Draft genome sequence of first Vibrio diabolicus in Mexico strain InDRE-D1-M1, an emergent threat

Introduction: The complete genome of the marine environmental bacterium Vibrio diabolicus isolated from raw shrimp in the city of Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco in Mexico is reported here. Methodology: Vibrio spp. it was isolated and identified using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Miseq system (Illumina, USA). Results: The Multi Locus Sequence Typing profile of the isolated Vibrio bacteria coincided only with 4 specific loci (atpA, gyrB, pyrH and recA) and with a total coverage of the species belonging to Vibrio spp. Analysis of the complete genome of the Vibrio isolate and other closely related species, using the genomic fingerprints of the Virtual Analysis Method for PHylogenomic fingerprint estimation (VAMPHyRe) software, revealed the clustering of this species among the clade Vibrio diabolicus. The antibiogram revealed that this strain of Vibrio diabolicus is resistant to ampicillin, which is consistent with the bioinformatic finding of the β-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyzes carbenicillin class A. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the environmental marine bacterium Vibrio diabolicus contains carrier genes associated with pathogenicity and ecological function, which could represent a threat to public health.

Case Report: Angiostrongylus cantonesis Myelitis in Thailand

A 67-year-old man presented with headache, middle back pain that radiated to both legs, and paresthesia in the right leg for 1 day. He had eaten raw shrimp 1 week previously. Over the next week after admission, he developed urinary retention and weakness in both legs. The numbness in his right leg expanded to below the umbilicus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed myelopathy with minimal cord swelling at T9 to the conus medullaris and a hemorrhagic lesion from T10 to T11. A complete blood count on day 28 after the onset of symptoms revealed leukocytosis without eosinophilia and no white blood cells in his cerebrospinal fluid. Results of an immunochromatographic test kit were positive for Angiostrongylus cantonesis but negative for Gnathostoma spinigerum. After a 4-week course of albendazole combined with a tapering dose of dexamethasone, he achieved nearly complete recovery.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Fuzzy Decision Problems: A Case Study in the Frozen Shrimp Industry

The European Union (EU) is the largest shrimp consumer market in the world in terms of requirements for shrimp product imports. Therefore, other enterprises that export frozen shrimp to the EU must consider many criteria when choosing suppliers of raw shrimp. The difficulty of choosing suppliers of raw shrimp makes selecting raw material suppliers in the fisheries sector a multi-criteria decision-making problem. In such problems, the decision makers must review and evaluate many criteria—including qualitative and quantitative factors—to achieve an optimal result. While there have been multiple multi-criteria decision making models developed to support supplier selection processes in different industries, none of these have been developed to solve the particular problems facing the shrimp industry, especially as it concerns a fuzzy decision-making environment. In this research, the authors propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Making model (MCDM) including the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) for the evaluation and selection process of shrimp suppliers in the fisheries industry. The model is applied to a real-world case study and the results show that Supplier 3 (SA3) is the most optimal supplier of raw shrimp. The contribution of this work is the employment of FANP and WASPAS to propose an MCDM for ranking potential suppliers in the fisheries industry in a fuzzy environment. The proposed approach can also be modified to support complex decision-making processes in fuzzy environments in different industries.

Quality Assessment of Ethnic Fermented Product Nga-Pi Traditionally Produced at Cox’s Bazar Region

Nga-pi, an ethnic fermented product traditionally produced at Cox’s Bazar region by Rakhine people is one of the popular food items of that area. To assess the quality of raw shrimp used for Nga-pi production and traditionally produced Nga-pi were collected. Some amount of the collected Nga-pi sample (from producers of both areas) were stored at refrigeration temperature (5 to 8°C) for 90 days to observe the changes in nutritive values, TVB-N and SPC during the storage. The results of proximate composition analysis for the samples showed that-the moisture content ranged from 58.29% to 61.06%, the crude protein content ranged from 25.88% to 27,12%, the crude lipid content ranged from 4.18% to 5.12% and ash content ranged from 7.30% to 8.40%. On the other hand the range for TVB-N value was found from 25.06 mg/100g to 34.02 mg/100g and SPC value from 1.69×105 CFU/g to 4.27x 106in Nga-pi samples. The result of the Nga-pi sample stored in air-tight polythene pack at refrigeration temperature (5 to 8°C) for 90 days showed that- the percent moisture, percent ash content, TVB-N value and SPC value increased but the percent protein and lipid content decreased with the progress of storage time. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 83-90, 2019

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities associated with wild-caught shrimp from the United States versus imported farm-raised retail shrimp

In the United States, farm-raised shrimp accounts for ~ 80% of the market share. Farmed shrimp are cultivated as monoculture and are susceptible to infections. The aquaculture industry is dependent on the application of antibiotics for disease prevention, resulting in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities in commercially available shrimp. Thirty-one raw and cooked shrimp samples were purchased from supermarkets in Florida and Georgia (U.S.) between March–September 2019. The samples were processed for the isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and isolates were characterized using an array of molecular and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Aerobic plate counts of the cooked samples (n = 13) varied from < 25 to 6.2 log CFU/g. Isolates obtained (n = 110) were spread across 18 genera, comprised of coliforms and opportunistic pathogens. Interestingly, isolates from cooked shrimp showed higher resistance towards chloramphenicol (18.6%) and tetracycline (20%), while those from raw shrimp exhibited low levels of resistance towards nalidixic acid (10%) and tetracycline (8.2%). Compared to wild-caught shrimp, the imported farm-raised shrimp harbored distinct gut microbiota communities and a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes in their gut. The presence of antibiotic-resistant strains in cooked shrimps calls for change in processing for their mitigation.

Sustainable Treatment of Heavy Metals by Adsorption on Raw Chitin/Chitosan

The objective of this chapter was to treat metal pollution of wastewater rich in Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions by adsorption tests on the raw chitin/chitosan. Different origin namely shrimp (Ccre), crab (Ccra) and lobster (Clan). Raw shrimp chitin had a strong affinity for Pb2+ and Cd2+. The adsorption capacity of zinc on the crabs chitin is twice as great as that on the shrimp chitin. The kinetic study showed that more than 50% of these ions are adsorbed before equilibrium is reached (20 minutes). The adsorption kinetics also showed that the hardness of the shells has a negative effect on the kinetics of the adsorption process. Indeed, the adsorption of Pb2+ on the raw chitin shrimp requires only 30 minutes, while on the raw chitin lobster; the equilibrium time is 60 minutes. To ensure a sustainable treatment, sludge generated by adsorption of heavy metals was incinerated at high temperature. Incineration has led to calcite phases, which do not represent any toxicity on the environment and it can be recycled in the industry of solid materials (ceramics, cement, etc.). However, the regeneration of sludge by the acid changes the structure of the material and gives new adsorbent supports.

Biodiversity of Enterobacteriaceae on masin (fermented sauce) from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Manguntungi B, Saputri DS, Afgani CA, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Kusmiran A. 2020. Biodiversity of Enterobacteriaceae on masin (fermented sauce) from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1001-1006. Masin is fermented sauce originating from Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara which is made from raw shrimp with the addition of tamarind, salt, and fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) flower. The study aimed to determine the biodiversity of pathogenic bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae family in Masin. The methods used in this study were isolation of bacteria using MRS media with modified NaCl concentration (1-12%) and molecular identification by using PCR-RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA-based sequencing analysis. The characteristics of bacteria that were successfully isolated on media with various concentrations of salt were round, milky white, and formed a flat edge with convex elevation in each colony. The highest bacterial population was 29.65 x 106 CFU/g in MRS + NaCl 7% treatment. From 48 selected isolates that morphologically close to Enterobacteriaceae family, 5 isolates were chosen for sequencing analysis. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, isolate 01 had a close kinship with Leclercia adecarboxylata, isolate 11 had a close kinship with Citrobacter freundii, isolate 33 had a close kinship with Enterobacter cloacae, isolate 40 had a close kinship with Pantoea agglomerans and isolate 46 had a close kinship with Enterobacter ludwigii.

A method for determining the uniquely high molecular weight of chitin extracted from raw shrimp shells using ionic iquids

Because the very high molecular weight of biopolymers extracted from biomass using ionic liquids (ILs) cannot be accurately determined using conventional methodologies, we have developed a new method for Mw determination based on static light scattering (SLS) in IL solution.