MODERN APPROACH AND GERIATRIC ASPECTS OF TEACHING GERONTOSTOMATOLOGY IN TRAINING SPECIALISTS UNDER THE SPECIALTY PROGRAM

Стратегия стоматологического обслуживания лиц старших возрастных групп исходит не только из приоритетов, определяемых демографической ситуацией, руководствуется ее развитием, эпидемиологически обоснованной потребностью в стоматологической помощи, но и ее эффективностью, которая должна обусловливаться и базироваться на результатах доказательной медицины и персонифицированного подхода, в реализации которых важную роль играет компетентностный подход в процессе преподавания обучающимся геронтостоматологии в медицинском вузе. Целью работы являлось создание современной методической основы для преподавания раздела «Геронтостоматология» согласно современной учебной программе специалитета медицинского вуза. На основании изучения научных работ, посвященных различным аспектам геронтостоматологии, в статье представлены методические основы для современного преподавания раздела «Геронтостоматология» на специалитете медицинского вуза по основным направлениям подготовки специалиста с учетом современной учебной программы в области кариесологии, некариозных поражений зубов, эндодонтии, пародонтологии, заболеваний слизистой оболочки полости рта и основ оказания ортопедической стоматологической помощи лицам пожилого и старческого возраста. The strategy of dental care for older age groups is based not only on the priorities determined by the demographic situation, guided by its development, epidemiologically justified need for dental care, but also by its effectiveness, which should be conditioned and based on the results of evidence-based medicine and a personalized approach, in the implementation of which it is important a competence-based approach plays a role in the process of teaching gerontostomatology students at a medical university. The aim of the work was to create a modern methodological basis for teaching the section of gerontostomatology in accordance with the modern curriculum of a specialist in a medical university. Based on the study of scientific works devoted to various aspects of gerontostomatology, the work presents the methodological foundations for modern teaching of the section of gerontostomatology on a specialist in a medical university in the main areas of specialist training, taking into account the modern curriculum in the field of cariesology, non-carious dental lesions, endodontics, periodontology, diseases of the mucous membrane of the cavity and the basics of providing orthopedic dental care to elderly and senile people.

Diagnosis and Management Approaches for Non-cavitated Carious Dental Lesions- A Narrative Review

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases. Its detection and management should start with a comprehensive treatment plan, with the goals of the elimination of cariogenic bacteria, the reduction of plaque acidogenicity, the encouragement of tooth remineralization, and the repair of damaged teeth. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding the latest updates on the diagnosis and management approaches of non-cavitated carious dental lesions. Methods: Studies regarding the diagnosis and management of non-cavitated carious dental lesions were included. Results: The subclinical non-cavitated carious lesion might progress to an early enamel lesion, develop into an established dentin lesion, or sometimes end up with a lesion reaching the pulp. The detection and management of caries should be patient-centered, risk-based, and evidence-supported, and should consider the dentists’ expertise and the patients’ needs and preferences. The visual-tactile and radiographic detection of non-cavitated carious lesions are greatly helped by the advances of non-invasive detection tools such as DIAGNOdent, fiber-optic transillumination, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, and DIAGNOcam. Conclusion: Accordingly, non-cavitated carious lesions can be arrested by several non-invasive techniques, which are preferred over the invasive options. The clinicians can use sealants plus fluoride varnish on occlusal surfaces, fluoride varnish or resin infiltration on proximal surfaces, and resin infiltration,fluoride gel, or varnish alone on facial or lingual surfaces to manage non-cavitated carious lesions.

CORRELATION BETWEEN FLUORINE CONTAMINATED ANIMAL FODDER AND CATTLE MILK IN HIGH RISK FLUOROSIS DISTRICTS OF RAJASTHAN

The toxic effects of fluorine depend on the intake into the body, the solubility and bio-availability of it. When daily intake of fluorine is 0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg body wt. in the form of sodium fluoride produces dental lesions in growing animals without affecting general health, whereas the adult animals can tolerate double the dose of the above intake i.e. 1 to 3.5 mg/kg. body weight per day, Minor teeth lesion occurs at 5 ppm. In cattle lateral incisors show most pronoused changes. Mottling of tooth enamel, erosion of teeth are the earlier signs of dental fluorosis. Lucerne, Barley, Common Duckweed, Rapeseed, Red Clover, False oat grass, Rye grass, Corn, Millet, Sorghum, Wheat were analyzed in all seven districts, fluoride ranges from 2.197±0.107 to 5.624±0.219mg/kg in Lucerene and False oat grass respectively. Buffalos milk (6.034±1.837ppm) of Nagore district was highly contaminated.As concentration of fluoride increase in drinking water, there was increased concentration of fluoride in milk, blood and urine.

Design and manufacture of a device using transillumination and scattering near-infrared techniques for detecting dental lesions

In dentistry, near-infrared (NIR) technology has been studied for decades that is being applied for the detection of dental damages without using ionizing radiation. Based on the interaction between dental tissue and NIR light such as transmission, absorption, and scattering, the teeth structure, and dental lesions can be observed by NIR images. The aim of this study was to build the dental diagnostic device using NIR light at 850-nm wavelength for detecting the early and hidden dental damages, that are not observed by X-rays. According to the various types of teeth samples, the transillumination and the scattering methods were designed and applied for capturing the teeth structures. The transillumination technique was used for thin teeth such as incisor and canine while the scattering system for observing the occlusal surface. The results show that the areas suspected to be the demineralized enamel are distinctly distinguished from the surrounding sound tissues and especially, the stain and pigmentation don’t appear in the NIR image. The designed device meets some requirements such as simple setup, safety, and affordable price for the purpose of replacement of imported equipment.

Assessment of the effectiveness of the NIR imaging systems applied to diagnose early dental lesions

In recent years, oral problems are receiving more attention from not only experts but also almost people. If tooth lesions in the early stages, such as white spots, hidden dental caries, and tooth decay, etc., are not detected and treated promptly, they will lead to a risk of tooth loss. There are several common methods to detect tooth lesions such as clinical method, X-rays, and particularly near-infrared method, which is being developed significantly during the past decades. This method is substantially efficient for detecting early lesions by observing infrared images of tooth structures. In this study, near-infrared (NIR) light at 850 nm was used for detecting dental lesions. Enamel is nearly translucent in NIR light, so the lesions located under the enamel layer can be observed due to the interaction between NIR light and demineralized lesions. In addition, the NIR method is not only a safe method but also able to detect dental lesions at the early stage and tooth cracks which X-rays are limited to detect. In dentistry, an accurate diagnosis requires a combination of methods. Nowadays, X-rays are not only the common method but also the gold standard in dentistry, so this study incorporated clinical evaluation and X-rays to make the criteria for dental lesion diagnosis. This article has aimed to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the NIR imaging systems in detecting dental lesions and compare the NIR method to the clinical method combined with X-rays by Cohen's Kappa coefficient using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).

Secondary Aesthetic Dental Dysfunction Treatment

Several methods and materials are used in modern restorative dentistry for anterior dental lesions treatment. The desired aesthetic outcome can be obtained only with the correct treatment method correlated to case particularities. Sometimes, subjective and unrealistic approaches lead immediately or in time to undesirable dental restorations. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the statistic distribution of aesthetic anterior dysfunctions detected on 425 patients from both genders that had restorative treatment during a period of 10 years. For each patient, there has been conducted an initial clinical examination and a photographic documentation was made. Also, each patient was asked to submit a questionnaire regarding his dental history. The results of the study represented the foundation for the discussions regarding the causes that led to aesthetic dysfunctions. The conclusions indicated that all errors that conducted to an initial failure of treatment are only connected with the medical decisions made by the dentist.