefuroxime 500 mg three times a day for a total duration of seven days of antibiotic therapy. There was no recurrence of purple urine. Conclusion PUBS is a rare complication of bacteriuria, which induces a purple colouration of the tubing as well as the catheter bag. It is a simple spot diagnosis, as there is no other known cause of purple urine. This is why we believe that the Oxford urine chart represents a very interesting and easily accessible tool to help clinicians to investigate any abnormal urine colour.

Comparative free radical scavenging and hypoglycemic activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions of Azanza garckeana pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abubakar A. Yusuf ◽  
Toheeb D. Yissa ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Sodiq M Balogun ◽  
Peter O. Adeboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global trend. The aim of the present study is to identify the most effective antioxidants and hypoglycemic fraction of Azanza garckeana. Methods: The fractions (nhexane or ethyl-acetate or aqueous) of A. garckeana were administered to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 15 days. Antioxidants activities were evaluated at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL using the DPPH scavenging assay. Results: Results revealed that both the hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated highest percentage DPPH scavenging effect of 26.34±3.43, 38.44±4.35, 59.34±3.45, and 74.83±5.35 at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. The ethyl-acetate fraction demonstrated 19.33±2.98, 28.94±3.24, 47.34±2.90, and 57.82±4.54 respectively while the aqueous fraction exhibited the least activities of 12.45±23.45, 18.64±2.94, 27.94±3.89, and 39.43±3.89 at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated the most significant hypoglycemic effect with the highest glucose reduction of 58.97 ±3.45 %, 63.86±5.35 %, and 66.51±4.35 %, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated glucose reduction of 7.55±0.54%, 21.77±2.35 %, and 29.56±3.46 % while the aqueous fraction demonstrated the least hypoglycemic effect of 9.89±2.67 %, 18.09±3.45 %, and 18.87±3.24 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Azanza garckeana extract could serve as a reservoir of bioactive agents that could be useful for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent

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