scholarly journals Calculation of Relative Uncertainty When Measuring Physical Constants: CODATA Technique Vs Information Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Boris Menin
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Relative Uncertainty ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Information Method

Aims: To analyze the results of measurements of the Boltzmann, gravitational and Planck constants using a theoretically sound information approach in comparison with the CODATA technique. Place and Duration of Study: Beer-Sheba, between January 2019 and May 2019. Methodology: Using the concepts of information theory, the amount of information contained in the measurement model of a physical constant is calculated. This allows us to find the value of the comparative uncertainty proposed by Brillouin, and the achievable value of the relative uncertainty, taking into account the basic SI values used on each test bench when measuring physical constants. Results: An unsolved question was to find the amount of information contained in the model of the measurement of a physical constant, which can be converted to the value of the achievable absolute uncertainty. This value now has an exact analytical formula. It is notoriously difficult to study the consistency of the measurement results of physical constants, but the proposed mathematical tool, developed using the concepts of information theory, allow us to simplify the analysis completely. Conclusion: The information method leads to an intuitive and logically justified calculation of the relative uncertainty, which is compatible with the current practice of CODATA. This allows you to identify the threshold discrepancy between the model and the object under study. Proof of this is the calculation of the achievable value of the relative uncertainty when measuring the Boltzmann, gravitational and Planck constants. The proposed information-oriented method for calculating the relative uncertainty in measuring physical constants represents a new tool when formulating a modernized SI.

scholarly journals Amount of Information and Measurement Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Boris Menin
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
International System ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Information Approach ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Short Period ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Universal Indicator

Aims: To acquaint specialists in the field of physics and technology, experimenters and theoreticians with the possibilities of using information theory to analyze the results of an experiment, without a statistical and subjective expert approach. Place and Duration of Study: Mechanical & Refrigeration Consultation Expert, between December 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Using the information approach and calculating the amount of information contained in the model of measuring a physical constant, we formulate a quantitative indicator for analyzing the results of the experiment. Results: The appropriateness of applying the described approach is checked when studying the database when measuring various physical constants. The approach is applicable to the analysis of results obtained both for a long and a short period of time. Conclusion: The information-theoretical approach allows us to formulate a universal indicator of the threshold mismatch between the model and the phenomenon, applicable to all scientific and technical fields in which the International System of Units (SI) is used.

scholarly journals Hubble Constant Tension in Terms of Information Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Boris Menin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Relative Uncertainty ◽  
Information Approach ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Constant Tension

Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the theoretically justified information approach to analyze different methods of measuring Hubble’s constant, and to verify their advantages and disadvantages. Place and Duration of Study: Mechanical & Refrigeration Consultation Expert, between June 2019 and November 2019. Methodology: Due to the fact that any measurement model contains a certain amount of information about the studied object, comparative uncertainty is introduced, by which the least achievable relative uncertainty when measuring the Hubble constant is calculated. Results: The experimental results of measuring the Hubble constant presented in the scientific literature are analyzed using the proposed information approach. Conclusion: The information approach can be considered as an additional look at the Hubble constant tension. Most likely, this will help to understand the current situation and identify possible specific ways to solve it.

Prediction of Ultrasonic Signals Captured from a Side-Drilled Hole Using a Rectangular Transducer

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Hak Joon Kim ◽  
Sung Jin Song ◽  
Lester W. Schmerr
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Ultrasonic Beam ◽  
Ultrasonic Signals ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Complete Measurement ◽  
Proper Interpretation

For the proper interpretation of ultrasonic measurement results from a side-drilled hole (SDH) using a rectangular transducer, it is very helpful to have a complete ultrasonic measurement model. A highly efficient ultrasonic beam model of a rectangular transducer and an accurate scattering model of a SDH are currently available. However, to develop such a complete measurement model, a reference model for the system efficiency factor is also needed. In this study a reference model suitable for a rectangular transducer is given and combined with existing models to develop a complete ultrasonic measurement model that can the predict ultrasonic signals from a SDH. Based on this model, we have calculated the ultrasonic signals from a SDH at different transducer orientations and compared the model-based predictions with experiments.

Estimation of uncertainty in olfactometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Standard Uncertainty ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Collaborative Test ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

Estimation of uncertainty in odour measurement is essential to the interpretation of the measurement results. The fundamental procedure for the estimation of measurement uncertainty comprises the specification of the measurement process, expression of the measurement model and all influences, evaluation of the standard uncertainty of each component, calculation of the combined standard uncertainty, determination of a coverage factor, calculation of the expanded uncertainty and reporting. Collaborative study such as interlaboratory comparison of olfactometry yields performance indicators of the measurement method including repeatability and reproducibility. Therefore, the use of collaborative test results for measurement uncertainty estimation according to ISO/TS 21748 and ISO 20988 is effective and reasonable. Measurement uncertainty of the triangular odour bag method was estimated using interlaboratory comparison data from 2003 to 2007 on the basis of the simplest model of statistical analysis, and the expanded uncertainty of odour index ranged between 3.1 and 6.7. On the basis of the establishment of the estimation procedure for uncertainty, a coherent interpretation method for the measurement results will be proposed and more effective and practical quality control of olfactometry will be available.

scholarly journals A digitization theory of the Weber–Fechner law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haengjin Choe
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
New Era ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Subjective Sensation

AbstractSince the publication of Shannon’s article about information theory, there have been many attempts to apply information theory to the field of neuroscience. Meanwhile, the Weber–Fechner law of psychophysics states that the magnitude of a subjective sensation of a person increases in proportion to the logarithm of the intensity of the external physical-stimulus. It is not surprising that we assign the amount of information to the response in the Weber–Fechner law. But no one has succeeded in applying information theory directly to that law: the direct links between information theory and that response in the Weber–Fechner law have not yet been found. The proposed theory unveils a link between information theory and that response, and differs subtly from the field such as neural coding that involves complicated calculations and models. Because our theory targets the Weber–Fechner law which is a macroscopic phenomenon, this theory does not involve complicated calculations. Our theory is expected to mark a new era in the fields of sensory perception research. Our theory must be studied in parallel with the fields of microscopic scale such as neural coding. This article ultimately aim to provide the fundamental concepts and their applications so that a new field of research on stimuli and responses can be created.

Research on information quantization based on the quantum theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750036
Author(s):  
Feng-Ming Liu ◽  
Mei-Ling Jin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Information Theory ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Sample Result ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

The research on information quantization is important in the field of information theory. As a result, based on the quantum theory, the information was quantified from the information receiving aspect in this report. First of all, several concepts were presented, such as the InfoBar, the Amount of Information and the Power of Information as well as the algorithm of the Power of Information. Then, according to the relationship between the InfoBar and the amount of Information, the wave equation was decided based on the receiving information, meanwhile, the equation of wave function was defined as well. Finally, via the numerical simulation, the received model results as well as the sample result were basically matched. Thus, the validity of the model can be proved.

scholarly journals 𝑯𝑵- Entropy: A New Measureof Information And Its Properties

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Mervat Mahdy ◽  
◽  
Dina S. Eltelbany ◽  
Hoda Mohammed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Random Quantity ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Weighted Version ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Cumulative Residual

Entropy measures the amount of uncertainty and dispersion of an unknown or random quantity, this concept introduced at first by Shannon (1948), it is important for studies in many areas. Like, information theory: entropy measures the amount of information in each message received, physics: entropy is the basic concept that measures the disorder of the thermodynamical system, and others. Then, in this paper, we introduce an alternative measure of entropy, called 𝐻𝑁- entropy, unlike Shannon entropy, this proposed measure of order α and β is more flexible than Shannon. Then, the cumulative residual 𝐻𝑁- entropy, cumulative 𝐻𝑁- entropy, and weighted version have been introduced. Finally, comparison between Shannon entropy and 𝐻𝑁- entropy and numerical results have been introduced.

scholarly journals The Combined Relative Uncertainty of Measurement Results by Prototype Semi-Automated Calorimetric Chamber

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kušnerová ◽  
Jan Valíček ◽  
Marta Harničárová ◽  
Jan Kmec ◽  
Michal Řepka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Relative Uncertainty ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Exact Evaluation ◽  
Computer Controlled

Abstract The paper presents an evaluation of the combined relative uncertainty of the result of direct step temperature measurements aimed at evaluation of the indirect measurements of the specific thermal capacity of the heat insulating concrete by means of a pair of resistive cable thermometers fitted with Pt100 temperature sensors and integrated into a computer-controlled calorimetric chamber. In particular, it is a proposal of evaluation of the overall relative uncertainty of the measurement of partial temperatures measured in equidistant time steps, in a relatively wider time interval. In practice, the uncertainty of the result of step temperature measurements is most often declared only by the instrument uncertainty specified by the manufacturer. The exact evaluation of the result of the measurements of thermal and temperature material parameters measured by the calorimetric comparison method is required by the fact that the investigated samples are made of newly designed non-tabulated building materials and that the measurements are made by a prototype device.

scholarly journals Why is G the Least Precisely Known Physical Constant?

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Speake ◽  
G.T. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Physical Constant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Relative Precision ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
Fundamental Physical

CODATA has recently published its readjustment of the fundamental physical constants and assigns a relative precision of 128 x 10-6 to G, the Newtonian constant of gravitation. Given that most of the other constants in physics have relative precisions of ~10-6 or better, we examine the reasons why the value for G remains so imprecise: The role of G in physics in general is considered and the most recent experimental determinations are examined. Constraints are given for perturbing effects in G measurements and a key result is that horizontal ground movements must be taken more carefully into account in future more precise terrestrial experiments.

The Electron Pair in Chemistry

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Daudel ◽  
R. F. W. Bader ◽  
M. E. Stephens ◽  
D. S. Borrett
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Fundamental Unit ◽  
Electron Pairs ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The One

The reality of the electron pair as a fundamental unit in the electronic structure of molecular systems is evidenced by calculations which show that the most probable partitioning of a system is the one which localizes pairs of electrons in well-defined spatial regions or loges. The loges in turn, correspond to those regions of space generally associated with core, bonded, and non-bonded electrons. In terms of information theory, they yield the maximum amount of information concerning the localizability of the electrons. The most probable three-loge partitioning of the six-electron BH(X1∑+) system, for example, is dominated by the event which places two electrons in each of three loges, the location and shape of the loges being such as to justify the labelling of the electron pairs they localize as core, bonded and nonbonded. Since the loges are defined in real space and are totally nonoverlapping, one may define the volume of space occupied by pairs of electrons. In BH, for example, the volume of space required to contain 95% of the nonbonded pair of electrons is over two times larger than that required to contain 95% of the bonded pair. It is possible to define core loges which exhibit pair occupation probabilities ranging in value from 95% in LiH+ to 85% in BH. Corresponding probabilities ranging in value from 75% to 90% are obtained for bonded and nonbonded loges. In the set of molecules studied here, the occurrence of events with such high probabilities is found only for loges which maximize the probability of a pair occupation.

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