scholarly journals Detection and Prevalence of Canine Leptospirosis from Navsari District of South Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Dhruv Desai ◽  
Pushpa Makwana ◽  
Jayesh Solanki ◽  
Irshadullakhan Kalyani ◽  
Dharmesh Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Percent Positivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dot Elisa

Aims: Leptospirosis is endemically prevalent in coastal area of south Gujarat. Generally, pets are vaccinated against Leptospira interrogans but whosoever left unvaccinated, are prone to infection. The present study was conducted to detect canine leptospirosis and its prevalence from south Gujarat. Place and Duration of Study: A total of 46 serum samples and 33 urine samples were collected from 56 dogs suspected of having leptospira infection. The study was done from September 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: Serum samples were diagnosed by IgG based ImmunoComb solid phase dot ELISA test for antibody against genus specific Leptospira interrogans. Urine samples were visualized under dark field microscopy (DFM) following laboratory manual on leptospirosis of WHO. Sex and age of dogs were noted to find out the percent positivity and prevalence. Chi square test was applied to find out any significant difference among the age groups. Results: Out of 46 serum samples, 17 (36.95%) found positive by dot ELISA and out of 33 urine sample, 13 (39.39%) found positive by DFM. Sex wise prevalence found 42.10 percent (16/38) in Male while 55.55 percent (10/18) in female dogs. Age group wise prevalence was recorded 63.63 percent (07/11) in 1- ≤ 3 years group. 27.77 per cent (05/18) in > 3- ≤ 6 years group whereas, 51.85 percent (14/27) in > 6- ≤ 12 years group. Conclusion: Detection and prevalence of canine leptospirosis were studied first time from Gujarat. Overall 46.42 percent (26/56) dogs were diagnosed positive for canine leptospirosis. Dogs having age group of 1- ≤ 3 years found more susceptible. Prevalence was found more in female than male dogs. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgG against conformational and linear capsid antigens of parvovirus B19 in Italian blood donors

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MANARESI ◽  
G. GALLINELLA ◽  
A. M. MORSELLI LABATE ◽  
P. ZUCCHELLI ◽  
D. ZACCARELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Linear Epitopes

Serum samples from 446 Italian blood donors between 18 and 65 years of age were analysed for the presence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 including conformational and linear epitopes. The overall prevalence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 against at least one antigen type was 79·1%. No significant difference was found between men and women. In the 18–27 years age group, 77·0% of the population had experienced infection with the virus, reaching 88·5% in the 48–57 years age group. The overall prevalence of IgG was 78·0% against conformational VP1+VP2 antigens, 74·9% against conformational VP2, 70·9% against linear VP1 and 23·3% against linear VP2 in the analysis of the IgG response against different conformational and linear epitopes of VP1 and VP2. Although IgG against conformational VP1+VP2, conformational VP2 and linear VP1 was present in more than 60% of subjects in all age groups, IgG against VP2 linear antigens was present in only 32% of subjects in the 18–27 years age group and then decreased to 20·5% in the 28–37 years age group. A different trend was noted when IgG positivity against linear and conformational epitopes was analysed separately in men and women. A significant increase was found in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 conformational antigens with increasing age in males and a significant decrease in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 linear antigens in women with increasing age.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Esherichia coli isolated from urine samples in patients visiting tertiary health care centre in Eastern Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Thakur ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
KR Rijal ◽  
GK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections caused by microbial invasion of tissue lining the urinary tract. Escherichia coli is the primary etiologic agent among both outpatients and inpatients. Antimicrobial resistance is an evolving and growing problem in UTI. Of more concern is increasing incidence of infections caused by strains of E. coli that are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Objective: The study was conducted with the objective to monitor the prevalence of E. coli and to assess the trend of drug resistance in patients visiting Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal. Materials and Methods: Specimens were collected aseptically and cultured in bacteriological culture media and identified by using standard microbiological techniques as described in Bergey’s Manual of systemic bacteriology. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Of 508 non-repeated urine samples the total growth was 18.30% (n=93). E. coli accounted for 86.02% (n=80). Highest samples were belonged to the age group 21-40 years and least samples belonged to the age group >61.Of total antibiotics used, amikacin showed the highest susceptibility of 96.25% followed by nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime with 92.5%, 77.5%, 72.5% and 71.25% respectively among the isolates. Least susceptibility was shown by nalidixic acid with 22.5%. About half of the isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while no significant differences were seen among susceptibility to different antibiotics and age groups. Total multiple drug resistance (MDR) was 38.75% (n=31) with highest isolates belonged to the age group 21-40 years and least belonged to the age group <20 years. However, no significant difference was seen between MDR and age groups. The MDR was higher in male, 59.1% (13/22) than in female, 31.03% (18/58) which was statistically significant (p=0.021) showing about three times more MDR in male than in female. Conclusion: This study found more than one third of the urinary E. coli isolates were MDR. Higher resistance was seen to fluroquinolones and about one third to third generation cephalosporins. This necessitates a reevaluation of first and second line therapies for the treatment of UTI and regular monitoring of the usage of antimicrobials is done so as to optimize the empirical therapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8657 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 22-26

Distribution of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein H Genotypes in Different Samples from Chinese Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lu-Yan Chen ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Shi-Qiang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein H

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers. Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing. Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p < 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%. Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat: Iraq/ Sulaimania

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Lazem H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82 (57 %) , and 21 (54.6 %) and 25 (54.35 %) in goats ,by ELISA and LAT respectively. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest in age group 7-9 (66.6%) in sheep in compares’ with other age groups. There was no significant differences between both spp.and tow test. Conclusion: Statistical results show no significant differences between both tests (ELISA &LAT) at (P ≥ 0.05).The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was increased proportionally with the age of animals, while gender has no effect on the prevalent rate .

scholarly journals Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a National Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Adhikari ◽  
Guru Prasad Dhakal ◽  
Nongluck Suwisith ◽  
Sonam Dargay ◽  
Krishna P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium causing chronic gastric infection and may cause gastric cancer. It was necessary to see the trend of infection, especially in symptomatic patients. This retrospective descriptive study was aimed to describe the characteristics of H. pylori infection in Bhutanese patients referred for an endoscopy to the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: The sample of the study was randomized 380 medical records of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Rapid Urea Test for symptomatic dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Data was collected using a survey form designed by the researchers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high (76.6%). The mean age of the infection was 42 with a range from 15 to 84 years. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age group 20-29 years (82.7%) and lowest in the oldest age group 70-84 years (66.7%). The analysis showed no significant difference in infection amongst age groups, gender, and endoscopic findings to the positive results at 5% significant level except for monthly prevalence (p<0.001). Gastritis was the commonest endoscopy finding (153/380) and gastro-duodenitis had the highest positivity rate (88.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection was relatively high compared with previous studies. Young and middle-aged adults had a high prevalence and this group needs to be given priority for screening and eradication treatment considering limited resources to prevent associated gastric cancer in Bhutan.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Cullin-1 Expression in Preeclamptic Placenta and its Association with Pregnancy Termination Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Makbruri Makbruri ◽  
Isabella Kurnia Liem ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Tantri Hellyanti
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Termination Time

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a systemic syndrome occurring in 3–5% of pregnancies, caused by disorders of cellular factors resulting in the disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasion which is important for the placental development and maintaining pregnancy. Cullin-1 is a protein that plays a role in the process of maintaining pregnancy, development, and trophoblast invasion in the placenta. Until now, there have been no studies linking the expression of cullin-1 in preeclamptic patients with the timing of pregnancy termination. AIM: This study analyzed cullin-1 expression in preeclamptic patients and their relationship to the timing of pregnancy termination was carried out. METHODS: Placental samples were taken from preeclampsia patients consisting of three gestational age groups, then immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the dynamics of expression and distribution in each age group of pregnancy and to find out their relationship with the timing of pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Cullin-1 was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. The lowest cullin-1 level was obtained in the very preterm age group, and the highest was found in the moderate preterm gestational age group. There was a significant difference between cullin-1 optical density (OD) expression and termination time of pregnancy, and there was a significant difference (OD) in cullin-1 preeclamptic patients with very preterm gestational age with moderate preterm gestational age. CONCLUSION: Cullin-1 was expressed both in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts and was associated with the timing of pregnancy termination.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Existing comorbidities in people with osteoarthritis: a retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort in Alberta, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Marshall ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe ◽  
Karen Yee ◽  
Peter D Faris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities among people with osteoarthritis (OA) using administrative health data.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingAll residents in the province of Alberta, Canada registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan population registry.Participants497 362 people with OA as defined by ‘having at least one OA-related hospitalization, or at least two OA-related physician visits or two ambulatory care visits within two years’.Primary outcome measuresWe selected eight comorbidities based on literature review, clinical consultation and the availability of validated case definitions to estimate their frequencies at the time of diagnosis of OA. Sex-stratified age-standardised prevalence rates per 1000 population of eight clinically relevant comorbidities were calculated using direct standardisation with 95% CIs. We applied χ2 tests of independence with a Bonferroni correction to compare the percentage of comorbid conditions in each age group.Results54.6% (n=2 71 794) of people meeting the OA case definition had at least one of the eight selected comorbidities. Females had a significantly higher rate of comorbidities compared with males (standardised rates ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.28). Depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension were the most prevalent in both females and males after age-standardisation, with 40% of all cases having any combination of these comorbidities. We observed a significant difference in the percentage of comorbidities among age groups, illustrated by the youngest age group (<45 years) having the highest percentage of cases with depression (24.6%), compared with a frequency of 16.1% in those >65 years.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the high frequency of comorbidity in people with OA, with depression having the highest age-standardised prevalence rate. Comorbidities differentially affect females, and vary by age. These factors should inform healthcare programme and delivery.

scholarly journals 2. A Comparison of the Composition of New and Evolved Comets

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Donn
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Emission Intensity Ratio ◽  
Perihelion Passage ◽  
The Continuum

The intensity ratio of the continuum to the molecular emissions was estimated in the spectra of eight-five comets. These consisted of 34 new, 1/a (orig) < 100 x 10-6 AU-1, 31 more evolved with 102 < 1/a < 104, and 20 periodic comets, P < 103 years. In each age group the comets were divided into two distance intervals, the first observed at less than 1 AU from the sun and the second category observed at more than 1 AU. No significant difference among the patterns of relative intensity distribution among four age groups was found. No general evidence for a difference between pre- and post-perihelion observations was found although in a few cases a pronounced effect occurs. Four conclusions are drawn. (1) There is no readily apparent difference in continuum to emission intensity ratio between new and more evolved comets. (2) An intrinsic distribution of this characteristic does occur. (3) Periodic comets with weak continua derived from new comets with the same property. (4) No weakening of the continuum in general occurs following perihelion passage. The infrared evidence for Comet Encke suggests that the faintness of its continuum may be caused by a size distribution containing only particles larger than about 10 μm.

scholarly journals TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangio FERRARI ◽  
Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽  
Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽  
Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽  
Odemari Miranda FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

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