scholarly journals Amalgamation of Nanotechnology with Plant Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
. Nishtha ◽  
Vaishali Verma
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This review paper deals with the basic aspects and advancement of Nanotechnology and its varied applications in every possible field starting from biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, drug science energy related sectors and so on. They show some explicit properties like strength, electrical, optical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles show increment in plant productivity by showing direct interactions with plants or indirectly with soil. Nanoparticles can easily be synthesized utilizing microbes and plants so they are organically protected, savvy, and climate amicable. Nanoparticles are termed as “magic bullets” because of their extraordinary properties, and for this reason they are employed in production of nano herbicides, nano pesticides. Nanotechnology does the job of addressing distinctive natural and medical problems which occurs to happen with the unreasonable utilization of pesticides and fertilizers in horticultural practices. When used in an appropriate amount and concentration they cause positive effects on the respective plants. Some of these include increment in crop production, better quality, increased photosynthetic activity, biomass, chlorophyll content and the list go on. With every positive effect comes the detrimental ones also. Inhibition of root and shoot length, reduced seed germination, inefficiency in photosynthetic activity.

scholarly journals Impact of Bush Burning on Chemical Properties of Some Soil in Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adejumobi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Burnt Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Soil is used in agriculture as an anchor and primary nutrient base for plants, and the types of soil and available moisture determine the species of plants that can be cultivated. Bush burning, whether as result of a wildfire or a controlled burning, affects not only the appearance of the landscape, but the quality of the soil. Bush burning method of land clearing is a traditional farming system used as a means of land clearing for crop production. This method of land clearing has both beneficial and detrimental effects on soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of bush burning on soil chemical properties at different soil depth of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm respectively base on the rooting depth of crop planted. The experiment was carried out in six selected farms in Igboora, Ibarapa central Local Governmental, Oyo State. The soil sampled were collected from burnt and unburnt experimental soil and analyzed using USDA standard methods for soil analysis for the selected chemical characteristics (pH, Ca2+, Mg2+ Na+. TN and P). Two samples were taken from each burnt and un-burnt locations at depth of 0-30 and 30-60 cm. Paired t-test was used to compare means value of soil chemical properties determined from burnt and un-burnt soil. ANOVA was used for significance difference between soil from burnt and un-burnt soil. pH increased from moderately acidic to slightly acidic, phosphorus content of the soil increased greatly from un-burnt soil to burnt soil at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths from 6.64 to 22.21 ppm and 3.53 to 24.95 ppm, respectively. Similarly, potassium increased from 0.27 to 0.40ppm at 0-30cm depth but decreased from 0.23 to 0.17 ppm at 30-60 cm depth. Nitrogen reduced at both depths from 0.80 to 0.76% and 0.72 to 0.68% respectively. Magnesium also increased from 1.3 cmol/kg to 2.00 cmol/kg and 1.65 to 1.75 cmol/kg at both 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth respectively. Whereas calcium showed a reduction from 3.17 to 2.85 cmol/kg and 1.65 to 1.45 cmol/kg at both depths. The variations observed between burnt and un-burnt soil for Ca, Mg, exchangeable acidity, pH, Nitrogen, potassium was significant at p<0.05 probability level. This indicates that bush burning has an impact on soil physical and chemical properties which may affect the suitability of the soil for crop production. Based on this, there is need for environmental education for farmers in the area in order to know the implications of bush burning on soil properties for soil sustainability which will boost food production.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM INTAKE OF ATORVASTATIN AND 1-CHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD COMPLEXES OF LABORATORY RATS

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
S. S. Osuchuk ◽  
O. S. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Object: to study the physical and chemical properties of the lipoprotein complexes of rats` blood in the long-term administration of statins and vitamin D. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 4 experimental groups of rats for 90 days: 1 - intact; 2 - placebo; 3 - intragastric administration of atorvastatin; 4 - intragastric administration of atorvastatin with α-calcidol. The lipoprotein blood complexes were isolated by the method of differential ultracentrifugation. The microflow and microviscosity of the lipoprotein complexes were determined using pyrene. Results. The placebo group revealed an increase of the micropolarity of the total lipid pool of VLDL and a decrease of the microviscosity of the annulary pool of LDL and HDL. The administration of atorvastatin reduces the microviscosity of HDL. The combined application of atorvastatin and α-calcidol reduces the microviscosity of HDL. Conclusion. We have drawn a conclusion about the complex effect of stress, atorvastatin, and α-calcidol on the physical and chemical properties of the lipoprotein blood complexes and a conclusion about the positive effect of atorvastatin and α-calcidol on the microviscosity of HDL.

scholarly journals Soil-Landscape Relationship in the Northern Volcanic Mountain of Leyte, Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Roland Rallos ◽  
Victor Asio ◽  
Faustino Villamayor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unstable Position ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Studies on soil-landscape relationships are necessary to improve our understanding of the spatial distribution and variation of soils for their sustainable management. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and landscape position in the northern volcanic mountain of Leyte, Philippines. Five soil profiles located on summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope positions were evaluated. Findings revealed that the degree of soil development as well as the soil morphophysical and chemical properties varied with landscape position. The soil in the most stable position (summit) had thicker solum and slightly more developed soil profile than the soils in other landscape positions. On the other hand, soils in the unstable position (backslope) generally had thinner solum. All the five soils also revealed the influence of the andesitic volcanic parent material on their properties. They all showed some properties typical of Andisols such as low bulk density and high pH in NaF although they were classified as Andic Dystrudept. The soils all possessed physical and chemical constraints for crop production.

scholarly journals The role of nanotechnology for improving crop production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Amir Lakzian ◽  
Maryam Bayat ◽  
Anvar Gadzhikurbanov ◽  
Meisam Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Today, green nanotechnology has great importance due to the presence of different modes of restrictive action against various pathogens such as fungi and bacterial species. The use of nanomaterials has recently increased in agriculture and plant-tissue culture thanks to their unique different properties such as; magnetic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. Optimum use of iron increases protein content in the wheat grain. They also enhance plant growth by improving disease resistance and increase stability of the plants by anti-bending and deeper rooting of crops. It has been reported by many researchers that Nano-fertilizers significantly influenced the seed germination which demonstrated the effect of Nano fertilizers on seed and seed vigor. Chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Developing Nano-biotechnology is generating interests in research towards eco-friendly, cost effective and biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles systems have been combined into plant fungal disease controlpractices. Using nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also illustrated.

scholarly journals Pemberian Kirinyuh (Cromolaena odorata L.) sebagai Mulsa Organik pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Tanah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Nasrullah ◽  
Syakur Syakur ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstrak :Gulma kirinyuh sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan pupuk organik karena kandungan unsur  hara dalam jaringannya yang tinggi. Biomassa kirinyuh memiliki kandungan hara N 2,65%, P 0,53% dan K 1,9% sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber hara yang potensial dalam upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai dan perbaikan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanah yang sesuai dalam menunjang produksi tanaman kedelai akibat dari penambahan bahan organik kirinyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanah yang sesuai dalam menunjang produksi tanaman kedelai akibat dari penambahan bahan organik kirinyuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) faktor dengan pola 4 x 3 sehingga diperoleh 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh (D), terdiri atas 4 (empat) taraf yaitu: D0 = 0 ton ha-1, D1 = 6 ton ha-1, D2 = 12 ton ha-1, D3 = 18 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh (W) terdiri atas 3 (tiga) taraf yaitu saat tanam (W1), 1 minggu setelah tanam (W2), 2 minggu setelah tanam (W3). Peubah fisika dan kimia tanah yang diamati meliputi bulk density, stabilitas agregat tanah, kapasitas tukar kation dan kejenuhan basa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh berpengaruh sangat nyata  terhadap sifat fisika tanah yaitu bulk density. Dosis mulsa organik kirinyuh 6 - 18 ton ha-1 menurunkan nilai bulk density namun tidak meningkatkan stabilitas agregat tanah. Waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh yang awal tidak menunjukkan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia tanah yang diamati. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan waktu aplikasi mulsa organik kirinyuh terhadap semua peubah yang diamati.   Granting Kirinyuh (Cromolaena odorata L.) As Organic Mulch In Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) As Well As Its Effects On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of SoilAbstract. Weed kirinyuh potential to be used as organic fertilizer because the content of nutrient elements in its high. Biomass kirinyuh contain nutrient N 2.65%, 0.53% P and K 1.9% so that it can be utilized as a source of potential nutrient in an attempt to increase the production of soybean and improvement of soil fertility. This research aims to know the appropriate ground support the soybean crop production resulting from the addition of organic matter kirinyuh. This research aims to know the appropriate ground support the soybean crop production resulting from the addition of organic matter kirinyuh. This research was performed using Random Design Group (RAK) Factorial of 2 (two) factors with the 4 x 3 pattern so obtained 12 combination treatment. The first factor is a dose of organic mulch kirinyuh (D), consisting of four (4) levels, namely: a D0 = 0 ton ha-1, D1 = 6 ton ha-1, D2 = 12 ton ha-1, D3 = 18 ton ha-1. The second factor is the time of organic mulch application kirinyuh (W) consists of 3 (three) level that is when planting (W1), 2 weeks after planting (W2), 2 weeks after planting (W3). Soil physical and chemical variables were observed include bulk density, soil aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity and saturation of the base. The results showed that a dose of organic mulch kirinyuh very real effect against soil physical properties namely bulk density. A dose of organic mulch kirinyuh 6-18 ton ha-1 lowers the values of bulk density but does not increase the stability of soil aggregates. Organic mulch application time kirinyuh the beginning does not show its effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil is observed. There is no interaction between the dose and time of application of organic mulch kirinyuh against all variables were observed. 

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in the Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1101
Author(s):  
A. Adugna ◽  
A. Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Land use change can have negative or positive effects on soil quality. Our objective was to assess the effects of land uses changes on the dynamics of selected soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent land uses, namely forestland, grazing land and cultivated land at 0–15 cm depth, and tested in National Soil Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia. Percentage changes of soil properties on cultivated and grazing land was computed and compared to forestland, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance of the changes. The results indicate that sand, silt, SOM, N, pH, CEC and Ca were the highest in forestlands. Mg was the highest in grazing land while clay, P and K were the highest in cultivated land. The percentage changes in sand, clay, SOM, pH, CEC, Ca and Mg were higher in cultivated land than the change in grazing land compared to forestland, except P. In terms of relationship between soil properties; SOM, N, CEC and Ca were strongly positively correlated with most of soil properties while P and silt have no significant relationship with any of other considered soil properties. Clay has negative correlation with all of soil properties. Generally, cultivated land has the least concentration of soil physical and chemical properties except clay and AP which suggest increasing degradation rate in soils of cultivated land. So as to increase SOM and other nutrients in the soil of cultivated land, integrated implementation of land management through compost, cover crops, manures, minimum tillage and crop rotation; and liming to increase soil pH are suggested.

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830002 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENGLIN XIAN ◽  
LINHUA XU
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Sensor Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The surface modification plays an important role on both physical and chemical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) materials. In this review paper, efforts are made to summarize and analyze reported results regarding surface modification method, surface modification effect on the luminescence and superhydrophobic properties of ZnO thin films and nanostructures. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity and gas sensor property of modified ZnO using both organic and inorganic species are also involved.

scholarly journals Metal Nanoparticles and Plants / Nanocząstki Metaliczne I Rośliny

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Masarovičová ◽  
Katarína Kráľová
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) belong mostly to the engineered type of nanoparticles and have not only unique physical and chemical properties but also different biological actions. In recent years, noble MNPs and their nano-sized agglomerates (collectively referred to as nanoparticles or particles in the subsequent sections) have been the subjects of much focused research due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, magnetic and chemical properties that can be significantly different from those of bulk materials. To enhance their use, it is important to understand the generation, transport, deposition, and interaction of such particles. Synthesis of MNPs is based on chemical or physical synthetic procedures and by use of biological material (“green synthesis” as an environmentally benign process) including bacteria, algae and vascular plants (mainly metallophytes). In biological methods for preparation of metal nanoparticles mainly leaf reductants occurring in leaf extracts are used. MNPs can be formed also directly in living plants by reduction of the metal ions absorbed as a soluble salt, indicating that plants are a suitable vehicle for production of MNPs. These methods used for preparation of MNPs are aimed to control their size and shape. Moreover, physicochemical properties of MNPs determine their interaction with living organisms. In general, inside the cells nanoparticles might directly provoke either alterations of membranes and other cell structures or activity of protective mechanisms. Indirect effects of MNPs depend on their physical and chemical properties and may include physical restraints, solubilization of toxic nanoparticle compounds or production of reactive oxygen species. Toxic impacts of MNPs on plants is connected with chemical toxicity based on their chemical composition (eg release of toxic metal ions) and with stress or stimuli caused by the surface, size and shape of these nanoparticles. Positive effects of MNPs were observed on the following plant features: seed germination, growth of plant seedlings, stimulation of oxygen evolution rate in chloroplasts, protection of chloroplasts from aging for long-time illumination, increase of the electron transfer and photophosphorylation, biomass accumulation, activity of Rubisco, increase of quantum yield of photosystem II, root elongation, increase of chlorophyll as well as nucleic acid level and increase in the shoot/root ratio. However, it should be stressed that MNPs impact on human and environmental health remains still unclear.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
O. Popoola ◽  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Polishing ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

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