СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНТРОПОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ САРАНСКА ПЕРИОДА 90-х

Представлены данные по городу Саранску, полученные в рамках проводимой ИЭА РАН долгосрочной антропогенетической программы исследования процессов воспроизводства в популяциях РФ. Показано, что в семьях городских популяций Поволжья практикуется регулируемый тип рождаемости. Выявлено резкое возрастание вклада небиологических факторов в величину коэффициента отбора. Применение искусственной регуляции репродукции влияет на процессы воспроизводства в популяциях. Репродукция выступает в роли универсального индикатора социального и биологического здоровья общества. The paper presents the data on the city of Saransk, obtained in the course of the long-term anthropogenetic program of research on reproduction processes in the populations of the Russian Federation conducted by the IEA RAS. It is shown that fertility is controlled among the families of urban populations in the Volga region. A sharp increase in the contribution of non-biological factors to the value of the coefficient of selection is revealed. Artificial reproduction regulation affects the reproduction processes in populations. Reproduction acts as a universal indicator of social and biological health of society.

MENGUNYAH BUAH APEL ROYAL GALA TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN PLAK DAN DERAJAT KEASAMAN SALIVA PADA SISWA KELAS VI SDIT ASSUNNAH KOTA CIREBON

Plaque and pH saliva are factors that can cause dental caries. The prevalence of caries according to RISKESDAS (2018) reached 45.3% in Indonesia. WHO (2012) states that the prevalence of caries for school children at 60%-90%. They are fond of consuming cariogenic foods that can increase the risk of caries. The Royal Gala Apple contains antibacterial that can inhibit plaque formation and have a slight acid flavor that can stimulate saliva flow. Aim: To know the influence of chewing the Royal Gala Apples to plaque formation and pH saliva in grade VI students SDIT Assunnah Cirebon. Method: Quasi experiment with one group pretests posttest design. Samples of 33 students. The samples were instructed to chew the Royal Gala Apple 100 gr for 5 minutes. Plaque measured by PHP index and pH saliva is measured with universal indicator paper. Results: The normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov is obtained by the plaque and pH saliva results before and after chewing the royal Gala p-value of < 0.05 so, that distribution data is abnormal. Data analyzed using Wilcoxon test was obtained PHP plaque index and pH saliva before and after chewing Apple Royal Gala p-value: 0.000 (sig < 0.05) Conclusion: there is a chewing effect of the Royal Gala Apple Fruit against plaque formation and pH saliva in grade VI students SDIT Assunnah Cirebon.

Performance, Achievement, and Success in Psychological Research: Towards a More Transparent Use of the Still Ambiguous Terminology

The present study focused on the terms performance, achievement, and success that have often been used in an ambiguous manner in psychological research. The way in which the meaning of the domain-specific constructs referred to with the terms was established for measurement purposes was investigated on a sample of 262 articles that stemmed from 35 randomly selected journals covering the full range of psychological research. The operational definitions of the constructs referred to with the terms performance, achievement, and success were analysed and compared in both inter- and intra-domain fashion. Additionally, we assessed the match among the observed operational definitions and general conceptual definitions available in the extant literature. The results revealed terminology-related issues in educational and occupational research. Within these domains, lack of adherence to the multidimensionality of the constructs of academic performance, academic achievement, academic success, job performance, and career success was identified as a general issue. Further, the tendency to measure job performance via indicators based on self-rating was considered inadequate given the objective nature of the term performance. In educational research, the overlap of the academic performance, academic achievement, and academic success constructs was confirmed, resulting from the tendency to use GPA as a universal indicator of academic outcomes. Based on the present findings, we provided several recommendations in order to encourage future research towards a more transparent way of dealing with the particular constructs referred to with the terms performance, achievement, and success. We suppose the present study may help researchers in the full range of psychological disciplines to add clarity to their own research.

Extra investigation of the self-organized critical Manna model at higher critical dimension

I investigate the nature of the upper critical dimension for isotropic conservative sandpile models and calculate the emerging logarithmic corrections to power-law distributions. I check the results experimentally using the case of Manna model with the theoretical solution known for all statement starting from the two-dimensional one. In addition, based on this solution, I construct a non-trivial super-universal indicator for this model. It characterizes the distribution of avalanches by time the border of their region needs to pass its width.

Problems of Attributing the Publications of the Old Believer Ovchinnikov Printer

This article is dedicated to the problem of attributing the publications of illegal Old Believer printers in the second half of the nineteenth century: such publications do not have bibliographical data or have false information about the place of publication. At the centre of the author’s attention is the largest and longest-running printing company in the Old Believer market that belonged to the brothers Ovchinnikov. For publications from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, the main element which allows us to attribute a book to this or that printer is decoration; however, this criterion is insufficient for books from the second half of the nineteenth century. Old Believer merchants were publishers of books in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; they placed their orders in rather large printing companies with an established set of decorations. Even in the printers they started at the end of the eighteenth century, they followed the tradition of using individual and distinctive ornamentation. In the second half of the nineteenth century, peasants or townsmen were publishers of books. Lacking sufficient funds and due to the illegal character of their activities, their printers were small and mobile, and they printed books on cheap paper in order to lower pro-duction costs. With only rare exceptions, the decoration of such books was not rich: either it was absent in general or there were only typeset decorations. If they did have headpieces, different printers used the same models. As such, ornamentation cannot be used as a universal indicator for attributing these publications, although it can be part of a set of such indicators. Fonts play the main role in defining an edition, but it is neces-sary to create a reference guide of fonts if this indicator is to be used practically. This article reflects the results of an analysis of fonts and decorative elements in publications from the Ovchinnikov printer. Very many such publications used a great variety of fonts simultaneously. According to indirect data, the books date from the 1860s. They might initially be taken for sammelbände since the type of paper changes along with the fonts. However, the integrity of the text during the transition from one font type to the next undermines this assumption. The article poses the question of how to explain the peculiarities of such publications. There is no one-dimensional answer. However, the author makes some suggestions: it is possible that at some point the printer was dispersed, with several printing presses placed in different houses. When a comparatively large volume was produced, the material was shared out and printed on these separate press-es. However, this hypothesis provokes the question: why do blocks of text printed in one font not follow each other in sequence? The article contains examples of the printer’s fonts and artistic elements the author identified.

Assessment of the innovative development of the economy of Ukrainian regions

One of the important factors in the development of agricultural enterprises, increasing their competitiveness and profitability, is innovation. In addition, it is clear that low innovation activity has caused a protracted economic crisis in Ukraine. The term "innovation" should be understood as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product, process, new method of marketing or a new method of organization in business, workplace organization or external contacts, new equipment or technology, and so on. That is, the defining basis of any innovation is innovation in a particular area of he enterprise. The development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation depends on the region of Ukraine in which enterprises operate and compete at different levels, including on a global scale. The inclusion of innovation in the group of the most important sources of enterprise competitiveness increases interest in research on the level of innovation in the regions, the differences between them, and the like. A significant number and variety of factors influencing innovative development exclude the use of one universal indicator. It is necessary to use a set of indicators reflecting various dimensions of the innovation activity of the economy. That is why we have calculated a synthetic index of innovative development in the context of regions of Ukraine, using the method of taxonomic analysis. According to the data presented, regions with stronger and weaker positions for innovative development can be identified. So, the highest level of this indicator for the period 2016–2019. Recorded in Kharkiv (0.340), Volyn (0.289) and Lugansk (0.287) regions. However, it should be noted that the level of these indicators is very low, since according to taxonomic analysis, the higher the level of development, the closer the indicator value is to 1. Among the regions with a low indicator of innovative development, one can single out the Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye and Lviv regions.

sST2 Protein Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to determine the blood concentration of sST2 and evaluate the correlations between sST2 and the clinical, instrumental, and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with CHFrEF (chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) and CHFpEF (chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), as well as to evaluate the sST2 informativeness in comparison with NT-proBNP. The study involved 160 patients diagnosed with CHF (86 men and 74 women, mean age of 72.4±8.7 years). According to the LVEF value, the patients were divided into two groups: CHFpEF (EF≥50%) was recorded in 69 people, CHFrEF (EF<50%) - in 91 people. The functional class (FC) of CHF was determined according to the NYHA classification (1994). NT-proBNP and hs-CRP levels had a stronger positive association with sST2 levels in CHFrEF patients than in CHFpEF patients. The results obtained (regardless of the EF) indicated a statistically significant direct correlation between the levels of sST2 and LAVI. The weak direct correlation between sST2 and NYHA FC, in contrast to the direct strong correlation between NT-proBNP and sST2, indicates that sST2, which is quite important both for determining the current state of the patient and for predicting the course of the disease, still cannot be used as a single and universal indicator. In this regard, further comprehensive study of the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of the sST2 and NT-proBNP biomarkers in CHF patients with different EF is required.

Assessment of Immune Status Indicators in Children with Consequences of Perinatal CNS Damage and Gastroduodenal Pathology

Intrauterine fetal hypoxia, because of disturbances in the fetoplacental complex, is a pathogenic link in the mechanism of development of cerebral lesions in newborns. The immune system is a universal indicator of all pathological processes occurring in the fetus against the background of chronic placental insufficiency. Therefore, scientific studies devoted to the study of the immune status in children who have undergone intrapartum resuscitation at birth are of great importance